2022暑假仁愛版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè) 專題三 指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞 講義（無(wú)答案）

1、專題三 指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞【考點(diǎn)展示】掌握指示代詞 this , that, these, those 的用法能區(qū)分 it，one, ones 的用法it 的特殊用法重點(diǎn)掌握復(fù)合不定代詞 anything， everyone，something，nothing 等的用法熟悉指示代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞的用法【知識(shí)梳理】一、指示代詞和 it指示說(shuō)明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義注意 1注意 2注意 3電話用語(yǔ)中this(這個(gè))these(這些)指較近的人和物指下面要提到的事this 指即將要發(fā)生或提到的事this介紹自己是誰(shuí)that(那個(gè))those (那些)指

2、較遠(yuǎn)的人和物指前文提到過(guò)的名詞that 指剛提到過(guò)的事情或已經(jīng)完成的事為避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，用 that、those 代替that 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí)it (這人/這物)指不太清楚是誰(shuí)或者是什么時(shí)eg. This is my book, that is hers. (近指)The building in Japan is different from that in China. (避免重復(fù)，指代前文提到過(guò)的名詞) I had a cold. That is why I did not come. (that 指代前面講過(guò)的事)This is Walter speaking. Who is that

3、 speaking? (電話用語(yǔ))it 的用法：特指代前面提到的事或者物。如：She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting.it 不僅可以代替無(wú)生命的東西，還可以指天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。如：Its getting warmer in spring.Its not far from here to the airport.it 可以指代動(dòng)物、不考慮性別的嬰兒或不明身份的人。如：Who is it ?Its me.用來(lái)代替指示代詞 this 或 that。 如：What is this？It is a eraser.作形式主語(yǔ)。It is

4、 + adj. + for (n./ pron.) + to do sth.做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）是.It is +adj. + that 從句 It takes / took( sb. )+一段時(shí)間+ to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)（某人）多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間如： It is very important that we can learn a language in a short time.作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替由動(dòng)詞不定式或從句等表示的真正賓語(yǔ)，常用在 find, think, make, consider, feel 等之后。如：We think it difficult to finish the

5、work in two weeks.it 、 one 和 ones 的區(qū)別it：特指上文提到的同一對(duì)象，同一事物one: 泛指上文提到的同類人或事物中的一個(gè)，同類而不同物ones :泛指上文提到的同類人或事物中的一些，同類而不同物二、疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞是用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞，一般放在句首，并在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。代詞含義基本用法詢問(wèn)內(nèi)容例句who誰(shuí)對(duì)人稱代詞主格進(jìn)行提問(wèn)人物、身份Who is your English teacher ?whom誰(shuí)對(duì)人稱代詞賓格進(jìn)行提問(wèn)人物With whom did you go swimming?whose誰(shuí)的對(duì)物主代詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)所屬關(guān)系Whos

6、e pen is this ?what什么對(duì)具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)事物、職業(yè)、身份等What do you know about it ?which哪個(gè)對(duì)指定范圍內(nèi)的“哪個(gè)”進(jìn)行提問(wèn)特定的人或物Which bus shall we take?三、 不定代詞（一）普通不定代詞many 與 much代詞含義與用法舉例many“許多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞many treesmuch“許多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞much milksome 與 any相同點(diǎn)均可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一些”，即不確定的數(shù)量不同點(diǎn)some一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表建議或請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人希望得到肯定的回答。如:Would

7、 you like some coffee ?any多用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中，用于肯定句時(shí)表示“任何（一個(gè)/一些）” 。如：You can ask me any question.each 與 every代詞eachevery不同點(diǎn)用作形容詞或代詞，可單獨(dú)使用僅作定語(yǔ)，不可單獨(dú)使用強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體強(qiáng)調(diào)整體指兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”后可加 of 短語(yǔ)后不可加 of 短語(yǔ)相同點(diǎn)“each / every +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)a little , little , few 與 a few肯定意義否定意義所修飾的名詞a little 一點(diǎn)l

8、ittle 幾乎沒(méi)有不可數(shù)名詞a few 一些，幾個(gè)few幾乎沒(méi)有可數(shù)名詞either， neither， both， all 與 none代詞含義用法either兩者中的任何一個(gè)either 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)either.or.“要么.要么”連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”neither兩者都不neither 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)neither.nor.“既不.也不.”連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”both兩者都both 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)both.and.“兩者都.”連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)all（三者或三者以上）全部，都表全部肯定“

9、都”none（三者或三者以上）沒(méi)有一個(gè)表全部否定“都不”other, the other , others , the others 與 another代詞含義用法other另外的泛指，修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)the other（兩者中的）另一個(gè)特指，常與 one 連用構(gòu)成 one.the other.結(jié)構(gòu)，“一個(gè).另一個(gè).”others泛指別的人或物other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式，相當(dāng)于 other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。常見搭配為 some .other.“一些.另一些.”the others特指其余的人或物the other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式，常見搭配為 one.the others.“一個(gè).其余的.”ano

10、ther另一個(gè)；再一個(gè)指三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè)（二）復(fù)合不定代詞初中階段常見的復(fù)合不定代詞-bodysomebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody 沒(méi)有人everybody 每個(gè)人-onesomeone 某人anyone 任何人no one 沒(méi)有人everyone 每個(gè)人-thingsomething某事/物anything任何事/ 物nothing沒(méi)有東西everything所有事/物，每件事復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：由 some 和 any 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的區(qū)別與 some 與 any 的區(qū)別基本相同。復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，不能做定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。S

11、omeone is saying in the house.當(dāng)形容詞或 else 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞或 else 必須放在其后。There is something interesting in the book.【專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化】People gave plenty of good suggestions and we usedin the new show.A. someB. anyC. muchD.none 2.How was your trip in Chengdu?Not so good.I stayed there for two days, but it rained onA.

12、 noneB. neitherC. bothD.allof the days.3.To help Tommy learn better, his parents have done they could:cards,tapes,special learning centers, in short,everything they can think of.A. bothB. allC. noneD.neither 4.When is the best time to visit the US ? time you like because the sights are beautiful all

13、 year around . A.SomeB. AnyC. NoneD.Every 5.What about these two coats, madam ? of them fits me.Could you show me another one ?A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. Other 6.There are four bedrooms in the house, has its own shower.That is what I want. Ive got a few kids.A. eitherB. noneC. eachD.neither 7.He g

14、ot up to get some water but found there was left in the bottle.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD.littleOur Chinese teacher is ill in hospital. Lets go visit her this weekend.Shall we go on Saturday or Sunday ? is OK.I am free at weekends.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. AllDont be angry with your kid when he m

15、akes a mistake.After all, of us are perfect.A. noneB. neitherC. eachD. bothAs a child, I would sit for hours by the river doing simply daydreaming.A. nothingB. everythingC. somethingD. anything 11.Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried new.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anything

16、12.What a bad day !Everyone has one of those days when goes right.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anything 13.Dont just stand there. Do ! Anything is OK.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anythingAt present, children mean to most parents in China.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anythi

17、ng 15.He thinks himself somebody, but we think him .A. nobodyB. anybodyC. somebodyD. everybody 16.Any time you see who needs help, help them.A. everyoneB. someoneC. somethingD. everything 17.Water is important to , so there are many water festivals around the world.A.anyoneB. no oneC. someoneD. ever

18、yone was surprised by his wonderful performance yesterday. Do you think so ？Yes. His performance has proved that he is a great player.A.AnyoneB. No oneC. SomeoneD. EveryoneIts so late now. The light in the classroom is still on. There must be doing his homework. A.anybodyB. somebodyC. nobodyD. everybodyI found had changed a lot when I went to my hometown again.A. thereB. itC. thisD. oneI cant find the magazine I bought this morning . Well , Jack is reading over there. Why not g