醫(yī)學(xué)詞根詞綴(共7頁(yè))

1、1人體主要(zhyo)器官前綴名稱(mngchng)通用(tngyng)名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiologybrainencepholo-cerebral sribrlcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatologyhptld胃stomachgastro-gastricga

2、stritis/gastrointestinal/gastrologystrntstnl/膽gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy膽囊切除術(shù):l,bld ,klsstektm腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy腸切除術(shù)/enterology /ntrktm/脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pa

3、ncreatectomy pkrtk/腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin血紅蛋白/hematoma 血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular靜脈(jngmi)veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動(dòng)脈(dngmi)arteryarterio-arter

4、iology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng)(shnjng)nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron細(xì)胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital體bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chr

5、omosome3與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴數(shù)字前綴示例一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectionalbi-/di-bilateral/biphasic carbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral三角形/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer四聚物/tetracycline四環(huán)素/tetraplegia四肢麻痹五penta-pentagon五角形/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexa

6、chloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七h(yuǎn)epta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位數(shù)的表示(biosh)一般為：個(gè)位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）4顏色及與顏色有關(guān)(yugun)的前綴顏色(yns)通用名前綴示例色colo

7、rchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma黃色瘤藍(lán)bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis發(fā)紺/cyanopsia藍(lán)視癥/cyanemia紫violet/purple綠green棕br

8、ownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum緋紅crimson青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài)(bngti)-osis-oticneurosis神經(jīng)衰

9、弱(shnjngshuiru)癥/tuberculosis結(jié)核病/schistosomiasis增多(zn du)leukocytosis/ erythrocytosis/ granulocytosis減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無(wú)a-/an-atypical/anuria無(wú)尿/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/

10、macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly肝腫大復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困難/障礙dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥-itisappendicit

11、is ,pndsats 闌尾炎/bronchitis/arthritisrrats 關(guān)節(jié)炎瘤/塊-omalymphoma/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma,hmtom血腫血癥-emialeukemia/septisemia ,sptsim 敗血癥cteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemiplegia hmplid 偏癱/pamplegia pmpli:di 全癱 /myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea腹瀉(fxi)/hypermenorrhea ,menri:

12、 月經(jīng)過(guò)多/rhinorrhea,rainri: 鼻漏壞死(hui s)-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia結(jié)石(jish)litho-/-lithlithiasis lass 結(jié)石病/lithogenesis ,lidenisis 結(jié)石形成/cholelithes膽囊結(jié)石7與方位有關(guān)的前綴含義通用詞前綴示例上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium ,pilm上皮，上皮細(xì)胞 /supracostal,sju:prknstl肋上的下lower/inferiorinf

13、ra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous,sbkjtenjs皮下的前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial,postprndl 餐后的/retrocardiac內(nèi)inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalationnhle()n 吸入藥劑/endoscopy/entocranial,entkreinil顱內(nèi)的外

14、outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion排泄物/exocardial間betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative圍手術(shù)期/pericarditis/peritoneum腹膜中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反對(duì)oppositecounter-

15、/contra-counterpart/electrical countershock 電復(fù)律/contraindication,kntr,ndken禁忌癥注：invivo/invaivou/活體內(nèi)(t ni);invitro/invaitrou/活體(hu t)外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/insaitju:/8與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)(yugun)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切開(kāi)-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy ,hstrtmi 子宮切開(kāi)術(shù)/craniotomy切（割）-tometrach

16、eotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術(shù)-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng)trans-transadominal trnsbdmnl 經(jīng)腹的 /translateral /transurethral,trnzjrirl經(jīng)尿道的注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：or

17、tho-acid（正酸）-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-

18、saccharidepolysaccharide酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基(bn j)/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基(nj)amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10與“作用(zuyng)”有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例殺-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驅(qū)逐-fugefebrifuge fbr,fjd 退熱藥/centrifuge離心機(jī)抗-antiantibiotic ,ntbatk 抗生素/antimyc