高中英語(yǔ)選修七-Unit-02-B

1、Discovering useful words and expressions1. Replace the underlined partBill felt great pleasure when he tried his new fax machine and it worked.He felt pity for Claire because she was overweight and needed to lose about five kilos to look slim.Even though Jane told him many times to go away her broth

2、er still accompanied her to the doctor.Her greatest wish was to look as elegant as Gladys Claffern.Please call me before you buy a new digital camera so I can go with you.She looked at the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox.It was ridiculous that his own mother w

3、ould not talk to him about the affair.He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.satisfactiontested outsympathyleave alonedesireringupscannedabsurddeclared2. Complete the following passage. (News, 16/04/2321) Historical research shows that in the 22nd century m

4、any people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house decorators. The robots would _ the literature for the latest ideas in home decoration. Often the robots would _ designs that were grander than their owners wanted. Brightly colourd _ and _ would be suggested together wi

5、th brightly patterned walls can carpets. Some of the _ in the shop thought that the designs were _. While some owners were firm with their robots suggestions, others would _ and walk out of the shop, feeling embarrassed. A few other robots would even get into physical fights with their owner in publ

6、ic as their electrical system sometimes would set off the shops _. After a while the government decided such behavior was not appropriate and passed a law _ robots should not leave the house. So robots became household cleaners or industrial workers instead!scanfavourcushions/ beddingsbeddings/cushi

7、onsclerksawfulturn around alarmsdeclaringRevising useful structuresEx. 1be tested outbe harmedbe offeredwas amazedwas not allowedbe discoveredbe completely transformedwere impressedbe enviedbe rebuiltEx. 2The companys new car is going _ in the coming months.Since Claire had become attached to Tony,

8、the robot needed _.Tim refused _ by his father when he went for a haircut.The desire _ a great writer inspires many young authors.He felt it absurd _ hatred for someone he had never met.The new product is available _ by interested customers.She was very beautiful but she did not like _ by so many pe

9、ople.Since these aprons are such poor quality, they need _ and taken back to the shop.to be designedto be rebuiltto be accompaniedto be known asto be filled withto be tested outto be set asideto be enviedEx. 3 One the morning of December 19th, Marion began to writer her cards for Christmas. There we

10、re so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They _ in the alphabetical order of the receivers family names. There were sixty in all. The cards would _ into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time w

11、ould _ into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that afternoon there would be no time for cards. She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully. She was _ by her neighbor, Sally. They _ to a community programme. Then on Christmas Day their families would _ by lovely flower

12、 displays, special cuisine, excellent presents, and above all family affection. Marion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy. Thinking of that she sighed happily and began to write the first card.were listedbe dividedbe organizedto be accompaniedwere connectedbe surroundedwas attached Revisi

13、on of Passive VoiceGrammar My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. Look at the sentences.Is this a passive sentence?No!使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1. 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí) 行者是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候(這時(shí)不帶by引起的短語(yǔ))。Printing was introduced to Europe fromChina. (省略了by短語(yǔ)。

14、）Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. (省略了by短語(yǔ)。）2. 當(dāng)我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的 考慮不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。You are requested to give a performance.You are cordially(誠(chéng)摯地) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Clubat 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 3. 當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或興趣在動(dòng)作的承受者 時(shí)(這時(shí)可帶by引起的短語(yǔ))。The song was composed（組成;

15、 寫作）by a student. A good time was had by all.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aregiven 【例句】The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practiceand is based on pictures and topics.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)：was/weregiven【例句】These computers were made in our own countr

16、y.一般將來時(shí)：will/shall begiven【例句】Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?Sir Denis, who is 78, has made itknown that much of his collection _tothe nation. (CET-4 1996) A. has left B. is to leaveC. leaves D. is to be left本句意思為：78歲的Denis先生聲明他將把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國(guó)家。所以leave應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般將來時(shí)可以用來be to do s

17、th來表達(dá)，因此答案為D。過去將來時(shí)：would begivenThe news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are beinggivenThe machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are bei

18、ng developed D. will have been developed本句測(cè)試點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)develop和perfect是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，perfect 用的是被動(dòng)形式，develop也應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為now，故develop應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，答案為C。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were beinggiven【例句】The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has beengiven【例句】Swift progress has also been

19、made in culture and education.過去完成時(shí)：had beengiven【例句】 The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War.將來完成時(shí)：will/shall have beengiven【例句】The book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過去分詞This problem can be solved. 這問題可解決。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。

20、George might be sent to America by his company in August.公司可能八月份派喬治去美國(guó)。或類似結(jié)構(gòu)（be going to, have to 等）變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：This room is going to be painted next week. 這個(gè)房間下周粉刷。Go away! I want to be left alone.走開！我想獨(dú)自待一會(huì)兒。1. 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)(指人的賓語(yǔ)）。一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They didnt

21、 offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 安未得到這份工作。2. 在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to。They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.3. Itbe過去分詞that從句 (=主語(yǔ)be過去分詞to do sth)表示：據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等。 例： 據(jù)說這個(gè)

22、男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國(guó)性的測(cè)試。It is said that the boy has passed thenational exam. The boy is said to have passed thenational exam.但：It _that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案： A. happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4. be supposed to (suppose: vt. 推想; 假設(shè); 猜想) suppose

23、d:假定的; 推測(cè)的;意圖的(1)據(jù)說（=be said to) 如： Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good.我們一起去看那電影好嗎? 人們都說它不錯(cuò)。(2) 計(jì)劃、安排 如：Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 oclock. Im supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.我要快些了?，F(xiàn)在差不多8點(diǎn)鐘了。我8點(diǎn)一刻去接湯姆。(3) be not supposed to 表示“不允許” 如：You are not supposed to park here. 這兒不允許

24、停車。動(dòng)詞get代替be. （ get往往用在口語(yǔ) 中。）酒館里發(fā)生了打斗，幸好無人受傷。There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.get + done 同 be+done 的區(qū)別：get done 往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中，而是意外發(fā)生的。如：The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽車輾死了。1. 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng) 詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, w

25、rite The dish tastes delicious. The theory proved right at last. The book is so interesting that it sells well. 不可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sells”此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來; 有銷路”的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣; 出售”）This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗) Need +V- ing 表示“主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞 發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。 我的車需要修理。 My c

26、ar needs repairing (= to be repaired). beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, fit, have，lack, resemble(相似), suit等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.3. 某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：如：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了?？梢哉f： The war broke out .但不能說：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才

27、有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。 “be過去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)The enemy was soon surrounded by us.系表結(jié)構(gòu)The house is surrounded by trees.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted.1. Old

28、 McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served練習(xí)3. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. A. sel

29、l, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold out4. The train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late. A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to5. This dictionary mustnt _ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are t

30、aken away D. be taken away6. My shoes _ . I went out for a new pair. A. is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out 7. That kind of shirts _ cotton. A. is made from B. are made from C. is made of D. are made of8. Rice _ in South China. A. growing B. is grown C. are grown D. is grow9. A

31、ll the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed10. The teacher told his students that they _ to be useful men to the country. A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected11. Some of

32、the hotels in my hometown _. A. have now been rebuilding B. are now rebuilding C. are now being rebuilt D. are rebuilt now 用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改換下列各句：1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will be repaired by my father for me.2. I have found my wallet.My wallet has been found.3. She told me to wait here f

33、or her.I was told to wait here for her.4. The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely be arrestedby the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech.Mr. Green was invited to make a speech.6. The students clean their classroom every day.Their classroom is cleaned by the s

34、tudents every day.7. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.8. I dint tell you the girl could do the job.You werent told by me that the girl could do the job.9. Do people speak English in your country?Is English spoken in your country?

35、10. He gave me a present.I was given a present. A present was given to me.11. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.不定式語(yǔ)法 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式。語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)

36、態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動(dòng)式講與練語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done進(jìn)行式 to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing/當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞， 有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng) 作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to

37、see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已在延續(xù)或動(dòng)作 正在進(jìn)行。 They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs. He seems to be eating something.4 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前就一直在進(jìn)行。 T

38、hey are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法(1) 作主語(yǔ)： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2) 作賓語(yǔ)： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。(3) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)： He wanted the l

39、etter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) 作定語(yǔ)：Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作狀語(yǔ)：She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

40、、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.（主語(yǔ)）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語(yǔ))He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. （復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. （復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語(yǔ)） 三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)1. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，