2022年八級(jí)下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)全面知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、一 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念及用法：1 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和 just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），yet（已經(jīng)）， never（從不），ever （曾經(jīng)），before （以前），so far （到目前 為止）等時(shí)間狀語連用。2 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，還有可能繼續(xù)下去， 常和 for或 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。構(gòu)成： have/ has(助動(dòng)詞 )+V 過去分詞 肯定句：主語 + have/ has+V 過去分詞 +其他 否定句：主語 + have/ has+not+V 過去分詞 +其他 一般疑問句

2、： have/ has+主語 + +V 過去分詞 +其他 肯定回答： Yes, 主語 + have/ has.否定回答： No, 主語 + havent/ hasn t. 3 常用標(biāo)志詞語 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet , since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) ,for + 一段時(shí)間等already 常用于肯定句；二 常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析yet 用于否定句和疑問句。（一） have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： have/ has been to + 地名“

3、 曾經(jīng)去過某地” , 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回到原地。He has been to England twice他曾經(jīng)去過英國(guó)兩次。( 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在英國(guó)了 ) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到過長(zhǎng)城嗎 ?（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在長(zhǎng)城上） have gone to + 地名“ 已經(jīng)去某地了”， 說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。 He has gone to England。他已去英國(guó)了。( 已經(jīng)不在說話的地方，到達(dá)英國(guó)或者在去英國(guó)的路上 ) have been in + 地點(diǎn) 待在某地，常與時(shí)間段搭配。I have been in Shanghai for three years. （二

4、）since 與 for 區(qū)別：1）for 其后只能接表示“ 一段時(shí)間” 的名詞性短語，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短；since 其后接表示 “ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的短語或從句 （一般過去時(shí)） ；也可以接 “ 一段時(shí)間 +ago” ，常用于 完成時(shí)態(tài) ；還用于句型“It 時(shí)間段 +since+一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子” 。表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生并持續(xù)至說話時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I ve lived in this city for five years.He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day.Weve studied here since 2009.She h

5、as worked here for five years.It s two years since I came to China.練習(xí)：用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland last Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital 0ctober.2）for 與 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語可以進(jìn)行相互

6、替換My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.=My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago.練習(xí)：I have studied English for five years.- I have studied English . （三）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)過、經(jīng)歷； 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。I ve known him since then. 表經(jīng)歷He has finished the work. 表結(jié)果（1）延

7、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性時(shí)間（點(diǎn)）連用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也被稱為終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞， 表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語連用，如 two years ago.He joined the Army three years ago.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于“It is/has been + 時(shí)間段 +since” 句型It is/has been three years since I bou

8、ght the book. 從我買這本書到現(xiàn)在 3 年了。I began to study English three years ago.It is since I study Enlish.I moved to Changchun 5 years ago. .Lily finshed her homework 2 hours ago. .延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，如： learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語 for+段時(shí)間 /since+

9、時(shí)間點(diǎn)/since 引導(dǎo)的從句（過去時(shí)）/since+ 段時(shí)間 +ago 等連用。(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語為for+段時(shí)間/since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn) /since 引導(dǎo)的從句（過去時(shí)）/since+段時(shí)間 +agoThe old man died 4years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years. I borrowed the book 5 days ago.=I have kept the book since 5days ago.borrow -keep buy-h

10、ave catch a cold-have a cold put on -wear get to know -know get to sleep-sleep非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+ adj 、adv、prep、 n”die-be dead open-be begin/start -be on go out -be out get to/arrive in/reach -be in open leave- be away finish -be over fall ill -be ill get up- be up fall asleep-be asleep join -be a member

11、of go to school- be in school become-be make friends -be friendscome/go -be+相應(yīng)的介詞短語練習(xí) -同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：1 I bought the dictionary last year.I have the dictionary one year.2 The film began 5 minutes ago.The film for 5 minutes.3 His grandfather died 5 years ago.His grandfather for 5 years.4 His uncle left the city 2 hours ago.His uncle the city 2 hours.三 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：(1) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影