現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀5課程講解

1、不同院校不同授課范圍。本文檔課程范圍：第1,3,4,8,10課，五個課程。如不在你的搜尋范圍內，可以不下載。本文檔教師課程講解?？床欢?，敬請諒解！學習愉快！Lesson 1A. 詞義的理解與語義轉換1)We must honestly recognize where we are now. (1.2) 正視2)When we view the negative experiences of life, the Negro has a double share. (1.8) 不如意之事 坎坷經(jīng)歷若論人生坎坷，黑人可謂倍加艱辛。3)We must massively assert our di

2、gnity and worth. (3.1) Impressively ？讓世人知道We must stand up amidst a system that still oppresses us and develop an unassailable and majestic sense of values. (3.2)Develop a habit drop a habitDevelop a sense 意識Translation skill詞性轉換 B. 詞匯擴展1） A white lie is better than a black lie. (4.5)I had a white n

3、ight, thinking of you. white elephant allusion 典故Trademark白象白馬王子？white horse ？ Mr. Right Prince charmingwhite meat fish/bird red meat 紅肉 2)The most degenerate member of a family is a black sheep. (4.6)blacklist black market黑馬 dark horseScapegoat替罪羊Whipboy Allusion 3)teachers will not be forced to te

4、ach the Negro child sixty ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority （4.7）inferiority complexsuperiority complex戀父情結 Electra complex戀母情結 Oedipus complexc. 搭配 coll

5、ocation 1. the Negro is in dire need of this kind of legitimate power (6.2)緊急，極端 dire warning/prediction/forecast (a warning about something terrible that will happen in the future) Last night there were dire warnings of civil war. 2. the preserving of the status quo (6.11) maintain / preserve / def

6、end the status quo 3. And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites- (7.5) （ ？) polar extreme d句子理解 1） The job of arousing manhood within a people （that have been taught for so many centuries that they are

7、nobody ）is not easy. （3.4） 2） Power is the ability/ of a labor union like the UAW to make the most powerful corporation in the world, General Motors, say Yes when it wants to say No. Thats power. （line three from the bottom, Paragraph 6） 3) What is needed is a realization that power without love is

8、reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. (8.6)Anemic： weak；貧血的=Anaemic Anaemia 貧血Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, （considered） as destructive of initiative and responsibility. (10.2)The fact is that the wo

9、rk （which improves the condition of mankind, the work which extends knowledge and increases power and enriches literature and elevates thought,） is not done to secure a living (12.1)She didnt marry himfor he was richThe work is not 不是這樣的done to secure a living 被做以謀生不是為了謀生而做e修辭 （Rhetoric）figure of sp

10、eech1. Antithesis （A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure） 1) As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (5.5) 2) love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.

11、 (7.5)2Metaphor simile (like, as) 1) Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. (5.6)Self-esteem 自信2) The negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink

12、of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. (5.9)3Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. （14.4）3. parallel 1)The tendency to ignore the Negros contribution to American life and

13、to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earliest history books and as contemporary as the mornings newspaper. (5.1)Stripper Exotic dancing2) Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. （8.6）4.

14、 Alliteration 1）Now a lot of us are preachers, and all of us have our moral believes and concerns, and so often have problems with power. (7.1)Xiamen is a city full of vigor and vitality2）It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of ou

15、r times. (9.2)f. 熟詞偏義 1. And, in the thinking of that day, the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber. (10.5) Want =lack He knows no want in his life.他什么都不缺Lesson3Text Analysis A. 詞義理解與翻譯1. Today we are in the throes of a world wide reformation of cultures, a

16、 tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”. (1.1) a) in the throes of ?b) reformation ?c) tectonic shift?d) curious vocabulary?今天我們正經(jīng)歷世界范圍文化嬗變的陣痛，習俗和追求都在發(fā)生劇變，這用社會學家新奇的話來說就是，“全球化”。 2. Its an inexact term for a wild assortment of change

17、s in politics (1.3)a) a wild assortment ? variety 3. Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas move. And cultures change. a) dynamic: ? 態(tài)勢4. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. (5.1)a) popular factions? anxiety 焦慮情緒添字5. .at Hollywood High School

18、the student body represents 32 different languages. (8.4)a) student body ?b) represent?Senior high schoolJunior high school6. The critical mass of teenagers800 million in the worldwith time and money to spend is one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures. (9.1)a) critical mass of teenage

19、rs重要的青少年mass青少年這一 重要群體b) engine7. Theyre called “cool hunters”; and Amanda Freeman took me in hand one morning to explain how it works. (9.8)a) cool hunters 獵酷者 head hunterparodyb) take me in hand to deal with sb in a strict way in order to improve their behaviour8. But I also discovered that cultur

20、es are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them. (8.1)a) resourceful 隨機應變b) resilient 富有彈性c) unpredictable 難以預測9. it is also played by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattans Upper West Side. (14.7)a. society women ? soc

21、iety high society10. he told me with that detached friendliness of those whose true connection is with machines. (16.1) Split He told me with friendliness and detachednessa. detached friendliness he told me in a friendly and detached way他很客氣的和我說，不帶任何感情B詞匯擴展1. Telegraph, telephone, radio, and televis

22、ion tied tighter and more intricate knots between individuals and the wider world. (2. 6) a) intricate synonyms： complex； complicated； sophisticated；involved The plot was so involved that very few people knew what was going on.2. Then we wander through a few of the thrift shops. (11.10)a) thrift sho

23、p: a shop that sells used goods, especially clothes, often in order to get money for acharity flea market yard sale garage sale vintage shop二手服飾店 one dollar shop convenience store C-store 喜士多 dime storefive-and-dime （store）ten-cent store 3. “If its not going to be affordable, “ Amanda remarks, “its

24、never going to catch on.” (11.3)a) catch on 1.to become popularto be in Speed dating is in in China. He is in again. Inmateto be in vogue 2. to understand Tom is slow to catch on. 4. This being America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the result. (14.2)a) marry：（formal） to co

25、mbine two different ideas, designs, tastes etc together The buildings design marries a traditional style with modern materials Divorce： （formal）to separate two ideas, subjects etc completelyIt is difficult to divorce sport from politics.5. and the fierce concentration of the players. Collocation a)

26、fierce concentration fierce pride fierce wind fierce dog fierce attack/opposition/criticism fierce competition tough competition cut-throat competition throat-cutting dog-eat-dog competition Its dog eat dog world outside there. (羅馬學者馬庫斯曾在公元前43年提出Canis caninam non est（Dog does not eat dog）的說法，認為即使是像狗

27、這樣的“低等生物”行事都有原則和限度，不會毀滅和吞食同類，何況是人類。)6. TJs online too, shes the one from Wales-a real night owl.a. night owlall-nighter I pulled an all-nighter last night. Phoning anyone during an all nighter is a very bad idea The early bird catches the worm cool cat 冷靜的人lucky dog fox 網(wǎng)絡上的英語陷阱老牛吃嫩草 rock the cradle

28、 rob the cradle let the cat out of the bag pig in the poke What if the car you buy turns out to be a pig in a poke/lemon? lemonsocial butterfly watchdog He is a social butterfly and hugs and kisses everyone and everything 實驗品/小白鼠 Guinea pig 7. He, an American playing a Chinese game with people in Ge

29、rmany, Wales, Ohio, and Minnesota, was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones. (19.1)a) cybersphere:cyberspace cyberpunk 數(shù)字朋克 cyber-chat 網(wǎng)吧 cybercaf cyberfraud cyberwidow cyberstalking; cyberstalker cyber watchdog/Internet watchdogC. 搭配1. In the 19th century the postal service, news

30、papers, transcontinental railroads, and great steam-powered ships wrought fundamental changes.a) wrought fundamental changeswork work wonders work miracles work /weave ones magicThe warm weather and the beautiful scenery began to work their magic and she started to relax. b) 取得成就 record achievements

31、學習知識 learn knowledge (錯) Gain/obtain/acquire 深化改革 deepen ones commitment to reform 解除制裁 lift sanctionD句子理解1. Modern industry has established the world market. All old-established national industries are dislodged by new industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter o

32、f the globe. In place of the old wants we find new wants, requiring the products of distant lands and climes. (1.4) for their satisfaction2. Humans have been weaving commercial and cultural connections since before the first camel caravan ventured afield. (2.3)3. a sort of cultural cloning will resu

33、lt from what they regard as the “cultural assault” of McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Disney, Nike, and the English language itselfmore than a fifth of all the people in the world now speak English to some degree. (4.2)4. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western often eq

34、uated with Americaninfluences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld”. (4.5)5. In China, where Xenophobia and economic ambition that Hollywood be burned. (5.1-5)6. I feel its a moral obligation not to say: these people out there should continue to l

35、ive in a museum while we will have showers that work. (6.6)7. Westernization, I discovered over months of study and travel, is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows. (7.1)8. In Los Angeles, the ostensible fountainhead of world cultural degradation, I

36、 saw more diversity than I could ever have supposed(8.2)9. We go to a smallish 50s-style diner in a slightly seedy pocket east of Hollywood that has just become trendy. (11.1)e. Rhetorical devices 1. Los Angeles is Fusion Central, where cultures mix and morph. (14. 1) Morph: to develop a new appeara

37、nce or change into something else, or to make something do thisThe river flooded its banks and morphed into a giant sea that swamped the town.Lesson4Text Analysis A. 詞義理解與翻譯1. When your secretary invited me to come here, she told me that your Society is concerned with the employment of women and she

38、 suggested that I might tell you something about my own professional experiences. a. Society: the Womens Service League b. concerned withc. employment 就業(yè)問題增詞：The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related. 頻率、波長和聲速三方面是密切相關的2. For the road was cut many years agoby Fanny Burney, by

39、 many famous women, and many more unknown and forgotten, have been before me, making the path smooth, and regulating my steps. (1.7)a. cut 開辟b. many more unknown and forgottenc. making the path smooth 鋪平道路d. regulating my steps：guide 步子3. Thus, when I came to write, there are very few material obsta

40、cles in my way. (1.10) a. material obstacles 物質方面/上的阻礙b. in my way4. You have only got to figure to yourselves a girl in a bedroom with a pen in her hand.(2.1) a. figure：imaginevital statisticsFig. 15. She was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She was utterly unselfish. (3.10) a. in

41、tensely sympathetic sympathize：be in harmony with b. immensely charmingc. utterly unselfish她是這么善解人意；她是如此可愛迷人；她是那么毫無私心。6. She would have plucked the heart of my writing. (3. 倒13)a. pluck the heart 她會使我的文章空洞無物。隱喻詞義引申：Every life has its roses and thorns . 每個人生活都有甜有苦。7. Though I flatter myself that I ki

42、lled her in the end, the struggle was severe.(3.倒4)a. flatter8. Be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use the arts and wiles of our sex. (3.倒21)要善解人意；要言辭溫婉；要善于迎合；要言不由衷；女人的十八般武器，都要用上。B詞匯擴展1. She had only to move that pen from left to right from ten oclock to one. From left to right From age to

43、 age 世世代代From China to Peru 天涯海角；到處From bad to worse 每況愈下From pillar to post 東奔西跑，到處碰壁From rags to riches 暴富From strength to strength 越來越強大 From tip to toe 從頭到尾From the cradle to the grave 一生2For ten and sixpence one can buy paper enough to write all the plays of Shakespeare-if one has a mind that w

44、ay. (1.倒5) have a mind that way=have a mind like that （Shakespeares mind）That way-I dont know your name yet.-Lets keep it that way.My way or the highway. （The Matrix） Have ones way Finders keepers. Losers weepersFair enough. 行，還算公平Watt: Since there are other applicants on the line, we cant let you k

45、now our decision yet until all of them have got their chance for interview. Ann: Fair enough, I am willing to wait until you have come to a decision. C句子理解1. My profession is literature; and in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other, with the exception of the stagefe

46、wer, I mean that are peculiar to women. (1.5)2. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a writer. (1.倒4)3. The cheapness of writing paper is , of course the reason why women have succeeded as writers before they have succeeded in the other professions.

47、(1. 倒4) 4. It was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews. (3.6)Come between andto make people argue and feel angry with each other, when they had been friends before: Nothing will ever come between us now.I didnt want to come between a husband and wife.2to prevent so

48、meone from giving enough attention to something:She never let anything come between her and her work.5. If there was a chicken, she took the leg; if there was a draught （draft）, she sat in itin short she was so constituted that she never had a mind or a wish of her own. (3.12) 風口6. For, as I found,

49、directly I put pen to paper, you cannot /review even a novel without having a mind of your own, without expressing what you think to be the truth about human relations, morality, sex. (3.倒12)directly: as soon as You cant /smoke without making nonsmokers unhappy.7. And she made as if to guide my pen.

50、(3.倒19) Make（seem） as if to do: to seem as if you are going to do something but then not do it:She made as if to speak but then stopped.8. I now record the one act for which I take some credit to myself, though the credit rightly belongs to some excellent ancestors of mine who left me a certain sum

51、of moneyshall we say five hundred pounds a year? (3.倒19)Credit: praise, approval for an act, ability or a quality. Examples：He took his assistants credit.She deserves credit for trying her best.have something to your credit：to have achieved somethingShe already has two successful novels to her credi

52、t.下面我要說說多少是我自己做的一件事情，當然做此事的功勞主要還應歸功于我的了不起的祖先，是他們給我留下了一筆財產比如說每年五百英鎊吧這樣我就不用完全靠女人的魅力去謀生了。9I turned upon her and caught her by the throat. I did my best to kill her. My excuse, if I were to be had up in a court of law, would be that I acted in self-defence. (3. 倒15)Turn upon: attack 掐Have sb. up : to ta

53、ke sb. to courtPeeping Tom was had up for stalking. Curiosity kills the cat.10Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo， I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. (3.倒7)The shadow and the radiance refer to the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writingD. Rhetor

54、ical devices 1. No demand was made upon the family purse. (1.倒6) Purse: used figuratively to stand for money, financial conditions. This kind of figure of speech is called metonymy (轉喻). Beijing；the White House; the Crown; The pen is mightier than the sword.文勝于武 He succeeded by the sweat of his brow

55、. He is too fond of the bottle. 貪杯 What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. 2.I had to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stockings, or butchers bills bread and butter: used figuratively to mean food and the most important and basic things.

56、e.g. bread-and-butter issues such as jobs and housing This kind of figure of speech is called synecdoche (提喻). 借代 e.g. All hands were summoned to the quarter-deck (后甲板). They braved the waves to protect their fatherland. Are there no roofs in this town that will harbor an honorable man? Brandish (揮舞

57、) your steel, men. Lesson8Unit Eight The Merely Very Good Oppenheimer DiracSpender Auden A. Translation1.The Merely Very Good. 譯文: 僅僅一流 一流而已 一流人物而已2.And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble. (2.10) ？譯文：我知道他比我強/他很高明，但這樣表現(xiàn)出來不僅令人尷尬，而且惹出麻煩。3.The two young

58、 men became friends, insofar as one could have a friendship with Dirac. Insofar as: to the extent that, to the degree that, because, since, in that Insofar as I can say now, I shall come.目前我只能說我將會來。Insofar as possible, our examples will be drawn from Chinese.在可能范圍內, 例證均引自漢語。譯文：他和狄拉克成了朋友，但也只是一定份上的朋友而

59、已，狄拉克就是這樣。4. While Oppenheimer was interrupting Borns seminars, announcing that He could do calculations better in the quantum theory, Dirac, only two years older, had invented the subject. (3.9) Invented the subject: ? 譯文：締造了這一學科5. Audens Dirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of language, and the s

60、ense of fun about serious things. (4.16)（1）lucidity: being lucid; being easily understood譯文：奧登那狄拉克式的簡潔明快，純粹的語言魅力，寓諧于莊的幽默感6Spender also does not seem to have remarked on Oppenheimers eyes, which had a kind of wary luminescence. Siamese cats make a similar expression. (6.8)（1）wary: cautious and alert