財(cái)經(jīng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)

1、時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。 2.主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如： I will go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there. 3.在以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。Here she comes.她來(lái)了。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

2、 1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。 3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。 4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，

3、但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to ,know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. 2.表示從過(guò)去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或

4、狀態(tài)，往往和“for”, “since”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表達(dá)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room. It is very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏leaned與

5、現(xiàn)狀無(wú)關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)不可突然跳到It is這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。) 2）漢語(yǔ)中的“了”、“過(guò)”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過(guò)那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過(guò)”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過(guò)去進(jìn)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說(shuō)：When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（人已回來(lái)）”用“have/has b

6、een to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來(lái)）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there. 5.短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如不能說(shuō)：He

7、has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了?！笨刹捎?）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through (with) the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the

8、maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days. 2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I le

9、ft. 3.用在兩個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the

10、age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do （側(cè)重將來(lái)行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事） 2.be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生) 3.be doing (按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常