walls-hcnp16天課程版與實驗ospf第二部分29故障處理

1、OSPF故障處理Page1前 言本課程介紹OSPF常見故障處理。通過處理OSPF的常見故障，可以加深對OSPF協(xié)議原理的理解。Page2培訓目標學完本課程后，您應該能：掌握常用OSPF故障處理工具的使用掌握常見OSPF故障的處理方法Page3目 錄 OSPF鄰居關(guān)系故障 OSPF區(qū)域間路由故障Page4檢查鄰居關(guān)系故障的思路使用“display ospf error”查看錯誤，定位錯誤使用“display current-configuration”命令查看相關(guān)配置修正配置錯誤Page5故障描述缺少區(qū)域內(nèi)路由Loopback0/32RTARTBLoopback0/32E0/0E0/0/30/3

2、0 Area 1RTBdisplay ip routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface/32 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0/24 DIRECT 0 0 Ethernet0/0/32 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0/8 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0/32 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0Page6查看OSPF錯誤信息Router ID沖突RTBdisplay ospf error OSPF Proce

3、ss 1 with Router ID OSPF error statistics:General packet errors: 0 : IP: received my own packet 0 : Bad packet 0 : Bad version 0 : Bad checksum 0 : Bad area id 0 : Drop on unnumbered interface 0 : Bad virtual link 0 : Bad authentication type 0 : Bad authentication key 0 : Packet too small 0 : Packet

4、 size ip length 0 : Transmit error 0 : Interface down 0 : Unknown neighborHELLO packet errors: 0 : Netmask mismatch 0 : Hello timer mismatch 0 : Dead timer mismatch 0 : Extern option mismatch 24 : Router id confusion 0 : Virtual neighbor unknown 0 : NBMA neighbor unknownDD packet errors: 0 : Neighbo

5、r state low 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Unknown LSA type 0 : MTU option mismatchLS ACK packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Bad ack More ( Press Q to break ) Page7查看OSPF相關(guān)配置RTBdisplay current-configuration # sysname RTB# FTP server enable# l2tp domain suffix-separator

6、 # router id #radius scheme systemRTAdisplay current-configuration # sysname RTA# FTP server enable# l2tp domain suffix-separator # router id #radius scheme systemPage8查看OSPF錯誤信息Area ID不匹配RTBdisplay ospf error OSPF Process 1 with Router ID OSPF error statistics:General packet errors: 0 : IP: receive

7、d my own packet 0 : Bad packet 0 : Bad version 0 : Bad checksum 10 : Bad area id 0 : Drop on unnumbered interface 0 : Bad virtual link 0 : Bad authentication type 0 : Bad authentication key 0 : Packet too small 0 : Packet size ip length 0 : Transmit error 0 : Interface down 0 : Unknown neighborHELLO

8、 packet errors: 0 : Netmask mismatch 0 : Hello timer mismatch 0 : Dead timer mismatch 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Virtual neighbor unknown 0 : NBMA neighbor unknownDD packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Unknown LSA t

9、ype 0 : MTU option mismatchLS ACK packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Bad ack More ( Press Q to break ) Page9查看OSPF相關(guān)配置RTAdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf #ospf 1 area network network #returnRTBdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf #ospf 1 area network network #retur

10、nPage10查看OSPF錯誤信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)掩碼不一致RTBdisplay ospf error OSPF Process 1 with Router ID OSPF error statisticsGeneral packet errors: 0 : IP: received my own packet 0 : Bad packet 0 : Bad version 0 : Bad checksum 0 : Bad area id 0 : Drop on unnumbered interface 0 : Bad virtual link 0 : Bad authentication type 0 :

11、 Bad authentication key 0 : Packet too small 0 : Packet size ip length 0 : Transmit error 0 : Interface down 0 : Unknown neighborHELLO packet errors: 10 : Netmask mismatch 0 : Hello timer mismatch 0 : Dead timer mismatch 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Virtual neighbor unknown

12、 0 : NBMA neighbor unknownDD packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Unknown LSA type 0 : MTU option mismatchLS ACK packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Bad ack More ( Press Q to break ) Page11查看OSPF相關(guān)配置RTBdisplay current-configuration #inter

13、face Ethernet0/0 ip address #ospf 1 area network network 55#returnRTAdisplay current-configuration #interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 52 #ospf 1 area network network #returnPage12查看OSPF錯誤信息驗證類型不一致RTBdisplay ospf error OSPF Process 1 with Router ID OSPF error statisticsGeneral packet errors: 0 : IP: r

14、eceived my own packet 0 : Bad packet 0 : Bad version 0 : Bad checksum 0 : Bad area id 0 : Drop on unnumbered interface 0 : Bad virtual link 2 : Bad authentication type 0 : Bad authentication key 0 : Packet too small 0 : Packet size ip length 0 : Transmit error 0 : Interface down 0 : Unknown neighbor

15、HELLO packet errors: 0 : Netmask mismatch 0 : Hello timer mismatch 0 : Dead timer mismatch 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Virtual neighbor unknown 0 : NBMA neighbor unknownDD packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Unknown

16、LSA type 0 : MTU option mismatchLS ACK packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Bad ack More ( Press Q to break ) Page13查看OSPF相關(guān)配置RTAdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf #ospf 1 area network network authentication-mode md5 1 plain huawei#returnRTBdisplay current-configuration configurat

17、ion ospf #ospf 1 area network network authentication-mode simple plain huawei#returnPage14查看OSPF錯誤信息驗證密碼不一致RTBdisplay ospf error OSPF Process 1 with Router ID OSPF error statisticsGeneral packet errors: 0 : IP: received my own packet 0 : Bad packet 0 : Bad version 0 : Bad checksum 0 : Bad area id 0

18、: Drop on unnumbered interface 0 : Bad virtual link 0 : Bad authentication type 2 : Bad authentication key 0 : Packet too small 0 : Packet size ip length 0 : Transmit error 0 : Interface down 0 : Unknown neighborHELLO packet errors: 0 : Netmask mismatch 0 : Hello timer mismatch 0 : Dead timer mismat

19、ch 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Virtual neighbor unknown 0 : NBMA neighbor unknownDD packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Router id confusion 0 : Extern option mismatch 0 : Unknown LSA type 0 : MTU option mismatchLS ACK packet errors: 0 : Neighbor state low 0 : Bad ack

20、 More ( Press Q to break ) Page15查看OSPF相關(guān)配置RTAdisplay current-configuration interface Ethernet 0/0#interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 52 ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei#returnRTBdisplay current-configuration interface Ethernet 0/0#interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 52 ospf authentication-mo

21、de simple plain hello#returnPage16故障描述NBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)無法學習路由FR-SW/24/24DLCI = 201DLCI = 102S1/0S1/0 Area 1Loopback0/32RTARTBLoopback0/32RTAdisplay ip routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface/32 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0/24 DIRECT 0 0 Serial1/0 /32 DIRECT 0 0 InL

22、oopBack0/32 DIRECT 0 0 Serial1/0 /8 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0/32 DIRECT 0 0 InLoopBack0Page17查看NBMA靜態(tài)鄰居配置RTAdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf #ospf 1 peer area network network 55#returnRTBdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf #ospf 1 peer area network network 55#returnPage18鄰居

23、關(guān)系無法建立原因總結(jié)參數(shù)配置要點router id每臺OSPF路由器的router id必須唯一area id同一網(wǎng)段的所有端口應當配置在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)network mask除了點到點網(wǎng)絡(luò)之外，同一網(wǎng)段的所有端口應當配置相同的掩碼authentication type同一區(qū)域的驗證類型必須一致authentication data同一網(wǎng)段的驗證碼必須一致extern option配置stub區(qū)域或者NSSA時，區(qū)域內(nèi)的所有路由器都需要指定stub特性或者NSSA特性peerNBMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的鄰居需要手動指定Page19目 錄 OSPF鄰居關(guān)系故障 OSPF區(qū)域間路由故障Page20故障描述區(qū)域間路

24、由不正確S0S1S2S0S0S1RTARTBRTC/30/30/30/30/30/30 Area 0 Area 1 Area 2Page21故障描述區(qū)域間路由不正確RTAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: PublicDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial

25、1 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0RTBdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: PublicDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /30

26、OSPF 10 3124 Serial0Page22修改OSPF配置RTBdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf#ospf 1 area network area network vlink-peer #returnRTCdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf#ospf 1 area network vlink-peer area network #returnPage23查看路由表RTAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Public

27、Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0RTBdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: PublicDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost

28、 NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 OSPF 10 3124 Serial1Page24修改OSPF配置RTAdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf#ospf 1 area network area

29、 network vlink-peer #returnRTCdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf#ospf 1 area network vlink-peer area network vlink-peer #returnPage25查看路由表RTAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: PublicDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0

30、 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 OSPF 10 3124 Serial1 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0RTBdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: PublicDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0

31、0 InLoopBack0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 OSPF 10 3124 Serial1Page26Loopback2/32故障描述路由匯聚不正確S2S0S0RTARTB/30/30 Area 0 Area 1S2/30/30RTDRTCS0S1S0S1/30/30/30/30Loopback1/32Page27故障描述路由匯聚不正確RTAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: P

32、ublic Destinations : 13 Routes : 13Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial2 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial2 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial2 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 /24 OSPF 10 3125 Se

33、rial0 /32 OSPF 10 3125 Serial2 /32 OSPF 10 3125 Serial2 /8 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0Page28故障描述路由匯聚不正確RTDdisplay ip routing-table Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Routes : 13Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 Direct 0 0 Serial2 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial2

34、 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial2 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 /24 OSPF 10 4687 Serial2 /32 OSPF 10 1563 Serial0 /32 OSPF 10 1563 Serial0 /8 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0Page29故障描述路由匯聚不正確RTCdi

35、splay ip routing-table Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Routes : 13Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial1 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /30 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Direct 0 0 Serial0 /32 Di

36、rect 0 0 InLoopBack0 /24 OSPF 10 6249 Serial1 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /8 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0 /32 Direct 0 0 InLoopBack0Page30查看路由匯聚相關(guān)配置RTBdisplay current-configuration configuration ospf#ospf 1 area network area abr-summary network #returnRTDdisplay current-configura

37、tion configuration ospf#ospf 1 area network area network #returnPage31故障描述路由匯聚不正確Loopback2/32S0S1/30/30Loopback1/32RTAS0S0/30/30S2/30S3/30RTBRTCRTDRTES3S3/30/30 Area 0 Area 1 Area 2Page32故障描述路由匯聚不正確RTAdisplay ip routing-table protocol ospf Public Routing Table : OSPFDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost N

38、extHop Interface /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 4686 Serial0 /30 OSPF 10 6248 Serial0 /24 OSPF 10 3125 Serial0 /32 OSPF 10 6249 Serial0 /32 OSPF 10 6249 Serial0RTEdisplay ip routing-table protocol ospf Public Routing Table : OSPFDestination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface /30 OSPF 10 6248 Serial3 /30 OSPF 10 4686 Serial3 /30 OSPF 10 3124 Serial3 /32 OSPF 10 3125 Serial3 /32 OSPF 10 3125 Serial3Page33查看OSPF相關(guān)配置RTBdisplay current-configuration configuration o