《專升本輔導(dǎo)》同根詞課件

1、1. inspect, respect, expect, prospect貌同處spect,詞根:看.各相異處前綴in-:里面、內(nèi),in + spect 看里面乃為檢查;re-:反復(fù)、回,re + spect 回頭反復(fù)看是為尊重;ex-:外面、出,ex + spect 看外面是在期待;pro-:前、朝前,pro + spect 朝前看就是展望、前景.(1) The customs inspectors are inspecting the outgoing baggage. 海關(guān)稽查員正在檢查出關(guān)的行李.(2) The candidate is widely respected and exp

2、ected to be elected mayor of this city. 候選人廣受尊重,有望當(dāng)選為該市市長.(3) I see little much prospect of his company. 我看他公司發(fā)展前景渺茫.第1頁，共33頁。2. expose, propose, dispose, compose, oppose, impose貌同處pos,詞根 + 結(jié)尾字母e:放置.各相異處前綴ex-:外面、出,ex + pose 擺出來是為揭發(fā)、暴露;pro-:前、朝前,pro + pose 向前呈引為提出、提議;dis-:分開,dis + pose 分開放置引為布置、安排;co

3、m=con-:共同、一起,com + pose 放到一起即為組成、構(gòu)成;op-:相反,op + pose 置于相反位置引為反抗;im=in:內(nèi)、里面,im + pose 把硬置于里面乃把強加.(1) The leaders opposed the idea of exposing these photos to the public. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們反對將這些照片公之于眾.(2) Man proposes; God disposes. 謀事在人,成事在天.(3) Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氫和氧組成的.(4) The director a

4、lways attempts to impose his idea into every decision that is made by his office staff. 這位主任總是企圖把他的個人意見強加于全體工作人員的每一項決定之上.第2頁，共33頁。3. express, impress, depress, compress貌同處press,詞根:壓.各相異處前綴ex-:外面、出,ex + press 把壓出引為表示、表明;im=in:內(nèi)、里面,im + press 壓入乃銘刻、給留下深刻印象;de-:向下,de + press 使壓下就是使沮喪;com=con-:共同、一起,com

5、 + press 壓在一起即為壓縮.(1) Children are encouraged to express feelings of sadness which they may be holding inside. 應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵孩子們把他們可能藏在心里的不愉快表達(dá)出來.(2) His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的話深深地銘刻在我心上.(3) News of his fathers death depressed Mr. Zhou; he felt as if a heavy weight had been placed on hi

6、s spirit. 父親去世的消息使周先生消沉,他感到心里好像壓了一塊重石.(4) Compress your composition into a shorter one within 100 words. 把你的作文縮寫成100字以內(nèi)的短文.第3頁，共33頁。4. contribute, distribute, attribute貌同處tribute,詞根:貢品、獻(xiàn)禮.各相異處前綴con-:共同、一起,con + tribute 貢品一起引為貢獻(xiàn)、捐獻(xiàn);dis-:分開,dis + tribute 分貢品就是分發(fā);at- 可表原因,at + tribute 表述奉獻(xiàn)貢品之由引為歸因于.(1)

7、 Song Dynasty contributed three inventions to world civilization. 宋朝有三大發(fā)明對世界文明做出了貢獻(xiàn).(2) The organizing committee distributed prizesamong the winners. 組委會把獎品分發(fā)給了獲勝者.(3) He attributes his success to his hard work. 他認(rèn)為他的成就是他刻苦的結(jié)果.第4頁，共33頁。5. constitute, substitute, institute貌同處stitute,詞根:站立.各相異處前綴con-:

8、共同、一起,con + stitute 同在一起乃為組成、構(gòu)成;sub-:下面,使一件東西站到另一件東西之下就是用代替某人或某物;in-:內(nèi)、里面,在里面站的即為機構(gòu)、學(xué)院.(1) The three men were driving a stolen car from a scientific institute in which the police found a quantity of illegal drug substances; these facts constituted enough evidence for the three to be charged and brou

9、ght to trial. 三名男子駕駛一輛從一家科研所偷來的汽車,警方在他們的車上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批違禁毒品,這些事實足以構(gòu)成對這三名男子進(jìn)行控告和審判的證據(jù).(2) Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. 當(dāng)然白日做夢絕不能代替艱苦的努力.第5頁，共33頁。6. statue, status, stature貌同處stat,詞根:站立.stat + ue 雕像;stat + us 地位、身份;stat + ure 身材、身高.例:The artist in imposing stature enjoys high social s

10、tatus, for hes made a series of classical statues.那位身材魁梧的藝術(shù)家因塑造了系列經(jīng)典雕像而享有盛名.第6頁，共33頁。7. infer, refer, prefer, confer貌同處fer,詞根:拿、攜帶.各相異處前綴in-:內(nèi)、里面,in + fer 拿內(nèi)含的東西乃推斷;re-:回,往原處,re + fer 反復(fù)拿書或資料就是參考、查閱;pre-:前面,pre + fer拿在前面,先拿肯定是喜歡;con-:共同、一起,con + fer 在對話中共同采納引為協(xié)商、商議.例: (1) What can you infer from thi

11、s passage?你能從該短文中推斷出什么?(2) When writing papers, we have to refer to a lot of references concerned.寫論文時我們得查閱許多有關(guān)資料.(3) It is a good idea to ask what your guests prefer to drink before you bring in the refreshments.端上茶點之前最好先問一下你的客人喜歡喝什么飲料.(4) We need to confer with the whole committee before making th

12、is important decision.在做出這一重大決策之前,我們必須與全體委員交換意見.第7頁，共33頁。8. acquire, inquire, require該組雖不宜說是詞根加詞綴構(gòu)成,但我們可以用同樣的方式去分析,再加聯(lián)想以幫助記憶.貌同處quire:一刀紙.各相異處ac-:加強意義, 使,acquire聯(lián)想使紙中的即書中的成為自己的那就是獲得,尤指獲取知識;in-:內(nèi)、里面,inquire 聯(lián)想想知道書中不懂的就去詢問或咨詢;re-:反復(fù),require 聯(lián)想在紙條上反復(fù)寫重要內(nèi)容就是要求.例: (1) I have acquired the basic knowledge

13、of writing required in high school.我已掌握中學(xué)階段要求掌握的寫作基礎(chǔ)知識.(2) Mary inquired of me the reason for my quitting the job.瑪麗問我辭職的原因.9. distinct, instinct, extinct貌同處tinct,詞根tin + ct:保持、容納.各相異處前綴dis-:分開,dis + tinct 分開保持乃明顯的、區(qū)別的;in-:內(nèi)、里面,in + stinct 內(nèi)在保持是為本能;ex-:外面、出,ex + tinct 出了容納范圍不就是滅絕了嗎?例:These animals h

14、ave a distinct instinct of protecting themselves from being extinct.這些動物有一種明顯的本能,能保護(hù)自己不滅絕.第8頁，共33頁。10. persist, insist, exist, resist, consist貌同處sist,詞根:站立.各相異處前綴除per-之外,其余上文都已出現(xiàn)并分析過,就不再贅述.per-:始終、貫穿,per + sist始終站立乃堅持;in + sist 站在內(nèi)引為堅決主張/認(rèn)為;ex + sist 站出來了就能生存、繼續(xù)存在;re + sist 站在背面表示反抗;con + sist 站在一起就

15、是組成.例:(1) You must persist in your studies even when you feel discouraged and exhausted.即使當(dāng)感到泄氣和疲勞時也須堅持你的學(xué)業(yè).(2) The chairman insisted the meeting be cancelled.主席堅持要把會議取消.(3) There exists in that country a resisting force against the government which consists mainly of the unemployed.那個國家存在一股主要由失業(yè)者組成

16、的反政府勢力.第9頁，共33頁。11. conform, confirm它們可稱得上是一對貌差無幾的雙胞胎,僅一字母之差.con-:共同、一起,form:形式、形成,con + form形式相同是為一致、符合;firm:堅硬、牢固,con + firm 一起堅硬引為確定、證實.例:(1) This phrase doest conform to present-day usage.這一短語不合現(xiàn)代慣用法.(2) The expected result confirmed me in my belief that I was right.預(yù)期的結(jié)果使我確信我是對的.第10頁，共33頁。12. c

17、ontract, contacttract:拉、拖,con + tract拉向一處之物,常指法律文件即合同、契約;tact:碰,con + tact 碰到一起乃為聯(lián)系、接觸.例:Well contact again and sign the contract as soon as possible.我們還會再次聯(lián)系,盡快把合同簽了.第11頁，共33頁。13. contend, contenttend:伸張、奮力,con + tend一起伸張乃競爭、角逐;tent:保持、容納,con + tent保持在一起的東西就是目錄、容量.例:(1) The content of the report concerns the new building plans.報告的內(nèi)容涉及新的建筑計劃.(2) A good teacher can contend