《高考語法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語氣》

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望/假設(shè)/猜測/或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。1 .虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句。（1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。If I had time ,I would go to the cinema with you .（2）與過去事實(shí)相反。If he had caught the first bus this morning,he would not have been late for class.（3）與將來事實(shí)相反。If it were to /should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put

2、off. 條件從句中的謂語動詞的形式主句中的謂語動詞的形式與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞should/would+ have+過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式should/would+動詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反1.過去式should/would+動詞原形2.should+動詞原形should/would+動詞原形3.were to+動詞原形Should/would+動詞原形 虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用于任何人稱，同時也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動詞could/might 等代替should /would。(4)有時候，條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作，發(fā)

3、生的時間是不一致的（如一個是過去發(fā)生的，一個是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的）。這時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調(diào)整。-(錯綜時間條件句)1.If the weather had been more favourable ,the crops would be growing still better.2.If you were in better health ,we would have allowed you to join them in the work.3.If we hadnt got everything ready by now,we should be having a terrible

4、 time tomorrow(5)以上句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式:A.若if從句中有 were/ had/ should ，可把它們倒裝放到主語之前，省略if .句式: were /had /should +主語 +其它成分.Were I in school again ,I would work harder.Had you been here earlier ,you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow ,I would come .B.用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句.例如:Without air ,there would

5、be no living things .I would not have succeeded but for your help.2.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句（1）“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，“可惜/悔不該/但愿”從句中謂語動詞形式：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：動詞過去式與過去事實(shí)相反: had + done 或 could(would)+have +done與將來事實(shí)相反： could/would + do 例如：.I wish you told me earlier.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. I wish we co

6、uld go to the seaside today/tomorrow(2)虛擬語氣在動詞:insist （堅(jiān)持）/demand/ desire / request / require/ order /propose / command / ask / advise / prefer /suggest（建議）arrange 等后面的賓語從句中，用 “（should） +動詞原形”。如：The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.They demanded that the black people (shou

7、ld) be treated as well as white people. I insisted that you give me money back. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The girl insisted that she gave me the money the other day. I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. Her pale face suggested that she was ill.3.虛擬語氣用于表語從句/同位語從句.作

8、advice / idea /order /demand /plan /proposal /suggestion /request 等后面的賓語從句和同位語從句，其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“（ should ) + 動詞原形” .例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.4。虛擬語氣用于以 as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句.謂語動詞的形式有三種： as

9、 if /as though 引導(dǎo)的表語/狀語從句從句中謂語動詞的形式1.從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反謂語動詞用一般過去式2.從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反 had + 過去分詞3.從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反 would /might /could + 動詞原形例如：He looked at me as if I were mad.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.It looks as if it might rain .但as if /as though 后的從句也常用陳述語氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往

10、是可能發(fā)生的或可能被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。例如：It looks as if our side is going to win .5.虛擬語氣用于主語從句。在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)用“should + 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚訝/ 不相信 /惋惜 /理應(yīng)如此等。例如：It is necessary ( important /natural /desirable 想要的/advisable 明智的/合理的/適當(dāng)?shù)?可行的/strange ,etc.) that we should clean the room every day .It was a pity (a shame /no won

11、der ,etc.) that you should be so careless .It will be desired (suggested /decided /ordered /requested / proposed ,etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.在上述三種主語從句中，should 意為“應(yīng)該/竟然”，可以省去，但不可換用 would 。主句所用動詞的時態(tài)不限。注意: 這種從句表示的事實(shí)。如果說話人對這種事實(shí)表示驚奇，就用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇， that 從句也可用陳述語氣。例如:It is

12、 strange that he did not come yesterday .It is a pity that you cant swim .6.虛擬語氣用于定語從句這種從句常用 “It is (high ) time (that ) ”在句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式，或 should動詞原形(should不能省略,be 用were來)表示，意為“（現(xiàn)在）該”例如：It is time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.It is high time we were going.7.虛擬語氣用于if only

13、引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：If only I had taken his advice .If only I were a bird .8.虛擬語氣用于If it were not for 此結(jié)構(gòu)意為“如果沒有”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If it had not been for “如果當(dāng)時沒有”，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)例如：If it were not for the rain ,the crops should /would die . If it had not been for your timely help ,I would have failed. 9.虛擬語氣在would rather

14、 后面的從句中： A.從句用過去時指現(xiàn)在。 B.從句用過去時指將來。 C.從句用過去完成時指過去。例如 ： I would rather you paid me now. I would rather they came tomorrow. Id rather she hadnt done that.10.虛擬語氣用于簡單句。A .表示說話人謙虛/客氣/有禮貌，是語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。例如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to open the door ?B.用于一

15、些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。例如：Would you like a cup of tea ?You had better go now.C.用 “may + 動詞原形”，表示“祝愿/但愿”。May 須置于句首。例如:May you be happy ! May you succeed !11.含蓄條件句在某些虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有 if 條件句，虛擬條件是用其它形式表現(xiàn)出來，這種現(xiàn)象在語法上稱為“含蓄條件句”具體分為一下幾種情況：1）通過動詞不式短語表示條件例如：You would be a fool to refuse his offer.(=If you should refuse his offer ,

16、you would be a fool .)2)通過介詞短語表達(dá)條件例如：But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.(=If it had not been the storm)3)通過連詞otherwise / or /but /that /though /once等表達(dá)條件例如：She came to town yesterday ,otherwise /or I would not have met her .(=if she had not come )I would have attended the meeting ,b

17、ut I have been too busy . (= if I had not been too busy )4)通過 Were it not for 或 Had it not been for 等句式表達(dá)條件例如：Were it not for(=If it were not for ) the leadership of the Party ,we could not live a happy life.Had it not been for (=If it had not been for ) the leadership of the Party ,we should have f

18、ailed.5)通過分詞短語表達(dá)條件例如：Given more attention ,the crops could have grown better.(=If they had been given more )6)無詞句暗示條件例如：Such mistakes could have been avoided .這種錯誤本來可以避免的(暗含條件從句if we had been more careful.)It was so quiet ,you could have heard a pin drop .是那樣的安靜，掉根針你都聽得見(暗含條件從句if it had dropped to t

19、he ground.)注意：1） 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall, will.(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理時，主句謂語動詞便不用shall (will) +動詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式。典型例題1. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D.

20、is rained注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was， 即在從句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。2. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were I D. Was I 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had

21、這三個詞，通常將if省略，主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能說 Werent I to do.判斷改錯: (錯) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (對) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (錯) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (對) I insisted that

22、you were wrong.3. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried 4. But for the leadership of our Party, we _.A. could not have succeeded B. should not have succeeded 5.What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? a. be made b. will be made c. would b