一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別課件(1)

1、(最新整理)一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)2021/7/261 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的區(qū)別2021/7/262（一）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的概念一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等表示過(guò)去的具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：He came here yesterday.2021/7/263現(xiàn)在完成

2、時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果常與ever， never， before , twice, already ,just， yet， so far， since, for ， up to now， in past years 等，皆不確定或模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如He has just broken his bottle.2021/7/264一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài). 通常與副詞sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a

3、day,等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。They usually go to school by bike.I take the medicine three times a day.She helps her mother once a week.He often watches Tv. Mary likes reading interesting stories Marys father is a policeman.There are 50 students in my class.2021/7/265(二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，主要說(shuō)明的是

4、現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài)；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).與過(guò)去沒(méi)有關(guān)系。例如：We havent seen him since last year. 我們自從去年以來(lái)一直未見到他（現(xiàn)在還未見到）We didnt see him last year. 我們?nèi)ツ隂](méi)見到他.（現(xiàn)在不一定未見到）I often see him.(現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常見到)2021/7/266）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在）的某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一特定（與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）的時(shí)間，與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

5、。例如：He has lived here since he was born. 自他出生以來(lái)一直居住在這兒。（since 自從以來(lái)，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，說(shuō)明他還居住在這兒。）Liu Mei went to see her grandmother last night . 劉梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只說(shuō)明昨晚）2021/7/267例如：We are good friends(現(xiàn)在情況) 我們是好朋友。I got to know him in 2005. (過(guò)去的動(dòng)作) 我在2005年認(rèn)識(shí)（結(jié)識(shí)）他We have known each other since 2005. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系

6、起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在) 自從2005年來(lái)我們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)。2021/7/268（三）值得注意幾個(gè)問(wèn)題）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，并且還在延續(xù)時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：We have studied English for two years. 我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)兩年了）指過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，但沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去過(guò)上海兩次）句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday ,last week, in 1960）時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。Tom wrote a letter to his paren

7、ts last night. 4）以When開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：When did you lose your pen? 你什么時(shí)候丟了鋼筆？2021/7/2695）just (剛剛）與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，just now (剛才）與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如：The train has just gone. 火車剛剛離開。The train left here just now. 火車是剛才離開。6）since 作介詞，后面跟時(shí)間名詞一起作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；since 作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。7）so far，in the last /

8、past 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。例如 ：So far，many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years， our lives have changed a lot.He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have known him since he was a child.2021/7/2610 (四） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)注意的四個(gè)區(qū)別 1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。 2）since 和 for 的區(qū)別。3）have / has gone to； have /

9、 has been to；have / has been in 的區(qū)別。4) already和yet 的區(qū)別2021/7/2611 A、leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up turn onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town finishbe over catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep be

10、gin /startbe on get /receive a letter fromhave a letter fromB、come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the Army-be in the Army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member（五）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納2021/7/2612He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 yea

11、rs / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2

12、hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year.

13、- He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化2021/7/2613He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a mont

14、h ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago.

15、 - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - I

16、t is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys)2021/7/2614for和since的運(yùn)用since表“自從以來(lái)”。1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 時(shí)間段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. 2021/7/2615for+ 時(shí)間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.例如： for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)）1. He

17、hasstayedherefor3hours.2. Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3. Hehasstayedheresince3oclock.4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.2021/7/2616Fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:We have had the new computer _ a week.How long have you studied English? I have studied English _ I was five.3. How long has

18、he taught in this school? He has taught in this school _ 1998.4. How long have you known each other? We have known each other _ over ten years.5. How long have you kept your pet dog? I have kept it _ two years ago. I have kept it _ two years.sincesinceforsinceforfor2021/7/2617James has been in Canad

19、a _ Monday.James has been in Canada _ four days.James came to Canada four days _.My aunt has lived in Brazil _ 15 years.My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _.She has lived in Brazil _ 15 years _.Mike has been in hospital _ October.Mike has been in hospital _ two monthsMike came to the hospital two mont

20、hs _He has been in hospital _ two months _填上since ,for或者ago.sinceforagoforagosince agosinceforagosince ago2021/7/2618They got married six months _. They has been married _ six months.They have been married _ 6 months _.I first met Susan two years _.I have known Susan _ two years.I have known Susan _

21、 two years ago.Sue is in the office. Shes been there _ three hours.Sue came to the office three hours _.Sue has been in the office _ 3 hours _.agoforsince agoagoforsinceforagosince ago2021/7/2619 have gone to have been to have been in去了某地，不在這里曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地,已回來(lái)呆在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）She isnt here. She has gone to the re

22、ading- room.She has been to Shanghai twice/once/before.She has been in Beijing for two years.2021/7/2620have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。 -Where is Tom?湯姆在哪里？ -He has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去了。Father has gone to Hong Kong. Hell be back in a week. 爸爸到香港去

23、了, 一星期后 回來(lái)2021/7/2621II. have (has) been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？梢耘cjust, ever, never等連用。I have just been to the post office. 我剛剛?cè)ミ^(guò)郵局。Tim has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？2021/7/2622have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。 I have been to Beijing three tim

24、es. 我去過(guò)北京三次。They have been to that Happy Valleys several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)歡樂(lè)谷好幾次了 2021/7/2623have (has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了 We have been in Shenzhen Middle School Junior Campus f

25、or over two months.我們?cè)谏钪谐踔胁績(jī)蓚€(gè)多月了.2021/7/2624用have/has gone to, have/has been to或have/has been in 填空。1.Bill is on holiday at the moment. He _ Spain.has gone to2. “Wheres Lily?” “Shes not here.I think she _ to the bank.”has gone to3. Hello, Sue. Where _ you _? _ you _ _ the bank?have beenHave been to

26、4. Tim is in hopital. He _ hospital for five days. has been in2021/7/26255. “How long _ she _ _ England?” “She _ _ _ England since Monday.” for three days. has been inhas been to6. My father _ _ _ Shanghai twice.has been in7. I can find Susan. Where _ she _?8. Oh, Hello Susan! I was looking for you.

27、 Where _ you _?has gone have been 2021/7/2626already和yet 的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑問(wèn)句或否定句末。但表驚訝時(shí)already也可用于疑問(wèn)句。例如：1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomework yet.3.What! Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?2021/7/2627Shall we eat lunch? I am _ hungry.Have you met our foreign teacher _

28、? No, not _.Has the bell rung _?Yes, It has _ rung.The computer has not been repaired _.We have _ changed the plan because Linda hasnt made up her mind _.Have you ordered the takeaway food _?Yes. We have _ ordered it.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFill in already or yet when needed202

29、1/7/2628 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、Tom has got up for half an hour.2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for three years.3、The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now

30、.6、How long have you caught a cold?7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.火眼金睛been upbeen inbeen atbeen asleepdidcleanhadhad2021/7/2629Multiple choice.( ) 1. Has your brother found his lost car _? - No, he hasnt. A. still B. already C. just D. yet( ) 2. The visitors _ here for a w

31、eek. A. have left B. have come C. have arrived D. have been( ) 3. Where _ you _ all these years, Jim? A. have, been B. did , be C. were, been D. did, stay( ) 4. Ive _ this dictionary _ a year. A. bought, for B. had, for C. bought, since D. had, sinceDDAB2021/7/2630( ) 5. You _ here before, _ you? A.

32、 never are, are B. never came, do C. have never been, have D. were never, were( ) 6. The doctor _ to Beijing twice. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes( ) 7. My mother has _ made a big mooncake herself. A. already B. yet C. just D. always( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He _ here for a month. A.has gone B. has left C. has been away from D. leftCBAC2021/7/2631( ) 9._you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Ha