醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)英文版教學(xué)課件：緒論

1、Medical Microbiology Chapter 1 Introduction Micro-organism -are generally regarded as living forms that are microscopic in size and simple, usually unicellular in structure 光學(xué)顯微鏡電子顯微鏡Classification 1) Non-cellular type 2) Prokaryotic type 3) Eukaryotic type 1) Non-cellular type (acellular) no cellul

2、ar structure parasite in living cell only contain DNA/RNA, protein virus, prion核酸蛋白質(zhì) 2) Prokaryotic type cell wall , cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleoid Bacterium (細(xì)菌) Chlamydia (衣原體) Mycoplasma (支原體) Rickettsia (立克次體) Spirochete (螺旋體) Actinomycete (放線菌) Bacterium SpirochetesActinomycetesChlamydia

3、RickettsiaEukaryotic type cell wall, cell membrane, nuclear FungiFungus FungusDistribution of Microbes 1 . In environments. 2 . In human organisms Normal flora Conditioned pathogen Pathogenic microorganism Microbiology1.research objective-pathogenic M. 1) biological properties 2) pathogenesis and im

4、mune response 3) diagnosis and protection 2. History Leeuwenhock: invent Microscope in 1676 . Pasteur : pasteurization , Vaccine Koch : solid medium purify Pathogenic microbe criterion Ivanovsky: virus Jenner : swinepox vaccine Fleming，F(xiàn)lorey: PenicellinLeeuwenhock(1632-1723) Louis Pasteur(1822-1895

5、) Proof that microbes are reproduced from parent organisms, and do not result from spontaneous generation. From basic work begun in these laboratories came proof of the germ theory of disease, which transformed medical practice; vaccines for virulent diseases, including anthrax and rabies; solution

6、of many industrial biochemical problems; and founding of the famed Pasteur Institute Robert Koch Germany 1843-1910 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905特殊的病原菌應(yīng)在同一種疾病中查見，在健康人中不存在；該特殊病原菌能被分離培養(yǎng)得純種；該純培養(yǎng)物接種至易感動(dòng)物，能產(chǎn)生同樣病癥；自人工感染的實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物體內(nèi)能重新分離得該病原菌純培養(yǎng)。BeijerinckIvanovski Jenner inoculating his 18 mont

7、hs oldson with swinepox. His son will die of TB when he is 20. Jenner inoculating his 18 months oldson with swinepox. His son will die of TB when he is 20. Jenner inoculating his 18 months oldson with swinepox. His son will die of TB when he is 20. Getting the jab. Jenner inoculates an 8 year old bo

8、y named James Phipps with cowpox. The boy will die of TB at 21.Alexander Fleming Howard Florey 3. Modern Microbiology 1) Most bacteria were controlled by antibiotics. 2) Drug-resistant strain 3) Normal floraopportunistic pathogens Hospital acquired infections. 4) New pathogen: Hpchronic gastritis. H

9、IV-AIDS Coronavirus-SARS 5) Viral research made progress. 6) New diagnostic techniques . 7) New type vaccine . 8)Microbial genomic program, MGP . 9) Proteomics (protein+genome)1954年1966年1969年1975年1976年1976年1997年1989年2005年，兩澳大利亞醫(yī)生馬歇爾和沃倫因23年前發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致胃炎和胃潰瘍的幽門螺桿菌登上榮譽(yù)高峰。 2008 ，德國(guó)科學(xué)家楚爾郝森和兩位法國(guó)科學(xué)家巴雷-西諾希和路克-蒙塔尼

10、埃。德國(guó)科學(xué)家因發(fā)現(xiàn)人乳頭淋瘤病毒引發(fā)子宮頸癌獲此殊榮，兩名法國(guó)科學(xué)家因發(fā)現(xiàn)人類免疫缺陷病毒獲此殊榮。 我國(guó)著名的微生物學(xué)家黃幀祥（1910-1987），中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士，病毒學(xué)家。在世界上首創(chuàng)病毒體外培養(yǎng)新技術(shù)。黃幀祥早在1943年就利用雞胚組織塊在試管內(nèi)進(jìn)行病毒傳代、定量滴定及中和試驗(yàn)，為現(xiàn)代病毒學(xué)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。湯飛凡（18971958） 微生物學(xué)家，中國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)部委員，兩院院士。1955年成功分離出砂眼病毒，世界醫(yī)學(xué)界稱之為“湯氏病毒”。黃翠芬 中國(guó)工程院院士，微生物、免疫及遺傳工程專家；山醫(yī)微生物教研室創(chuàng)始人。 1950年回國(guó)后，黃翠芬與丈夫周廷沖一同來到山東醫(yī)學(xué)院。那年，黃翠芬還不滿30歲，醫(yī)學(xué)院把籌建微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室的任務(wù)交給她。在以后的3年里，她將心血全部用在了實(shí)驗(yàn)室的建設(shè)上。 洪濤中國(guó)工程院院士，病毒學(xué)家。1955年山東醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)本科畢業(yè)。 山醫(yī)