直擊高考高考英語語法重難點(diǎn)系列專題10名詞性從句考點(diǎn)

1、（直擊高考）2013高考英語 語法重難點(diǎn)系列專題10名詞性從句考點(diǎn)在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句（Noun Clauses ）,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞叫連詞。名詞性從句又分別稱為：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句主語從句：是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，常放在謂語動詞之前或者用形式主語it代替，將其本身放在句尾。例如：1. That he came here just now has been proved.他剛才來的這里得到了證實。解析： That he came here just now在謂語 has been proved的前面， 所以是主語從句。2. It s true tha

2、t we are going next week .我們下星期走是真的。解析：真正的主語是 that we are going next week ,前面的it是形式主語。賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞） 和介詞之后。例如：1. We all know what he is .我們都知道他是干什么的。解析：what he is 作及物動詞know的賓語從句。2. His worry is about whether he can succeed .他的擔(dān)憂是關(guān)于他是否能成功。解析：whether he can succeed 作介詞 about的賓語從句

3、。表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+ 聯(lián)系動詞+表語從句例如：1. His question is where he can buy a house .他的問題是他能在哪里買房子。解析：where he can buy a house 是聯(lián)系動詞is后面的表語從句。2. This is why we can t get their support .這就是我們得不到他們支持的原因。解析:why we can t get their support是聯(lián)系動詞is后面的表語從句。同位語從句：是用以說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾的詞語通?？梢詣澋忍?。例

4、如： We heard the news that our team had won .我聽說了我們球隊獲勝的消息。解析hat our team had ivon是修飾的名詞“2工寫的內(nèi)容，消息就是 “我們球隊獲勝”,“我們球隊獲勝也就是我們聽說的消息”的內(nèi)容.如果 用句子 we heard the new5 （我們聽說了那個消息）是完整句，如果說 琳電heard that our team had won （我們聽說我們球隊獲勝了）也是完整句.名詞性從句的T語序：名詞性從句一律甲廠3淄序時態(tài)二主要是在賓語從句中（在后UJi專門要講）連詞:名詞性從句必須要由連詞來引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的難點(diǎn);連詞為了

5、思維的連貫性，此專題我們不以從句的分類來講，而以連詞的分類講。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞主要有以下幾類：.具有詞匯意義的連詞（what, how, who, when, where, why,whose, which ）.沒有詞匯意義的that （that在句中沒有如何意義，只起連詞的作用）f/whether（是否）.具有雙重身份的 what.疑問詞 + ever （whatever、whoever whomever however whenever wherever、whichever ）一、具有詞匯意義的連詞I know when he was born.我知道他什么時候出生的。Where he

6、 lives is known to us all.他住在哪里我們大家都清楚。My question is how you came to school. 我的問題是你 怎樣來的學(xué)校。He told us why she was late. 他告訴我們她為什么遲到。Please let me know what you are . 讓我們知道你是干什么的。Which team will win isn t clear. 哪只隊將要贏還不清楚。從上面的例句我們可以看出上述引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞都具有詞匯意義。二、that的用法know that your name is Tom. （賓語從句）我知

7、道你名字叫湯姆。.The news that they won the match excited us very much.（同位語從句）他們獲得了比賽勝利的消息使我們都非常興奮。. That he often helps my sister makes me happy.(主語從句)他經(jīng)常幫我妹妹使得我開心。.My demand is that you (should ) try to study hard.(表語從句)我的要求是你們盡力努力學(xué)習(xí)。從上述四個句子我們可以看出that在句中不具有任何詞匯意義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分。一)that引導(dǎo)主語從句常用it作形式主語的情況：L It ?t

8、tfaat 從句out mH ether vou can go.我們正在八足你是都出解析：介詞后面只能用vi hMhe】一9. Tell me si hether to go.告訴我是否去.解析：動詞不定式前面百辨f hethej103Ve are discussing，： 小丁。口 can go.我正在討論你墾否會去.H AVe 口 針 L .：， whether vou can go.我們將次定你是否能去.；解析工動詞dkcu寫decide等后面的賓語從句只能用whedigr引導(dǎo)412J want co know if vou dont like hi】，我想知道你是否不喜歡他。解析.賓語

9、從句是否定句時只能用if .又充當(dāng)一個四、what：在從句中具有雙重身份。即：既引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在名詞性從句中 成分。LWhac we can* -terns better than what we have.我們不翻M到面好像比我們擁有的要好些.了工、.gt既引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主語人斗.口get的賓語.Lalieve what vou said vesterdap. 我相信你昨天說的。解析工what既引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句巾又作空汨的賓語.This is what I want to tell vou.這就是我要告訴你的。解析：飛：導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句巾又作切中工-言&She is * . J：:

10、U with b har vou have done, 拗苛你己投做的滿意.F iJr： what既引導(dǎo)介詞with的賓語從口，又在從句中作do的賓語。訃 hat should be done has been done.該做的已緝攵了偏析：*hat既引導(dǎo)主語從句J在從句巾又作主語。My parents have brought me up and made me si liat I ait】.我父母把我培養(yǎng)成我現(xiàn)在的樣子。解析：這里的 what相當(dāng)于the person who/thatAfter what seemed five years , he came . f After five

11、 years , he came. 似乎過了五年之后，他來了。解析：這里的 what相當(dāng)于the time thatFinally he went to what is called America.f Finally he went to America.最后他去了叫美國的地方。解析：這里的 what相當(dāng)于the place thatI live in what people call Wuhan . f I live in Wuhan.我住在人們稱作武漢的地方。解析：這里的 what相當(dāng)于the place thatA modern city has been set up in what

12、 was a wasteland 10 years ago.一座現(xiàn)代化的城市已在10年前還是一片荒地的地方建起來了。解析：這里 what相當(dāng)于the place thatI would like to play what is called rock music.我想演奏所謂的搖滾音樂。解析：這里 what=the thing that-ever.五，疑問詞-ever（無論）：這類詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，在引導(dǎo) 狀語從句時可以換成 no matter +疑問詞，而在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用疑問詞.1 will believe whatever vou sav.(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)

13、TOC o 1-5 h z 我相信你說的任何話.,2Whatever you say (No matter what vou 5ay), I will believe it.(弓|導(dǎo)狀語從句)不管你說什么，我都相信.二.Whoever goes there is the 箏ame. (引導(dǎo)主語從句) 無論誰去上-樣的. Whoevei g - here (Nd matter who goes there)*he S3】電(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)無論造點(diǎn)情況是一樣的.-_. You can take whichever you want to,(弓 I導(dǎo)賓語從句) 你可以享走你想享的隨便哪T。.Whic

14、hever you take CXo matter which you take). I will agree. (引導(dǎo)狀語從句) 無論你拿哪T,我都同意.難點(diǎn)：whoever/whomeverwhoever/whomever 在句中才目當(dāng)于 anyone who/anyone that , Wh whomever只作賓語。 ou can give the book *r rver is in the classroom.你可以才巴這本書少在教室的任何人0 (whoever=aivorr ；. mar)解析.，小一.上后面的句子中作主語,所以黛.：；wh口的針而不能用 whomeverYou

15、can give the book to whoever whomever you want to help.你可以把這本書給到你想幫得任何人心(whoever whomever=anyone who that)解析: F hoew Mioniew在后面的句子中作help的賓語口I am xviDing to workp ii ：, r hoever is good.我愿意和人好的由行人一起工作.(ivlioever=anyon 1 that)解析：vK 一在后面的句子中作主語，所匚二能鋁whoever而不能用whomeverI am willing to work with whoever

16、whomever you are interested in.我愿意和你感興趣的任何人一起工作*(W hoer n homevei-a ny o newho that)解析: whoever whomever 在后面的句子中介詞由的作賓語。however1)不管怎樣 However =No matter how you come to school, you must arrive on time.不管怎樣來上學(xué)，你都必須準(zhǔn)時。2)形容詞或者副詞要緊跟在后面However hard English is , I want to study it well.= No matter how har

17、d Englishis,不管英語多難，我都想學(xué)好。However busy he is ,he will come to see me.=No matter how busy he is, 不管他多忙，他都要來看我。However carefully he writes, he always makes some minor mistakes.=No matter how carefully he writes, 不管他寫得多認(rèn)真，他總是犯一些小錯誤。注意下面這類完成句子題： (不管發(fā)生什么事),I will go. (what )答案：No matter what解析：在做這道題時，許多學(xué)生

18、的答案可能會是Whatever.在這里是引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,但 由于是要求用括號內(nèi)的單詞完成句子，所以答案就只能是No matter what( 不管你什么時候方便),please come to my home .(when)答案： No matter when it is convenient to you。解析：在這里就不能是Whenever it is convenient,理由是括號里給的是 when。六、由what和hotv引導(dǎo)的感嘆句式的名詞性從句1 remember what a fint voice she had.我記得他曾有多好的蓋訊hI u as astonishef1 :

19、1三4 out how fast she could run.我驚奇地華盛瑤拋得有多快叫ODo* . t know wliar a selfish girl she is?難道，大知道她是個多自私的女孩嗎？I was told that clever a student he is.有人告訴我他是T多聰明的學(xué)生“We all know what an important part cellphones are plaving in our daih- Life. 我們都知道手機(jī)在我們的日常生活中起著多重羲的作用啊.七，表語從句的補(bǔ)充：.This is where he lives.這就是我住的

20、地方。. That s where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。. That s how he studies his lessons.他就是這樣學(xué)習(xí)功課的。. That s why he didn t come.這就是他沒有來的原因。.This is why he ran so quickly .這就是他跑得這樣快的原因。.That was when I was fifteen .這是我15歲的時侯發(fā)生的事。根據(jù)上面的例句大家注意到了where, how, when, why在引導(dǎo)表語從句時的中文意思。where的意思是的地方”、 why的意思是原因、how的

21、意思是這樣、 when的意思是“的時候”,否則他們的詞匯意義就會有變。在這種情況下其句子的主語都是“ this ”或者“that.My problem is how he can arrive so early. 我的問題是他 怎樣能那樣早到。.His doubt is when they will finish the project.他的疑問是他們什么時候?qū)⑼瓿赡琼椆こ獭?What I want to know is why you always sleep in class. 我想知道的是你為什么上課總睡覺。.His question is where he must go.他的問題是他

22、必須去哪里。請大家注意下面句子不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：.Tlie reason whv he didnt go is that he was UL 他為什么沒有去的原因是砥了 -解析：why he didnt go是定語從句，修飾the reason, k是聯(lián)系動二L that he was ill是表語隊句“. That he didiif . i虧 because he was ill.他這有去是因為池病了 *,解析，Ihe didnt go是主語從句，is是聯(lián)系淳同，because he was ill是表語從句。.He didn t so because be ivas ill. 他沒有去由為他病

23、了。解析；Hedichi t go是主語從句，beunu牌hdasill是原因狀詰從句八、同位語從句在句中作同位語的名詞性從句叫同位語從句.它用以進(jìn)一步說明與它同位的名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。常可帶同位語從句的名詞有advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea,message,news,order,possibility , promise, problem, question, suggestion, thought, truth, view,wish,word 等 1.The news that they have won the match is true.他們獲得

24、比賽勝利的消息是真的。解析：that they have won the match 是前面 news 的內(nèi)容。You are sure to live your dream that you can find a good job . 你肯定能實現(xiàn)你找到好工作的夢想。解析：夢想的內(nèi)容就是找到好工作。Do you remember your promise that you will buy me a computer ? 你記得你要給我買臺電腦的諾言嗎？ 解析：給我買電腦就是諾言的內(nèi)容。Word came that he would give us a talk . 有消息說他將給我們做演講

25、。解析：that he would give us a talk就是前面 word 的內(nèi)容。注意：在某些名詞(如： demand,advice,suggestion,idea,decision,wish,order等)后面的同位語從句謂語動詞要用(should ) +動詞原形的虛擬語氣。1.I like youridea that we (should) do some readingevery day.我喜歡你的我們每天讀書的想法。.The suggestion that they （should）go next week is reasonable. 他們下個星期走的建議合乎情理。. Yo

26、u must obey the order that you （should） drill on time.你們必須聽從你們準(zhǔn)時操練的命令。九、同位語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別.同位語從句進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容；定語從句則對其先行詞起修飾，限制的作用。.引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞沒有任何詞匯意義，也不在從句中擔(dān)任成分，但不能省略，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞則代表先行詞的詞義，在從句中必須擔(dān)任成分，作賓語時?？墒÷?試比較：l）Mike told rue his idea tin: e（ should ） ask the teacher for advir （同位語從句）邁克告訴我我方向名師征求意見的想法

27、.解析，后和打旬子是前面名詞“想法”加J的中二工2）The idea . h=t） vou told me just now is ven good （定語從句） TOC o 1-5 h z 你剛才告訴我由想法很好.解析：dimt是d的賓語.所以是定語從句.一The information Ithr） I mention just now is the latest. （定i吾從句）我剛才提到的情報是最西的。解析hat是meE匕?賓語。、4）The inform- a fire happened there is just a jc （同位語從句）那里發(fā)小I少天的消息是個感，解析 a fire

28、 happened （here 是 inf or ma no ti 尸7 內(nèi)容已5）1 have no idea where we should have the match .（同位語從句）我不知道我們該在哪里匕矮 .解析:where we should have the match 是 idea 的內(nèi)容。 Bb.M，.，二一 二1! Lit（定沿從句）在暖和又常下雨的地方竹子長得很好。解析：where在后面的句子中作狀語。十、與名詞性從句有關(guān)的常用句型There is no doubt that 毫無疑問（同位語從句）There is no doubt that we can succee

29、d only by hard work.毫無疑問只有通過努力我們才能成功。It is no wonder that 難怪（主語從句）It is no wonder that you both often play together.難怪你們兩個常在一起玩。There is no possibility tha t不可能（同位語從句）There is no possibility that it will snow tomorrow.it will snow tomorrow?明天不可能下雪。Is there any possibility that明天有可能下雪嗎？There is no de

30、ny that 不可否認(rèn)（同位語從句）There is no deny that China is developing very quickly.不可否認(rèn)的是中國正在迅猛發(fā)展。There is no den - he fact that.-的事實是不可否二3 （同位語從句）There is ih w the fact that China is developi+ m qukkh 中國正在出猛發(fā)展的事實是不可否的.，、There is a good chance that 有可能（同位語從句）There k a good chance that the Third M orld VS ar

31、will break out. 有可能爆爰第三次世界大城.Despite In spite of the that.,.雖然、盡管（同位語從句）Despite In spire of r that he 靠心 busv .he came to h % h 雖然他忙，他近后來幫了我們，8Word l 有消息說（同位語從句）Word ijie that maiiv measures had been taken protect the environ men t .有消息晚已經(jīng)采取了許多措施來保護(hù)環(huán)境.9Jt 5 53id considered reported anuounced that.,.

32、據(jù)說認(rèn)為報道宣布（主語從句）Its said considered reported announced that there would be violent stormsoon.據(jù)說/認(rèn)為/報道/宣布不久將有狂風(fēng)暴雨。It s universally acknowledged that 是大家公認(rèn)的（主語從句）It s universally acknowledged that America is a superpower.美國是一個超級大國是大家公認(rèn)的。What they have in common （with）is that（與.）共同之處是（主語從句）What they have

33、 in common is that they are all fat.他們的共同之處是他們都胖。What they have in common with me is that we are all fat.他們和我的共同之處是我們都胖。It turned out that 結(jié)果是（主語從句）It turned out that all of them succeeded.結(jié)果是他們都成功了。How does/ did it come about that ？ 是怎么回事（主語從句）How does it come about that you are so sleepy every day

34、 ?你每天昏昏欲睡是怎么回事？. It happened that 碰巧（主語從句）It happened that the Taikonaut Wang Yaping was my neighbour.碰巧宇航員王亞平是我的鄰居。It occurred to me that 我突然想到.（主語從句）It flashed upon me that It struck/hit me that It crowded in on me that.It crowded into my mind that.It occurred to me that I still had many words to

35、remember.我突然想到我還有許多單詞要記。What struck me most is.給我印象最深的是 What impressed me most is.What struck/impressed me most is the way he solved the problem.給我印象最深的是他解決那個問題的方法。17Jj weU-known krior to all that.（主語從句）What is vell-kr 1 .aowii to all is that. （主語從句）As is well-k i： known to all.（定語從句）介V;Its b ： i-kj

36、iown known to all that knovledge 3 u.ver.Wliar is ivell-known known to all is that knowledge is power.As is eLl-known known to all .knowkdse H power.眾所周知知識就是力量：IS. Ifs hoped that.希望（主語從句）It-s hop電d that “ be admitted into a good univerr希望我鏟:立一所好大學(xué)。191t j difference to me沒二三家影響區(qū)別（主語從句）It . A es no di

37、fference to me whether he ca:; nake iionev.他是否能賺錢對解說沒有關(guān)系.20. It follows that是必然的（主語從句）It foUoivs that people tend to look down upon the poor.人們傾向于瞧不起窮人是必然的*高考模擬題再現(xiàn)：（2012 高考湖北卷 80） Things aren t always（appear）. 事情往往不是他們看上去的那樣。答案： what they appear （to be）解析：這里的 what既引導(dǎo)表語從句又在從句中作主語。（2012 高考福建卷） Wepromi

38、se attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever答案：C解蚱 promise動詞后面跟賓語（從句），后面的句子有謂語attend,所以就差主 語，填進(jìn)去 的詞既要引導(dǎo)句又要作一個成分，就只有C和D 了.但由于是 在后面的句中作主語，所以只能選 C 了，wioe er-anyone wb - 一 ；七 “我們承諾 給來參加晚畬的和影星拍照合影的機(jī)會”，考的安廠.句中的連詞.（2012 宮二再高卷）Evenone in the v

39、illage is vf i 工 idly. Ir doesnt marrer you h:，井 lix ed （here for a short or Long time.A, why B. how C. whether D. Avhn答案: C應(yīng)析！.村子里的每個人都友好，你住在那里的時間是起還是長沒有關(guān)系2句 首的在是形g主語，后面是一個主手從句，所以要選連詞.根據(jù)句意要選（2012高考新？I卷） made a proinise to myself _? Lar : my first year inhigh 牌ho, -ra be differentA. vvhertir B. v hat C that D. iiciv答案 C亮云我時自己許苒 今年也是我上中學(xué)的第一年將不同（于往年）2后面 的句子是前面諾言的內(nèi)容，所以選連詞dm引導(dǎo)同位語從句,50012高考江西卷） It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys id the