屆語法復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞作狀語課件

1、 高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)非謂語作狀語 分成兩個課時講解 非謂語動詞作狀語課件(i) 本節(jié)課的復(fù)習(xí)目標：1。掌握非謂語動詞的各種形式的構(gòu)成。2。通過講解與練習(xí)、觀察對比感悟，掌握動詞不定式、動詞-doing和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。3。能夠在語法填空中準確判斷充當狀語，并恰當?shù)靥罘侵^語動詞形式。4。能夠在閱讀文章中正確理解非謂語動詞充當狀語的用法。5。能夠在寫作中正確使用非謂語動詞作狀語來造句。Task1.學(xué)會判斷非謂語動詞一、考一考。判斷下列句子里的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。1。He is going over his students homework now.2. His job is tea

2、ching English.二、定義動詞的謂語形式既有單復(fù)數(shù)，又有時態(tài)、語態(tài)上的變化非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。無人稱單復(fù)數(shù)變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。不能單獨作謂語。三、非謂語使用條件一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.四、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂與非謂”1. _many times , but he s

3、till couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been toldC_A五、填詞：1）_ ( study) hard, you will pass the entrance exam.2)_ ( study) hard, and you will pass StudyingStudyTask2.掌握非謂語動詞的各種形式A. 不定式復(fù)習(xí)主動式被動式一般式進行式完成式完成進行

4、式to do to be doing to have doneto have been doing to be doneto have been doneB. the Gerund（分詞） 主動形式被動形式 一般式 完成式 (not ) doing(not ) being done(not ) having done (not ) having been done C.過去分詞只有一種形式：done原形 過去分詞dodone非謂語動詞的主動與被動形式主動形式被動形式不定式ing形式過去分詞一般式完成式進行式完成進行式一般式完成式 to do to have done to be writing

5、 to have been writing to be done to have been done doing having done being done having been done done不定式Task3.了解非謂語動詞在句子中的功能或作用非謂語動詞在句子中的功能或作用，也就是說非謂語動詞在句子中可以充當什么成分。 成分類別主語賓語表語賓補狀語定語To dodoingdone充當除謂語動詞以外的各種句子成分.5.6.The function 主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞Task4.非謂語動詞作狀語的區(qū)別 成分類別目的原因結(jié)果伴隨時間條件To dodo

6、ingdone非謂語充當哪種狀語比較.5.6.7。讓步I.判斷下列動詞不定式充當哪種狀語。1.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 2.The chemical fertilizers are good enough to keep the crops free from sickness. 3. I am sorry to hear your mother i

7、s ill. 4. To study English well , we must practise everyday.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語原因狀語目的狀語II.判斷下列現(xiàn)在分詞充當哪種狀語。1.Following the doctors advice, you wont fall into trouble. . 2. He walked home, singing his favourite song. 3. Drinking a lot at the party, he wasnt drunk.4. Having been checked twice, the papers were hand

8、ed in. 條件狀語伴隨狀語讓步狀語時間狀語III.判斷下列過去分詞充當哪種狀語。1.The disabled boy walked across the street, supported by two young men.2. Disturbed by the noisy crowd, the old man couldnt fall asleep. 3. Although invited, he didnt attend the party.4. The teacher stood there surrounded by many students方式狀語原因狀語讓步狀語伴隨狀語 Al

9、l of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.2009北京卷A. present B. presentedC. being presentedD. to present【解析】考查非謂語的用法。通過句意可知要用不定式作狀語表目的。為了更好的展示信息。所以答案為:D 考一考：動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的比較I.作目的狀語, 用動詞不定式。1. He got up early in order to catch the bus. 2. He got up early so

10、as to catch the bus. 3. He got up early to catch the bus.=To / In order to catch the bus, he got up early.所有的非謂語動詞都可以在句子中充當狀語，其區(qū)別在：（1）.不定式（短語）常在句子中作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語，常見句式有：A.目的：to do sth.; in order to do sth.; so as to do sth.B.結(jié)果：so + adj. /adv. + as to do sth.; such + n. + as to do sth.; enough to do sth

11、.; tooto do sth.; only to do sth. C.原因：be happy / glad / sorry / sad ,etc. + to do sth. His father who was a millionaire died, _him a lot of money. A. having leaving B. leaving B. to leave D. left BII.現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式充當結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別考一考：only to do 結(jié)果1) I went to his house, only to find he was out. 我到他家，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在。

12、表示出乎意料之外的結(jié)果。2) He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces 他讓杯子滑落，導(dǎo)致杯子破碎。 表示結(jié)果符合邏輯性、自然結(jié)果。His mother died, _(使他成為一個孤兒）He went to the railway station, _ (卻得知火車已經(jīng)開了） leaving him an orphanonly to be told that the train had left完成下列句子：III.動詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語的區(qū)別1.Being ill, he couldnt go to school.doing動作的原因2

13、.Nice to see you.不定式感受的原因完成下列句子：Im so glad _(見到你）. Bye-by！We got up early _(為了趕上早班車to have seen youso as to catch the early bus現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1. _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非

14、謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動詞用過去分詞，選B。B考一考：2. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建卷) A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，其后有

15、賓語，故與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞，選A。A完成下列句子1._(沒有完成作業(yè)),Tom was forbidden to watch TV.2._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter.3._(被邀請參加舞會), Mary felt excited.4.The difficult maths problem _(很難算出）.Not having finished his homework,Being painted Having been invited to the ball,is difficult

16、 to work out2014屆高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)非謂語部分（II) 2014.12.9Step1.回顧上節(jié)課非謂語動詞1。學(xué)會謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別。2。了解動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的各種形式以及在句子中充當什么成分。3。了解動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在句子中充當什么類型的狀語并學(xué)會判斷其類型。4。動詞不定式充當目的狀語以及充當結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語與分詞充當狀語的區(qū)別。Step2.非謂語動詞在高考中的應(yīng)用I.非謂語動詞在高考基礎(chǔ)寫作中的應(yīng)用。The Chinese government has decided that smoking be banned indoor publi

17、c places all over the country. This decision, which will be carried out from January 1, 2011, aims to bring a complete smoke-free indoor environment. In order to achieve this goal, no-smoking signs will be put up in all indoor public places. Statistics show that China has approximately 350,000,000 s

18、mokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women. Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, causing 100,000 deaths a year. Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of the school children in China.

19、According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness. So he suggested that school children

20、 avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.II.在寫作中巧用非謂語動詞 （1） 使用現(xiàn)在分詞。如： 原We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess. 改After a sh

21、ort rest， we had great fun singing and dancing， telling jokes and playing chess. （2） 使用過去分詞。如： 原He was satisfied with the result. He decided to go on with a new experiment 改 Satisfied with the result， he decided to go on with a new experiment. III.將下列狀語從句改為非謂語 短語作狀語： 1. Because she was moved by the

22、hero, she decided to study harder.Moved by the hero,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.Finding the door locked,3.He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time 小結(jié)好句子的標準應(yīng)是： 用詞準確、邏輯清晰、簡潔明了、可讀性強;還有多樣性。非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)在高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中占有比較大的分量，在寫作中，靈活運用該結(jié)構(gòu)不但能使文字簡練，而且也能減少中式英語的感覺

23、?？疾榉侵^語動詞可能有以下幾種情況：with +賓語+非謂語動詞；ing形式做定語或狀語；ed形式做定語或狀語；連詞+ing/ed 形式。 Step3.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別I. 分詞作狀語在形式上的選擇（在時間差上確定） 形式 意義 1.doing 2. having done3. being done4. having been done5. done 與句中的主語在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，與句中謂語同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生 與句中的主語在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生 與句中的主語在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，與謂動同時發(fā)生，一般做原因于句首 與句中的主語在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系, 且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生

24、與句中的主語在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，時間性不確定.（與現(xiàn)在分詞比較，一般指完成，過去） 1. _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動詞用過去分詞，選B。BII.考一考：2. In

25、April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建卷) A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，其后有賓語，故與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞，選A。A1. _the old man, we went upstairs. we followed (跟著那個老

26、人, 我們上去了)2. _by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were followed) (被那個老人跟著, 我們上去了)III.CompareFollowing Followed鞏固練習(xí)：1. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. Followed B. Followed byC. Being followed D. having been followed2. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. followed B.

27、 followingC. to be followed D. being followedBBDifference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time, the book looks old.1.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊._ the book, I find it useful. 2.在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用. _ (look) at her, he jumped with joy._(look) at by her, he jumped with joy.UsedUs

28、ingLookingLooked注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。解題技巧小結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的兩大差別1、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的最大差別在于語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。2、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的第二大差別在時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成。確定分詞的使用的具體步驟1、根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定分詞的語法成分2、找準邏輯主語3、判斷主、被動關(guān)系4、指出非謂語的動作是發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前還是之后，從而確定考慮用完成式還是一般式。5. 最后選定現(xiàn)在或過去分詞。注意事項：I.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動完成式的比較

29、 在句中作狀語時，一般情況下可互換。但不強調(diào)時間先后，只強調(diào)動作的被動時，用過去分詞，不用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式。如：Caught (Having been caught) in the rain, he was all wet.Having been shown in the labs, we went home hurriedly.(強調(diào)時間先后、完成)II. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。 1）Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.2）Seeing from the

30、 hill , we find the city very beautiful.注意：A. 非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，如：（）Being a fine day, we went out for an outing.（）As it was a fine day, we went out for an outing.（）It being a fine day, we went out for an outing. () Hearing the news, tears came to my eyes.（）Hearing the news, I burst into tears.

31、 （）When I heard the news, tears came to my eyes.注意: 用分詞短語作狀語時, 它邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致, 否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語, 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu).1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.B有些非謂語動詞可以相當于獨立成分、介詞或連詞使用，這時候它們常有自己固定的形式，與句子的主語不存在任何的邏輯關(guān)系，常見的有：To tell (you)

32、 the truth, to be honest, (老實說)to make things worse (更糟糕的是)to begin with / start with (首先)Generally / strictly / exactly speaking (一般/嚴格/準確地說)Judging from / by (根據(jù)/從判斷)Considering (考慮到)including (其中包括) compared with / to (與相比) 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The m

33、en worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Kno

34、cking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking非謂語動詞在語法填空的運用Task4用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students werefinally saved by thelocal police(lose) Lost2. By the end of 20

35、07, about half a million people had flooded into the city, _up around 10% of its total population. (make) making3. He turned away, _.(disappoint) disappointed4. Her homework _, Mary decided to go shopping.(do) done was done？5. _ in the book, he didnt notice the sound. (bury) Buried6. _ everything in

36、to consideration, the result is better than _. (take, expected) Taking expected7 _ by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently. (drive) Driven8.With the lights _, he fell asleep. (burn)burning再回首看一看非謂語動詞的奧秘Step5典型題解：1).句首選項，是祈使句或是非謂語開頭1._ the milk(,) and set a good exa

37、mple to the other children.2._ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.3._ some of this juice, youll like it. A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinkingAAC非謂語動詞解題策略點撥：1.根據(jù)句中是否有謂語動詞，確定是否選擇非謂語動詞, 尤其注意: 1)句首選項，是祈使句或是非謂語動詞開頭; 2)區(qū)分選項是非謂語動詞，還是與其它動詞并列的謂語動詞。有分號(;),句號(.),并列連詞(and/but/or/so),破折號()連接，

38、句首選項為謂語動詞。逗號連接，句首選項為非謂語動詞。2)區(qū)分非謂語動詞或是并列謂語動詞1.I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station. A. paidB. payingC. to payD. having paid2.Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table， and disappeared into the distance. A. left, lain open B. leaving, lying open C. leaving, li

39、e openedD. left, lay openedAB點撥：第1題從and 可判斷got, paid, dashed謂語動詞并列; 第2題從and 可判斷rushed 和disappeared謂語動詞并列; 但leaving在此表結(jié)果狀語（是非謂語動詞）, lying open與leave存在邏輯聯(lián)系: leave sb./sth. doing表示使某人或某物處于做狀態(tài)中3)情態(tài)動詞后動詞，是否與情態(tài)動詞有邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)：1.They did everything they could _ her life. A. saveB. to saveC. savingD. saved2.Before

40、going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improvingBD點撥：情態(tài)動詞could/can后省略了前面已用過的謂語動詞，要注意該空格選項的非謂語動詞: 其與謂語動詞的邏輯意義和搭配習(xí)慣。第1小題可理解為：They did everything that they could do in order to save her life.第2小題可理解為：Before going abroad he devoted all that h

41、e could devote to improving his oral English.devote- - -to是固定短語4)“動詞+(名詞)+介詞+名詞”變被動結(jié)構(gòu),其后形式: The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station.to build B. buildingC. buildD. built應(yīng)對這類題的最佳辦法就是將該句轉(zhuǎn)換成主動語態(tài)should make full of every part of materials to build.A

42、5)名詞后有兩個定語修飾。一個為定語從句，另一個為非謂語動詞。Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense? A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having madeB點撥：此類題解題關(guān)鍵在于學(xué)會句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，在已知謂語的情況下，弄清非謂語動詞與名詞的邏輯意思聯(lián)系，然后再考量該名詞的固定搭配形式。分詞作狀語的六大原則Step61. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式2. As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. Moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved3. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would com