非謂語動詞知識點(diǎn) -1

1、非謂語動詞一、非謂語動詞的概念 在句子中不是謂語的動詞）非謂語形式有三種：1.動詞不定式：to do表示目的和將來2、動詞的ing（動名詞）：doing表示主動和進(jìn)行3.動詞的過去分詞：done表示被動和完成二、非謂語使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞），又沒有連詞的情況下,還有一個動詞出現(xiàn)。She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.There have been several new events adde

2、d to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.三、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式ing形式過去分詞不定式ing形式過去分詞一般式主動to do被動 to be done主動doing被動 being done done完成式to have doneto have been done having done having been done進(jìn)行式to be doing四、非謂語動詞的做題步驟:1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了。2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動

3、關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關(guān)系。4、判斷時間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時。之前常 用done;之后常用to do;同時常用doing。-、作主語 （不定式和動名詞作主語）不定式作主語表示具體動作。 動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件的事或經(jīng)驗，不定式通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.To finish the task will take a long time.Smoking is bad for your health.S

4、moking so much is bad for your health.It only took me five minutes to finish the job.1)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk動名詞作主語的類型：置于句首Smoking is bad for your health.It 作 形式主語：It is no use telling him not to worry.常見結(jié)構(gòu)：it is dangerous your swi

5、mming here.It is no use asking her advice.It is a waste of time discussing such matters.不定式作主語的類型：置于句首:To finish the task will take a long time.It作形式主語：常見結(jié)構(gòu)：it is +adj.+of/for sb. to doIt is necessary for him to return the book.It is clever of you to have invented such a device.難點(diǎn)1：動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當(dāng)動名詞有自

6、己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（這 時，名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語），動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)頁可以在句中作主語Their coming to help us was a great encouragement to us.難點(diǎn)2：不定式、動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)It is an honor fbr me to be asked to speak here.It is clever of you to have invented such a device.Being awarded with a Nobel Prize is a great hono

7、r.翻譯：,處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗。（2009-76）.做戶外運(yùn)動能使我們從工作和生活的壓力中擺脫出來并使我們更有活力（2008寫作）。（freefrom）.對他們來說從網(wǎng)上購物很方便。（2009寫作-shopping online）二作表語1）、不定式、動名詞作表語，表示主語的內(nèi)容。如：My job is teaching English.My job is to teach English, （teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的內(nèi)容）2）、分詞作表語：記?。阂恍┍硎厩楦?、情緒的動詞，常用分詞形式作表語：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)特征，用過去分詞表示主 語

8、的狀態(tài)。常用動詞：surprising （令人吃驚），surprised （主語）感到吃驚）類似動詞有：excite （激動），disappoint （失望），move （感動）等V-ing與Ved作表語的區(qū)別The football game is very（bore）We were（bore） at the football game.） She felt rather that she shouldnt drive the car at such aspeed.A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightenedC. frighteni

9、ng, frightenedD. frightened, frightening還可用在seem/ remain （仍然是，尚待）等連系動詞后作表語難點(diǎn)：非謂語動詞的的時態(tài)和語態(tài)如： He seemed （to be ） very happy.He seems to have read the book before.The question remains to be solved.It remains whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals（決賽）.A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see

10、Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing. but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face.A. Losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lostIn April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuckThe engin

11、e just wont start. Something seems wrong with it.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone三(不定式、動名詞)作賓語My sister likes but she doesnt like this afternoon.A. swimming . to swimB. to swim . swimmingC. swimming . to swimmingD. swim . Swimming1、有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語：(教材46頁)決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動容許選計劃，同意請求幫一

12、幫。2、有些及物動詞常用動名詞作賓語：(教材49頁)考慮建議盼原諒，成認(rèn)推遲沒得想。防止錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。另，動名詞也作介詞的賓語，構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作定語，狀語或表語Mans dream of flying in space has come true.接動名詞的短語：spend / waste time . in doing sth.在花費(fèi)或浪費(fèi)時間或錢have some difficulty /trouble / problems( in )doing 在做 有困難 look forward to 盼望，de vote. to 致力于、獻(xiàn)身于，

13、be used to 習(xí) 慣于等難點(diǎn)：動名詞的時態(tài)(1)動名詞的一般式(v.ing)表示的動作通常與謂語動詞的動作同時或其后發(fā)生Children enjoy watching cartoons.Do you remember cutting rice on the farm?(2)動名詞的完成式(having-done)表示的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生He is proud of having won the first prize.I regret having told her the news.動名詞的被動語態(tài)當(dāng)動名詞邏輯上的主語時動名詞所表示的動作對象時，動名詞要用它的被動式。(being

14、 done/ having been done)I remember being taken to the zoo.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.Those who felt like the story again came over and added themselves to the audience. (2007-29)A. being heard B. to be heard C. to hearD. hearingNo one likes in public.A. to laugh at

15、B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. to be laughed. The manager is considering another secretary.A. to hireB. hiring C. to take on D. to employAs a new driver, I have to practise the car in my small garage again and again.A. parking B. to parkC. parkedD. parkThe student entered the office without.A

16、. being asked B. asking C. ask D. to be asked25. The young man still denies the fire behind the store. (2008-25)A.to start B. to starting C. having started D. having been started39.1 appreciate to your home. (2012-39)A) to have invitedB) to be invited C) having invitedD) being invited25. When I am h

17、aving a nap at noon, I hate by other people(2018-25)A) being disturbedB) being interruptedC) being involvedD) being interfered.I must apologize for ahead of time.Thafs all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know3、接不定式和接動名詞意義不同的動詞：remember

18、 to do t己得去做 remember doing t己得做過；forget to do 忘t己去做 forget doing 忘t己做過regret to do遺憾去做regret doing后悔做過try to do設(shè)法去做try doing試著做，go on to do做完某事接著做另一件事 go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事mean to do打算做mean doing意味著做 stop to do停下來去做 stop doing停止做cant help (to) do 不能幫助做cant help doing 忍不住做In some parts of London, missi

19、ng a bus means for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waitingShe didnt remember him before. A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having metGo on the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. With D. to be doing4)You were brave enough to raise object

20、ions at the meeting.Well, now I regret that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneDont forget the book to the library when you finish it.A. to return; reading B. to give back; to read C. returning; reading D. returning; to read4、need, want, require需要+do加g (用動詞ing主動形式表被動)The classroo

21、m is so dirty that it needs badly. A. clean B. to clean C. being cleaned D. cleaning四、作賓語補(bǔ)足語1、有些及物動詞后常有不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣意義才能完整。(教材47頁)如：ask sb to do sth (sb作賓語，to do sth作賓補(bǔ)，賓語+賓補(bǔ)=復(fù)合賓語)類彳以動詞有：tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid (禁止)，warn (警告), rem

22、ind, teach, call on (號召)，would like / love (想要),prefer, wish, expect, hope (不帶復(fù)合賓語)2.使役動詞后(作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語形式)(1)使役動詞后接不帶to的不定邦let / make / have sb do sth.譯成“使某人做某事” “讓某人做注：get sb to do sth.使役動詞的被動語態(tài)常用：be made to do sth.Eg, Though he had often made his little sister, today he was made by his little sister.A.

23、 cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry(2)使役動詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞的區(qū)別：have句型： have sb do sth使/讓/叫某人干某事have sb/ sth doing使某人某物持續(xù)的做某事，have sth done表示兩種意義：A.請別人做，而不是主語做；B.意外事故引起的，“使遭受.”Tom had his leg broken while playing football.湯姆在踢足球時，傷 了腿。如： He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer

24、as he had had his watch.A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair（2）Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve I have had my bike,and Fm going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.A. repair; to r

25、epair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairingget句型： get sb to do sth使/讓/叫某人干某事get sb/ sth doing使某人/物開始動起來get sth done使某事被做如:He tried to get the car moving. 他盡力讓車發(fā)動起來make句型：Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear

26、C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard I can make you what I say, but you can9t make yourself in English.A. understand; understand B. understand; understoodC. to understand; understand D. understand; to be understood3、感官動詞后作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語形式：感官動詞：feel, see, hear, watch, notice ,find （發(fā)現(xiàn)），catch（撞見）用

27、法：感官動詞+ sb + do / doing / being done/ done （分別表示全過程/正在發(fā)生/正在被動進(jìn)行/被動完成）。I saw her cross the road.I saw her crossing the road.I found this city greatly changed.Ex:They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growingD. to growThe missing boy was last seen near the

28、 river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to playI heard an English song by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.A. being sungB. singingC. singD. to singfind + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)（doing / done） , keep + 賓+doing, catch sb + doing （撞見某人在做），smell sb +doing （發(fā)覺到某人在做）She found a wallet lying on the

29、 ground. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)一只錢包在地上。Both doors were found locked.如：1） He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a pas sager.A. putB. to be putting C . to put D. puttingA cook will immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smokeD. smoked4、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： with+賓+賓補(bǔ)（to d

30、o表示將來，doing表示主動和進(jìn)行，done表示被動 和完成。如：1） The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tiedThe girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes on the wall.A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixing D. to be fixed3)1 live in the house with its door

31、to the south. A. facing B. faces C. faced D. being facedThey pretended to be working hard all night with their lights.A. burn B. burnt C. burning D. to burnJohn received an invitation to dinner, and with his work, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished5、句型：

32、 It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that-e .可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb / sth be said / reported/known/believed to have done sth.如： Robert is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying34. - Does Jane still pursue her dream of becoming a movie

33、star?-Im afraid not. She is said the stage already as she got married. (2009-34)A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be leftEX：) Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left.A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked. Listen! Do you hear someone for help?A. calling B. call C.

34、to call D. calledThey use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.A. being run B. run C. to run D. runningTo learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak5)一Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?Just a minute. Til have Bob you to

35、 your room.A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing6)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English (improve) in a short period.五、作定語一、三個非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別：(1)不定式作定語：不定式須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。I have a lot of homework to do.Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common aim.*

36、注意：修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級或the only, the right等詞多有動詞不定式。He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal.He was the only one to survive the plane crash.當(dāng)修飾的名詞是 ability, chance, attempt, decision, intention, promise 等時，后面常用不定式 1) -The last one pays the meal.-Agreed!A. arrivedB. arriv

37、esC. to arriveD. arriving(2)動名詞作定語Reading materialTeaching method現(xiàn)在分詞作定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。單個的分詞常放名詞前，分詞短語常放短語后Boiling waterThe girl standing under the tree.過去分詞作定語。單個的分詞常放名詞前，分詞短語常放短語后Boiled waterThe book written by Tom.二、三種形式時態(tài)和語態(tài)的區(qū)別：動作表將來，主動時用to do動作表將來，被動時用 to be done例如：the building to be built next year

38、動作正在進(jìn)行，主動或不及物動詞時用doing動作正在進(jìn)行，被動時用 being donethe building being built now動作已完成，表被動時用done；不及物動詞 只表動作完成 the building built last year.1) Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repairedA great number of students said

39、 they were forced to practise the piano.A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioningThe play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being produced C. to be producedD. having been producedMrs. White showed her students some old maps from the library.A. to

40、 borrowB. to be borrowed C. borrowedD. borrowingI have a lot of readings before the end of this term.A. completingB. to complete C. completedD. being completedEX:25. The commercial center will be the most magnificent one in the city. (2013-25)A) built B) to be built C) be building D) having been bui

41、ltTsinghua University,in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. founding C. foundedD. to be founded3)The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A. selecting B. to selectC. selectedD. having selectedIm calling to enquire about the

42、position in yesterday*s China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertisingD. having advertised翻譯：我被來自趙先生家的噪聲惹惱(be annoyed by)。2011-a letter of complaint. Im writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a managerial assistant.六、作狀語(一)不定式作狀語不定式作目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語目的： eg. She had to s