2022年承德護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年承德護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【2007.04】The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its _ considerably. A、distribution B、contribution C、prescription D、circulation【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。circulation：（書報(bào)雜志的）銷售量，發(fā)行額，銷路。符合句意。 第2題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】There is a difference between science an

2、d technology. _. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science

3、. A、Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B、We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. C、Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. D、Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; tec

4、hnology is a method of solving practical problems.【正確答案】D【答案解析】第一句總述了科學(xué)和技術(shù)是有差別的。缺空后是對(duì)兩者的分述，因此缺空處也應(yīng)是對(duì)兩者的分述，故選D。第3題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians (百歲老人) get asked all the time：“How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a

5、very friendly community A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。題目說的是“這五位百歲老人生活在一個(gè)非常友好的社區(qū)”，文章開頭部分提到了“community(社區(qū))”，但該句并沒有說這五位百歲老人生活的社區(qū)是否是一個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有提到。第4題【單選題】【2009.7】An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work _. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively D、responsi

6、bly【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查副詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】如果一個(gè)員工做工作總是認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，他就是完全可信賴的。【詳細(xì)解答】A 親自地; B 幾乎不; C 個(gè)別地; D 可靠地第5題【單選題】There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming _ an excess of it. A、other than B、rather than C、in place of D、instead【正確答案】B【答案解析】rather than 而不

7、是。other than 不同于，除了；in place of 代替；instead 代替。第6題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】As far as astronomers（天文學(xué)家） can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, w

8、ith their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe A、obeys different laws. B、obeys one common law. C、obeys the sa

9、me laws. D、obeys no common law.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答題依據(jù)在本段的第二句?？茖W(xué)家沒有理由懷疑宇宙中的物質(zhì)遵循同一法則，即他們相信宇宙中不同地方的物質(zhì)是遵循同一法則的。第7題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear ag

10、e.Q: Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。Fermi在1938年獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，四年以后才建立核連鎖反應(yīng)的。第8題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tentativ

11、e B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 不確定的、試探性的；B 正當(dāng)?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的；C 技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D 徹底的、十足的。第9題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your

12、 back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. _. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show youre unhappy! A、Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. B、If you ale feeling down, you norm

13、ally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. C、However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know youre not pleased. D、If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題可以采用線索詞來定位。空格處的前后兩個(gè)句子都是對(duì)arms在具體情況下具體動(dòng)作的描述。那么用以補(bǔ)充的句子也應(yīng)是如此，即選項(xiàng)A開朗的人

14、和沉默寡言的人手臂的動(dòng)作，符合條件。第10題【單選題】【概括大意】The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be give

15、n the label low IQ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph is _. A、Impact on School E

16、ducation B、A Changed View of Intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題使用了同義詞替換的選擇技巧，段落中主要講述的是智力本質(zhì)的現(xiàn)代簡(jiǎn)潔必定會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)校教育產(chǎn)生影響（bound to have some effect on our school system.），選項(xiàng)A中只是將名詞effect 換為impact。第11題【單選題】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont

17、judge a person by his appearance. A、bear B、put C、place D、print【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查詞匯題?！咀g文】 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢牢記?。翰灰悦踩∪恕Ｔ敿?xì)解答】牢記在心：bear in mind 或者keep in mind第12題【單選題】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be

18、measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance

19、tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Main Results of Recent Researches B、Popular Doubt about the New View C、Effect of Environment on Intelligence D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段提出了一個(gè)新的對(duì)智力的認(rèn)識(shí)，與過去一些年的傳統(tǒng)的

20、把智力看做是一種不變的能力的這種理解不同，它主張智力和人的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境有關(guān)。因此選擇C。第13題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants a

21、nd humans was taken.Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。利用“10，000”作為答案線索詞(因?yàn)槟甏ǔＪ怯脭?shù)字表示)，于是發(fā)現(xiàn)有句子提到當(dāng)生活在約一萬年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)從某些植物中可以收獲糧食，并且播種后下一個(gè)收獲季節(jié)還能產(chǎn)出更多的糧食時(shí)，就邁開了植物和人類聯(lián)系的第1 大步。第14題【單選題】【2008.04】New dri

22、vers are far more _ to have accidents than experienced drivers. A、possible B、likely C、probable D、unlikely【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。句子翻譯：新司機(jī)比起有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老司機(jī)出交通事故的可能性要大得多。 A. 可能（發(fā)生、存在）的; B. 有可能 be likely to ; C. 大概的、可能的; D不可能的 應(yīng)用舉例：Ill do everything possible to help you. 我會(huì)盡一切可能幫助你。He is likely to arrive a bit

23、late. 他有可能會(huì)晚到一會(huì)兒。第15題【單選題】【2008.10】It took a few seconds for her eyes to _ to the darkness. A、allocate B、adopt C、apply D、adjust【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?！咀g文】她花了幾秒鐘時(shí)間使眼睛適應(yīng)黑暗?！驹敿?xì)解答】A 分配，撥出 B 收養(yǎng)，過繼 C 應(yīng)用，申請(qǐng) D 調(diào)整，使適合第16題【單選題】【2009.01】You should help them_when your friends quarrel with each other. A、come in

24、to sight B、come to terms C、come into play D、come to power【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語的習(xí)慣用法。句意：當(dāng)你的朋友吵架時(shí)，你應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助他們協(xié)調(diào)一下。come into 或 come to 都表示進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）。A 映入眼簾；B. 達(dá)成協(xié)議，妥協(xié)；C 開始運(yùn)作；D. 上臺(tái)，開始掌權(quán)。 第17題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the Univ

25、ersity of Cambridge _. A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table（元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. B、The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates.” D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping

26、 to explain which ions react with which.【正確答案】C【答案解析】這一段是劍橋大學(xué)的Albert Galy的原話，我們可以從引導(dǎo)整個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)得出答案。即：“地學(xué)化學(xué)家們只想通過直覺判斷元素的活動(dòng)。我想等高線對(duì)學(xué)生們有好處”。第18題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the ind

27、ividual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their comm

28、itment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word “allegiance is closest in meaning to _. A、loyalty B、objective C、survival D、motive【正確答案】A【答案解析】解本題可用同類詞關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。在“allegiance”前后的兩個(gè)詞分別是commitment和 sacrifice，應(yīng)能判斷出這三個(gè)詞相對(duì)于國家而言是同一類詞，再利用排除法，不難選出正確答案A。第19題【單選題】【2009.10】The profit-sharing plan is designed to

29、 _ the staff to work hard. A、calculate B、demonstrate C、speculate D、motivate【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞語辨析?！咀g文】利潤(rùn)共享計(jì)劃目的是激發(fā)員工努力工作。A 計(jì)算、估算 B 證實(shí)、論證、演示 C思索、推測(cè) D 激勵(lì)、激發(fā)第20題【單選題】【2009.04】It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A、what B、which C、when D、that【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：大會(huì)什么時(shí)候召開還沒有決定。詳細(xì)解答：A

30、什么；B 哪一個(gè)；C 什么時(shí)候；D （無詞義）。第21題【單選題】This is _ good reading habits are not only an important study skill for the student, but also an important life skill for anyone. A、that B、why C、where D、when【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。分析句意，空格處用why比較好。why引導(dǎo)表語從句。第22題【單選題】The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from

31、_ in the living room. A、that B、it C、one D、which【正確答案】A【答案解析】題目意思：在她臥室里的家具與起居室的(家具)大不相同。本題是代詞選擇題。選擇指示代詞that 代替家具，避免重復(fù)。家具是不可數(shù)名詞。 第23題【單選題】【2009.10】Scientists doubt whether its _ to regulate ones biological clock by drinking. A、feasible B、incredible C、fashionable D、valuable【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分?？茖W(xué)家懷

32、疑通過喝酒來調(diào)整人體生物鐘是否可行。A 可行的、可能且合理的 B 不可相信的、難以置信的C 時(shí)髦的、時(shí)尚的 D 貴重的、寶貴的第24題【單選題】【2008.04】Anxiety can _ with childrens performance at school. A、refer B、prefer C、infer D、interfere【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞語辨析。句子翻譯為：焦慮可以妨礙孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校的表現(xiàn)。 A . refer to 提到、查閱、涉及；B. prefer to更喜歡； C. infer from（根據(jù)某事）推斷、推定； D. interfere with 擾亂、

33、妨礙。第25題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will ben

34、efit from taking in fewer calories partly because_. A、humans, worms and rodents are different. B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet. C、the effect is not known. D、genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題答案可從本段的最后一句話中找出。第26題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Now, there are

35、 about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.Q: At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確

36、答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。本段一開頭就說到目前在美國大約有二千四百萬臺(tái)微型電子計(jì)算機(jī)在使用中，平均每十人就擁有一臺(tái)。因此本題的表述是正確的。第27題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three j

37、obs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions? A、Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work. B、More jobs will b

38、e created by the union. C、More people will be employed than necessary. D、The unions will try to increase productivity.【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段開頭告訴讀者“there are more men than are neededwhen two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two”，接下來作者又進(jìn)一步說明其實(shí)質(zhì)，即它意味著“33 per cent ov

39、er manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained”。第28題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes_. The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that ab

40、out 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. B、In the United States，nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. C、This smoke

41、 is called secondhand smoke. D、No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正確答案】C【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸煙者時(shí)常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應(yīng)首選對(duì)此煙加以定義的句子。第29題【單選題】【2009.04】This is the first time that a woman has been_ to the post. A、granted B、praised C、pointed D、appointed【正確答案】D【答案解析】譯文：這是第一次任命一位婦女擔(dān)任此職位。試題分析：本題考查詞義

42、辨析。詳細(xì)解答：A 允許、同意；B 表揚(yáng)、贊揚(yáng)；C 指、指出；D 指定、任命、委任。第30題【單選題】【2009.7】The judge who was _ to his favorite was criticized by many people. A、partial B、fair C、strict D、frank【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞的意義區(qū)分。本題句意為：許多人批評(píng)了偏袒他自己喜愛（球隊(duì)或球員）的那個(gè)裁判員。A 偏袒的，不公平的；B 公正的；C 嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的； D 坦率的。第31題【單選題】【2009.01】Children have a natural_about

43、the world around them. A、certainty B、capability C、cleverness D、curiosity【正確答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子們對(duì)他們周圍的事物有著天然的好奇心?？疾槊~詞義選擇。A 確定性，肯定的事；B 能力，才能；C 精明，聰穎；D 好奇心，求知欲。 第32題【單選題】【2009.04】Dont trust everything _ you have read in the newspapers. A、which B、that C、as D、what【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查定語從句。譯文：不要相信你在報(bào)紙上讀到的每件事。定語從

44、句所修飾的先行詞是不定代詞everything，故選B。第33題【單選題】【2010.04】What her grandfather said left a _ impression on her mind. She still remembers it. A、final B、vague C、deep D、main【正確答案】C【答案解析】譯文：她爺爺說的事情給她留下深刻的印象，她仍然還記得。本題考查詞匯。形容詞意義區(qū)分題。final 最終的，vague 模糊的，deep 深的，main 主要的。第34題【單選題】【2007.04】It is difficult to _ the implic

45、ation between the lines. A、get to B、get with C、get at D、get down【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞組辨析。A. 開始，接觸； C. 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)； D. 下來，寫下來。 第35題【單選題】【2009.10】_ he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查狀語從句的從屬連詞?！咀g文】 盡管（雖然）他有許多朋友，但他常常感到孤獨(dú)。第36題【單選題】It was a small place the

46、n compared to _ it is now. A、what B、which C、little D、few【正確答案】A【答案解析】what it is是介詞to的賓語從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。compared to what it is now：與它現(xiàn)在的樣子相比。第37題【單選題】【2010.04】The spokesman occasionally _ his speech with gestures. A、acknowledges B、accompanies C、attributes D、anticipates【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞匯?！咀g文】這位發(fā)言人講演中偶爾伴有手

47、勢(shì)。第38題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP（人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the surveyChina was in the lower haft of the

48、 league at 60thQ: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。問題句說“美國位于前十個(gè)國家的行列”。The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. 該句說“美國的人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值排名第2，僅位于盧森堡之后，

49、因此美國在這項(xiàng)調(diào)查中位于第13位?！憋@然問題句的說法與該句的說法不一致，因此判斷問題句“錯(cuò)誤”。第39題【單選題】【2007.04】If the operation _ carefully prepared, it would not have been successful. A、was not B、has not been C、had not been D、were not【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。主句是對(duì)過去的虛擬，所以根據(jù)句意，條件狀語從句也應(yīng)該是對(duì)過去的虛擬，所以用had done的形式。句意：如果手術(shù)沒有經(jīng)過認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的準(zhǔn)備，它就不會(huì)成功。第40題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)

50、文】 Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working _. A、to take tiny chips we require B、to making chips any smal

51、ler C、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds D、of conducting electricity【正確答案】C【答案解析】這部分所說的體積的減小和所需時(shí)間的縮短恰好與前半句中提到的冰箱大小的體積和所需數(shù)分鐘的時(shí)間形成了對(duì)比。即：目前它大約像冰箱那么大，而且要用幾分鐘掃描一個(gè)電路，但是他們正在努力使它縮小到臺(tái)式計(jì)算機(jī)那么大，把掃描時(shí)間縮短到30秒。第41題【單選題】【2009.01】He has deep love for the people and_

52、loyalty to the country. A、intense B、initial C、instant D、imitative【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分。A 強(qiáng)烈的，極度的；B 最初的，開始的；C 立即的，即時(shí)的；D 模仿的，仿效的。形容loyalty，選A比較恰當(dāng)。第42題【單選題】This is _ good reading habits are not only an important study skill for the student, but also an important life skill for anyone. A、that B、why C

53、、where D、when【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。分析句意，空格處用why比較好。why引導(dǎo)表語從句。第43題【單選題】【2008.10】Never before _ so rapidly developing as it is today. A、has our country been B、has been our country C、our country has been D、our country been has【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查語法?！咀g文】我們國家從未像現(xiàn)在這樣高速發(fā)展?！驹敿?xì)解答】否定詞never在句首，該句子應(yīng)采用部分倒裝。第44題【單選題

54、】【填句補(bǔ)文】The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. _ by carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. A、The stock market had its worst losses ever B、Bui

55、ldings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat C、So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately D、The article was written in 1958【正確答案】C【答案解析】第一句說的是：預(yù)測(cè)未來很重要，不能像中學(xué)生那樣猜測(cè)。這一空的關(guān)鍵詞是experts，他們不同于中學(xué)生，他們的預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該是較為準(zhǔn)確的。第45題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Before you begin your

56、talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。文章說到：Avoid milk or

57、 creamy drinks which coat your throat. 避免喝牛奶和奶油飲料。第46題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmokers health. _. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amo

58、unts of these toxic （有毒的） chemicals in their bodies. A、The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. B、Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. C、We cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants. D、In the United States, nine million children und

59、er the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.【正確答案】B【答案解析】前一句講的是科學(xué)家們過去對(duì)二手煙的看法，接下來應(yīng)選表示他們改變觀點(diǎn)的句子，因?yàn)橄乱痪浔砻魉麄兯值挠^點(diǎn)已與過去截然不同。第47題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical constructio

60、n. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense