考研英語寫作高分的策略-PPT課件

1、三大紀律，八項注意紀律一：“死去活來”一、愛考研英語作文Pygmalion EffectRosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L. (1968, 1992)I love English.I love NETEM (National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates).二、寫作提高三“步”曲死背 改寫 活用Practice makes perfect.紀律二：表達 內(nèi)容有錢能做很多事情。Have money can do many things.Having money can do many things.We can d

2、o many things with money/if we are rich.It goes without saying that we can do many things with money.紀律三：英語vs.漢語共性 程工，2019,語言共性論，上海外語教育出版社。特性 正遷移：I love you. 負遷移：There are 50 students play computer games.王紅（2019）在抽樣的30篇作文里，所發(fā)現(xiàn)的學(xué)生的錯誤有284個和母語干擾有關(guān)，占全部398個錯誤的2/3以上。一、英語：形合；漢語：意合英語：形合（“借助形態(tài)和形式詞來表示詞間、小句間和句

3、子間的關(guān)系”，周志培，2019，p. 34)漢語：意合（“不借助形態(tài)和形式詞，靠詞語與句子本身意義上的連貫與邏輯順序而實現(xiàn)的連接”，周志培，2019，p. 34 ）形態(tài)詞 internationalization internationalize internationalist, internationalisminternationalinternationality, internationally internationalenationnation-hood, nation-state, nation-wide nationally, nationalitynationalnatio

4、nalize, nationalization, nationalism nationalist nationalistic nationalistically 形式詞情有可原 罪不可赦罪不可赦 情有可原二、英語：繁復(fù)；漢語：簡單Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scient

5、ists use for the study of natural phenomena.社會科學(xué)是知識探索的一個分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。 比較：The picture has a snake. The picture has a cat. The cat and snake are crying. They are going to be eaten by people.As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, both the cat and the snake are on the

6、table, with tears in their eyes, waiting to be eaten by humans.三、英語：形聚神聚；漢語：形散神聚睡時，燈是不敢點的，她怕樓上的燈光招惹是非，也希冀眼前干凈些，完全一片黑。（葉圣陶夜）When she went to bed she dared not light the lamp for fear the light upstairs would attract attention and cause trouble, besides, she preferred to see nothing, to be in sheer da

7、rkness. （周志培，2019，p. 174）2019年作文Directions: Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you shoulddescribe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, andpoint out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）20分例文It

8、 goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Lets take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is

9、 obvious that the flower in greenhouse cant withstand wind and rains. Nowadays the young generation in China, like the flower in the greenhouse, live under the full protection from their parents. Parents want to show all their love to their children. They give their children all the best things they

10、 can afford and do not let their children do anything at home. Self-centeredness and arbitrariness have become a trait of the young generation. Once leaving their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own. They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot face any ha

11、rdships and difficulties. Children education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by education experts, but also by people in all walks of life. The failure of children education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to children themselves

12、. Thus, its high time that parents, educators and the government made concerted efforts to put an end to this situation. 注意一：選詞要精I think?I believe/argue/hold/insist/maintainAs far as I am concerned/When it comes to me/In my opinion/In my viewIt goes without saying that/There is no denying the fact t

13、hat王立非，張巖，2019，p. 110中國學(xué)生英語本族語者ThinkMakeMakeSeeGetUseMailTakeLearnFeelHyland, 2019, p. 61Phrases in a HK Learner CorpusFrequency of phrases per 50,000 wordsL2 student textsL1 student textsPublished articlesIn this case0916It has also been085It can be seen that084An example of this is083This is not t

14、o say that072L2 student textsL1 student textsPublished articlesFirst of all17015On the other hand2393130As we/you know11823In my opinion110120All in all5920精選詞匯mad cow diseaseBSEbovino spongiform encephalopathy（牛海綿狀腦?。┳⒁舛壕湫投嘧円弧⒍ㄕZ從句（限定性和非限定性）As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ describe

15、din the cartoon/picture,There are many reasons why people make insincere commitments, but.The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 二、主語從句What you have done for us will be in our memory

16、forever.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.It is known to all thatIt is generally believed thatIt goes without saying thatIt is universally acknowledged that日積月累It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.Pri

17、de and Prejudice三、賓語從句 They believe that the central governments decision to develop the western part of the country and the success of Beijings bid to host the 2019 Olympics will open up further opportunities for the countrys development.Experience from foreign countries suggests that no aircraft m

18、anufacturers can survive depending only on their domestic market. 四、表語從句 This is where she lived when she was young. Quality is what counts most. The problem is not who will go, but who will stay. 五、狀語從句（時間，原因，地點，條件，讓步，轉(zhuǎn)折等） Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of compu

19、ters.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. 六、分詞短語做定語或狀語 The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the peopl

20、e of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor. (From Hu Jintaos report delivered at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) )七、被動句Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem. Many people believe that(It is believed that) The government and the publi

21、c should pay enough attention to(Enough attention should be paid tofrom both the government and the public.) 八、設(shè)問句Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? Should we just stand by and watch this situation worsen day by day?九、倒裝句Only through these measu

22、res can we hope to solve the problem. Only through intensive education and self-discipline from young people can the youth have a desired attitude toward idols.十、強調(diào)句It is this perspective that we must take to form a balanced view on the world around us.It is the government that is responsible for pr

23、oviding job opportunities for the young.如何對待“萬能句型”Directions:Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWE

24、R SHEET 2. (20points) As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the door, the left man seems to be keeping a “huge door” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the right person hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge door keeper”. It is obvi

25、ous that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them. This photo does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable,

26、but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step.

27、Assume bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine. Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some people may give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the right assessm

28、ent of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems. On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it. 注意三：段落結(jié)構(gòu)注意三：段落結(jié)構(gòu)啟承轉(zhuǎn)合王之煥登鸛雀樓 白日依山盡 首句 啟 春之生黃河入海流 次句 承 夏之住欲窮千里目 三句 轉(zhuǎn) 秋之異更上一層樓 四句 合

29、冬之滅紅樓夢賈家的四個小姐（傅道彬 ，2019）元春：賈府的保護傘，是大觀園的創(chuàng)基者；迎春：有木丫頭之稱，凡事無可無不可，她是承；探春：探與嘆諧音，因此她的主要性格體現(xiàn)在賈府處于變異時期，一展身手；惜春：則是息，是停止，只在最后才真正出場，她是富于總結(jié)性的人物。字數(shù)分配開頭段主題句；展開句（12句）；小結(jié)句。中間段的展開方法1、列舉法(Listing) first, second, third.lastfirstly, secondly, thirdly.finallyto begin with, whats more, in the endfirst of all, then, next,

30、moreover, furthermore.in the first place, in the second place, last but not least2、舉例法(Exemplification) for example, for instance, such as, like a good case in point isThere are many examples to prove.Here I will cite just a few.There is enough/convincing/sufficient evidence to prove.Take.as an exam

31、ple. 3、比較對比法(Comparison and Contrast) just as, in comparison, like, similarly, likewise, correspondingly, similar toin contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, but, however, yet, whileThere are some similarities/differences between.have something/little in common with.4、因果法(Cau

32、se and Effect) because, because of, since, now that, owing to, due to cause, result in, lead to, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, as a consequenceThe reasons why.can be traced to.The causes for.are as follows.結(jié)尾段1、解決問題，展望未來（2019年）As far as I am concerned, we should do something to prevent

33、 such an evil phenomenon from happening again. To begin with, all the society should condemn such a wrongdoing and these children should be punished by law. Whats more, every citizen must realize it is our duty to support our parents when they are old. Only with the joint efforts can we hope to solv

34、e this problem. 2000年Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are vital to our survival. Only in t

35、his way can we protect our ocean resources. Also, I believe that we human beings can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future. 2019年As Chinese citizens, we should respect our own national culture and learn useful things from the cultures of different nations, which will enable us t

36、o make great progress in many ways. I believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote cultural development both nationally and internationally. 2、總結(jié)歸納（2019年）I dare say that our society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both mate

37、rially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one could survive the intense competition in the market economy. They should remember the old saying, Honesty is the best policy. 2019年So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get l

38、ove from others and we also give love to others. I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in. 注意四：文章脈絡(luò)清晰As is vividly described in the two pictures, many young people are fans of stars and they try every means to show the

39、ir adoration. The first photo shows a face of a guy who has the name “Beckham”a famous British footballer written on his face, while in the second picture another guy spends 300 yuana big sum of money for many people doing a hairstyle of Beckham. The photos clearly reveal a serious and pervasive soc

40、ial problem nowadays. First of all, there is no denying that many youngsters want to be famous or rich overnight, therefore their focus is only on the success of the superstars, ignoring the fact that the famous people have to overcome many hardships and difficulties before they attain their success

41、. A case in point is Beckham or Liu Xiang. Whats more, following the footsteps of superstars will waste the youngsters precious time. They are at a prime time to learn new knowledge and lay a solid foundation for their future career. Sheer adoration of stars will ruin their study and their future. L

42、ast but not least, some stars are not the ideal idols for young people, for example, the famous footballer Maradona used to abuse drugs. This, of course, has a negative effect on the development of the young people.In my point of view, effective measures must be taken to correct this situation. It i

43、s the responsibility of the authorities to educate the young people to achieve success in a correct way. Meanwhile, the younger generation should redirect their adoration for stars to hard work, thus making greater contributions to the society. 注意五：題材一、問題解決型1、20192、20193、20194、20005、20196、20197、2019

44、二、積極弘揚型1、20192、20193、2019三、客觀分析型1、20192、2019注意六：體裁論說文economisttimenewsweek注意七：卷面一、拼寫正確二、書寫工整，清晰易讀注意八：杜絕低級錯誤Is our children learning?Our childrens do learn.George W. BushI is a studentWe must did something“木桶理論”三大紀律一、練習(xí)“死去活來”；二、表達優(yōu)先；三、英語的歸英語。八項注意一、詞；二、句；三、段；四、文；五、題材；六、體裁；七、卷面；八、少錯。更多信心？！2019Among all

45、 the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific

46、example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries. This is something we should give more thought to.