應(yīng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

1、 應(yīng)掌握的詞和技術(shù)用語(yǔ)decompose分解；腐爛hardness硬度vaporpressure蒸汽壓meltingpoint熔點(diǎn)boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)structure結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson1.Element元素；（單，基）元composition組成evaporate蒸發(fā)；使脫水sample樣品；實(shí)例appearance出現(xiàn)；外觀thermometer溫度計(jì)sodiumchloride氯化鈉Lesson2valenceelectron價(jià)電子chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵ionicbond離子鍵covalentbond共價(jià)鍵configuration構(gòu)型；排列；組態(tài)electronegati

2、vity電負(fù)性electrostaticforce電價(jià)鍵；離子鍵polarsolvent極性溶劑noblegas稀有氣體electronpair電子對(duì)bondingelectron成鍵電子positivecharge正電荷negativecharge負(fù)電荷dipolemoment偶極矩Lesson3Acid酸Base堿metallicoxide甲基橙electrolyte電解質(zhì)chemicalformula化學(xué)式acidanhydride酸酐acidradical酸根proton質(zhì)子hydroniumion氫氧離子，氫氧根ionization離子化；電離coordinatebond配位鍵int

3、ermolecularforce分子作用力volatility揮發(fā)度viscosity粘度surfacetension表面張力solubility溶解度dipole-dipoleforce偶極-偶極力，取向力inductionforce誘導(dǎo)力dispersionforce分散力，色散力hydrogenbond氫鍵polarizability極化率electroniccloud電子云nonbondingelectron最外層電子ether醚a(bǔ)queoussolution水溶液characterize表征；以.。為特征litmuspaper石蕊試紙indicator指示劑dye染料neutrali

4、zation中和evaporation蒸發(fā)crystallattice晶格crystal結(jié)晶；晶體Anion陰離子oxidationstate含氧陰離子acidsalt酸式鹽basicsalt堿式鹽normalsalt中性鹽Lesson4Nomenclature命名；術(shù)語(yǔ)atomicnumber原子序數(shù)Table4.1(exceptforAs,Be,Bi,Ga,Ge,Mo,Se,Sn,W)Table4.2ligand配合基；配體carbonyl羰基；羰基合（物）Table1NamesofSomeCommonElementsSymbolNameSymbolNameSymbolNameAgSilv

5、erCoCobaltNiNickelAlAluminiumCrChromiumOOxygenAsArsenicCuCopperPPhosphorusAugoldFFluorinePbLeadBboronFeIronPdPalladiumBaBariumHHydrogenPtPlatinumBiBismuthHgMercurySSulfurBrBromineIIiodineSeSeleniumCCarbonKPotassiumSiSiliconCaCalciumMgMagnesiumSnTinCdCadmiumMnManganeseTiTitaniumCeCeriumNNitrogenUUran

6、iumClChlorineNaSodiumZnZincTabiejomeCommonJNegativeJonsNameSymbolNameSymbolNitrateNO3-NitriteNO-2CarbonateCO32-SulphiteSO占SulphateSO2-4PhosphitePO33-PhosphatePO3-4ArseniteAsO33-HydrogensulphateHSO-4HydrogensulphiteHSO3-Hydrogencarbonatehco3-Hypo-chloriteClO-ArsenateAsO3-4CyanideCN-IodateIO3-IodideI-

7、ChlorateClO3-FluorideF-ChromateCrO：ChlorideCl-DichromateCrQPBromideBr-PerchlorateClO-4SulphideS2-PermanganateMnO-4OxideO2-AcetateOAc-HydrideH-OxalateC2O42-24HydroxideOH-triplebond叁鍵olefin（鏈）烯（烴）fattyacid脂肪酸benzene苯derivatives衍生的；衍生物phenyl苯基naphthalene萘aryl芳基（的）lactone內(nèi)酯conjugateddoublebond共軛雙鍵functi

8、onalgroup官能團(tuán)aldehyde（乙）醛ketone酮carboxylicacid羧酸Lesson5Synthesize合成halogen鹵素aliphaticcompound脂肪族的化合物alicycliccompound脂環(huán)族的化合物aromaticcompound芳香族的化合物heterocycliccompound雜環(huán)族的化合物alkylhalide烷基hydrocarbon烴（類），碳?xì)浠衔铮悾゛lkane烷烴alkene烯烴alkyne炔烴acetylene乙炔ethylene乙烯doublebond雙鍵Lesson6Substituent取代基straightchai

9、n直鏈branchedchain支鏈Table6.1（C1C20）sidechain側(cè)鏈mainchain主鏈cycloalkane環(huán)烷烴propylene丙烯1,3-butadiene1，3丁二烯Isoprene異戊二烯vinyl乙烯基allyl烯丙基aromatichydrocarbon芳香烴toluene甲苯xylene二甲苯arene芳烴ortho,meta,para鄰，間，對(duì)styrene苯乙烯pyridine吡啶pyrrole吡咯furan呋喃thiophene噻吩Table6.1（C1C20）甲烷methane十一烷undecane乙烷ethane十二烷dodecane丙烷pro

10、pane十三烷tridecane丁烷butane十四烷etradecane戊烷pentane十五烷pentadecane己烷hexane十六烷hexadecane庚烷heptane十七烷heptadecane辛烷octane十八烷octadecane壬烷nonane十九烷nonadecane癸烷decane二十烷eicosaneLesson7parentcompound母體化合物glycol二醇ethyleneglycol乙二醇glycerol甘油；丙三醇ester酯acylhalide?；uamide酰胺imide酰亞胺nitrile腈hydroperoxide氫過(guò)氧化物imine亞胺per

11、oxide過(guò)氧化物phenol苯酚naphthol萘酚hydroquinone氫醌，對(duì)苯二酚alkoxygroup烷氧基團(tuán)tetrahydrofuran四氫呋喃acetone丙酮benzophenone二苯酮adipicacid已二酸phthalicacid鄰苯二酸isophthalicacid間苯二酸t(yī)erephthalicacid對(duì)苯二甲酸maleicanhydride順丁烯二酸N,N-dimethylformamideN,N二甲基甲酰胺Lesson8organometalliccompound有機(jī)金屬化合物reactivity反應(yīng)性（能力）synthesis合成nucleophile親核

12、試劑reduction減少；還原Lesson9polymer高分子化合物plastics塑料fiber纖維Nylon尼龍，聚酰胺纖維Macromolecule大分子Monomer單體polymerization聚合（反應(yīng)）mechanism機(jī)理additionpolymerization加聚；加成聚合condensationpolymerization縮聚反應(yīng)initiator發(fā)起者；引發(fā)劑freeradical自由基cation陽(yáng)離子reactivecenter活化中心esterification酯化（作用）catalyst催化劑Appendix1condenser冷凝器balance天平b

13、eaker燒杯chromatographycolumn層析柱Grignardreagent格氏試劑yield生產(chǎn)，出產(chǎn)，收率stability穩(wěn)定性conjugatedacid共軛酸chainpolymerization鏈?zhǔn)骄酆蟬teppolymerization逐步聚合silk蠶絲cellulose纖維素leather皮革chemicalmodification化學(xué)誘發(fā)劑backbonechain主鏈thermoplasticpolymer熱塑性聚合物thermosettingpolymer熱固性聚合物elastomer彈性體resin樹脂strength強(qiáng)度f(wàn)ilament長(zhǎng)絲；單絲adh

14、esives黏著的；黏合劑sealant密封劑droppingfunnel滴液漏斗filterpaper濾紙fumehood通風(fēng)廚graduatedcylinder量筒oilbath油浴pipet移液管rotaryevaporator旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)器one-neck(round)flask單口燒瓶separatoryfunnel分液漏斗testtube試管two-neck(round)flask三口燒瓶；二頸瓶thermometer恒溫箱three-neckflask三頸燒瓶oven烤箱waterbath水浴Lesson10recipe處方，配方thinlayerchromatography(TLC

15、)薄層色譜purity純凈；純度stationaryphase固定相mobilephase流動(dòng)相polarity極性baseline基線highperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相層析法flowrate流量detector檢測(cè)器refractiveindex折光指數(shù)retentiontime停留時(shí)間qualitativeanalysis定性分析quantitativeanalysis定量分析calibration校準(zhǔn)，標(biāo)定gaschromatography氣相色譜adsorption吸附(作用)resolution分辨率，(能力)massspectrometry質(zhì)譜儀spectrum光譜ultravioletspectroscopy紫外線光譜chromophore發(fā)色團(tuán)nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy核磁共振光譜法Lesson11apparatus儀器simpledistillation簡(jiǎn)單蒸餾fractionaldistillation分餾vacuumdistillation真空蒸餾purification提純Lesson12extraction提?。惠腿erosene煤油paraffin石蠟lubricatingoil潤(rùn)滑油coaltar煤焦油activitycoefficient活