英語(yǔ)三大從句?？键c(diǎn)課件

1、三大從句第1頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。名詞性從句第2頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。一.相關(guān)概念1.名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞2.名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。3.名詞性從句： 在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹?語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫:名詞性從句。第3頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it now.4.I had no idea t

2、hat you were her friend.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句二.名詞性從句的種類第4頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。連接詞：that, whether, if （引導(dǎo)從句，不作成分；that無(wú)義， whether/if “是否”）2. 連接代詞：who(whom), what, which, whose whoever(whomever), whatever,whichever (作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)) 3. 連接副詞：when, where, why, how（作狀語(yǔ)） 三.連接詞,連接代詞,連接副詞第5頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1. That he said nothing surprised

3、 everybody present. （that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，不作成分，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)） It suprised everybody present that he said nothing.2. What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. (what引導(dǎo)主從，并在從句作said的賓語(yǔ)) 3. The problem is whether we finish the task on time.（whether引導(dǎo)表從，不作成分，表示“是否”）4. Where he lived is unknown to us.（wh

4、ere引導(dǎo)主從，作live的狀語(yǔ)）第6頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。名詞性從句六大考點(diǎn)第7頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)1. that與whatWhat we cant get seems better than what we have . That a new teacher will come to our school is true .小結(jié)：that 只引導(dǎo)從句，無(wú)實(shí)義，不充當(dāng)成分 what既引導(dǎo)從句， 又要在從句中充當(dāng)成分（ 主語(yǔ) / 賓語(yǔ) / 表語(yǔ)）第8頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1._ China has a large population is known to us all.2._is known to us a

5、ll is _ China has a large population.3. _is known to us all that China has a large population.4. _is known to us all, China has a large population.比較句2，句3和句4thatWhat ThatItAs第9頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2)_ he said at the meeting astonished

6、everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 高考題選萃第10頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)2.用if/whether填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.I have no idea _he will come or not.whether / ifwhetherwhetherwhether第11頁(yè)，

7、共49頁(yè)。5. It depends on _ we will have enough money.6. _ they can do it matters little to us.7.They have discussed for hours _they will hold the meeting. 8. It has not been decided _ to go.whetherWhetherwhether whether第12頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。小結(jié)：只用whether引導(dǎo)從句的情況主從位句首；表語(yǔ)從句；同位語(yǔ)從句；介詞后面的賓從；后面緊跟 or not；作discuss的賓語(yǔ)從句；后面有t

8、o do不定式第13頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。考點(diǎn)3. whoever/whatever/whichever/what/who引導(dǎo)名詞性從句1._ was said here must be kept secret.2.She would like to make friends with_shares her interest.3. You may choose_youd like to go with.4.Take _ seat you like in theclassroom.5. _we need is more time.6. _made the long distance call to hi

9、m is not important.WhateverwhicheverWhowhoeverWhatwhoever/whomever 第14頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。小結(jié)whoever=anyone who“任何的人”whatever=anything that“任何的物” whichever=anythat 任何的人或物” （已知范圍內(nèi)的或上文提到過(guò)的）第15頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. = Anything that was said here must be kept secret.2.She would like to

10、make friends with whoever shares her interest. = She would like to make friends with anyone who shares her interest.3. Take whichever seat in the classroom you like. = Take any seat in the classroom that you like. 第16頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A.Who B. The one

11、 C. Anyone D. Whoever高考題選萃第17頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。 2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 第18頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1. It is clear/necessary/certain/true that It is necessary/important/ strange/natural+that (should)+do 2. It is a pity/a shame/an hono

12、r that 3. It is well known/reported/thought/said thatIt is（建議/要求/堅(jiān)持/命令）suggested/requested/insisted/ordered+that(should)+do考點(diǎn) 4. it作形式主語(yǔ),形式賓語(yǔ)it 作形式主語(yǔ)第19頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)“6123”結(jié)構(gòu)find /feel/ make / think/ consider/ believe/+ it+ adj / n. + that / to do/doingI think it necessary that we take exercise ev

13、ery day./to take exercise every day.I find it no use arguing with him.第20頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1.Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使別人理解他. He found _3. 我認(rèn)為我們保持冷靜很重要. I think _ . it difficult to make himself understood.itit important that we should keep calm 第21頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)5. 主語(yǔ)是the reason，引導(dǎo)表從用thatThe

14、reason why.is that.This/It/That is because.(原因)This/ It/ That is why.（結(jié)果）第22頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 1.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 2.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 3.He wa

15、s late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.(原因) 4. There was a lot of traffic on the road. That was why he was late this morning. （結(jié)果）第23頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)6.that引導(dǎo)同從和定從的區(qū)別1.that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句在抽象名詞后面,說(shuō)明或解釋該名詞的內(nèi)容. that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句是修飾或限制前面名詞的。2.that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句中成分完整， that只引導(dǎo)從句，不作任何成分，但不可省略。

16、that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句中成分殘缺， that引導(dǎo)從句，并在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。第24頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。1.The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value.2. The suggestion （that） he made is of great value.3.The fact that he won the first place cant be denied.4.The fact （that） he told me excited me.（that在定語(yǔ)從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)，可以

17、省略）第25頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。定語(yǔ)性從句第26頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。相關(guān)概念：1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切， 寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。Eg : I was the only person who was invited in my office .非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加說(shuō)明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句， 寫(xiě)時(shí)往往逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。Eg: That is Mr .Wang ,whose daughter teaches English at a middle school .注意：

18、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that，指人時(shí)用who(主語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ))，指物時(shí)須用which.第27頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞1、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞（主句中的名詞或代詞）。I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the yea

19、r _ (Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.）_where第28頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。2、如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物 動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。 Ye

20、sterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Second World War brok

21、e out)._in whichwhen第29頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。3、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is ver

22、y important.Which that第30頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇 (1) that指物時(shí)一般可以與which互換，但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which。 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (tha

23、t) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時(shí)： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.第31頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.先行詞被the only, the very, the last 修飾時(shí)。

24、That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引導(dǎo)。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.第32頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who, which, what 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導(dǎo)。Who is the

25、person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 第33頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Which可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可是

26、一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it （2）只用which的情況 B B 第34頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納： 1、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用as也可以用w

27、hich. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2、如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用as而不用which引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句。如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.As we all know, the earth is round.第35頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。3.用于

28、the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有“正如”之意，而which沒(méi)有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The

29、 police were looking for him, as he thought.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.第36頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。5. as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.6.如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或

30、者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.第37頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)?？键c(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me

31、how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.第38頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，如：e.g. The

32、y live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.第39頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)

33、放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 第40頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。思考？是否所有

34、的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never for

35、got the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。第41頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I

36、 spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉)the one_to_which5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that第42頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is one of the best films which have been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that