英語主謂一致

1、主謂一致第一頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。Useful structures語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動詞對應(yīng)的形式。第二頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ diving.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:第三頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。Bob Bob _ a worke

2、r.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know第四頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語

3、的時(shí)候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1) He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。一、語法一致原則are第五頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。 第六頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on t

4、he table. 刀叉在桌子上。 isis第七頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。2. 如果主語是不定式, 動詞ing形式或主語從句的時(shí)候,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。When he is coming seems very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 To love her is not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。. 第八頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。3. 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與先行詞的人

5、稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.第九頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in

6、the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。第十頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。二、就近原則Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.第十一頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。Not only the students but also the teacher wi

7、shes for a holiday. 第十二頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。三、概念一致原則 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。第十三頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。1. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 are is第十四頁，編輯于星期五：二十

8、點(diǎn) 二十五分。None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。 is is第十五頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。第十六頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of

9、 the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisare第十七頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。第十八頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。His family _going out

10、. 他們?nèi)乙獬?。His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺s are 第十九頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.第二十頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, so

11、mething, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。第二十一頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。6. 某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí), 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: The pair of shoes is worn

12、out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。第二十二頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 第二十三頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短 語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語 在句中作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞常使用單數(shù)。 E

13、ach man and each woman is asked to attend. 第二十四頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班級中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽不到任何聲音。第二十五頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。9. 以a number of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以the number of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The num

14、ber of students in you class is 50.第二十六頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語的時(shí)候, 其謂語動詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。第二十七頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。11. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)

15、名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.第二十八頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù); 短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語)

16、 (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用單數(shù), men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題:第二十九頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。 This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.第三十頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。

17、3. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:第三十一頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Th

18、ree-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：第三十二頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.第三十三頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。注意:a (large) q

19、uantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.第三十四頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。 第三十五頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。4. a great de

20、al of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:第三十六頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.第三十七頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。5. 表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后, 名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)

21、形式, 但是其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.第三十八頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。6. 如果主語由“the + 形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但

22、也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指個(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如：第三十九頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。The blind study in special school.The departed(死者)was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man, person 或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.第四十頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分?？碱}鏈接1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large

23、_ of desert _ covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; haveB第四十一頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。精析：a large number of 后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以A不能作為答案。因?yàn)閐esert是單數(shù)，所以要填 has。這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地”答案 B第四十二頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.

24、A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC第四十三頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。精析: 分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞表示.如果分子大于1, 分母序數(shù)詞后加-s. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語時(shí),謂語動詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞.句子中的主語 land是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞要用is covered. 答案C.第四十四頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。3 Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go t

25、o university. So do I. A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. do hopeA第四十五頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。精析：這句話的主語是 Each of the students，是單數(shù)，所以要 hopes 選作謂語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語working hard at his or her lessons 作狀語，表示伴隨的情況。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 當(dāng)成了主語，填寫了hope，發(fā)生了錯誤。本題的譯文：每一個(gè)努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生都想上大學(xué)。我也是。答案 A。第四十六頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。4. _ people in the worl

26、d are sending information by e-mail every day. A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many millionA第四十七頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。精析: 在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或 several等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。 many一般不與 million等詞連用. 表示“數(shù)百萬”，英語為 millions of。這句話的意思是“每天，世界上有幾十萬人通過 e-mail傳遞信息?！贝鸢?A。第四十八頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。5.The numb

27、er of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; wereC第四十九頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。6. The number of students in this school _ by 5% every year. A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises the number of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，表示的數(shù)目(數(shù)量)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a nu

28、mber of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，表示許多，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。C第五十頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。7. A good deal of money _ spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has beenD第五十一頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。9. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredA第五十二頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二

29、十五分。10. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playA第五十三頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known12. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. wereDB第

30、五十四頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。13. Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand outD第五十五頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. a

31、re C. am D. beB第五十六頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。15. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying wellB第五十七頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。16. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD第五十八頁，編輯于星期五：二十點(diǎn) 二十五分。17. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Tw