【英語(yǔ)閱讀】時(shí)文拓展閱讀54鳥(niǎo)類的成長(zhǎng)周期為何如此不同

1、時(shí)文閱讀|鳥(niǎo)類的成長(zhǎng)周期為何如此不同？鳥(niǎo)類的成長(zhǎng)周期不盡相同，一只信天翁從胚胎發(fā)育到成年大約需要一 年的時(shí)間，而一只典型的英國(guó)花園鳴鳥(niǎo)只需要一個(gè)多月，面對(duì)這樣的差異，你的腦海里是否有很多問(wèn)號(hào)？快跟 著科學(xué)家們?nèi)ソ忾_(kāi)心中的疑惑吧！ 閱讀短文并回答問(wèn)題Ateam of scientists havestudied thousands of species of birds to understand why there is so much diversity in the length of time they take to grow from a fertilized （受精的） egg i

2、nto anindependent adult. The study, published in Nature Communications, is the first oneto consider theimportance of lifestyle and environmental factors alongside evolutionary history and body size to explain the variation.All organisms face a trade-off between reproducing and surviving and they sol

3、ve this problem in different ways. The team found that migratory birdsdevelop much quicker, which may ensure they are ready to return to their winter habitats at the end of eachsummer.Findings showed that birds that breed and live in safer environments with fewer predators typically took longer to d

4、evelop, possibly because they can afford to spend longersince there is no danger or need to leave.They also found that bird species with a “l(fā)ive fast die young “ strategy develop quicker, allowing them to maximizethe number of offspring （后代）they can produce in the short timeavailable.As expected, th

5、e research showedthat bigger birds took longer to develop but even among birds of a similar size there was variation in development times.Dr.Chris Cooney, from the University of Sheffield s Departmerof Animaland Plant Sciences and leadauthor of the research, said, amountof time it takes for a fertil

6、ized egg to develop into a fully grown adult varies hugely across the animal kingdom. For instance, it takes an elephant almost 10 years to reach independence, whereasa fruit fly is fully grown after only a matter of days. This extraordinary diversity is also prevalentwithin birds, where albatrosses

7、can take almost a year to develop from an embryo（月丕胎）to an independent adult, but a typical UK garden songbird takes little more than a month. We found that certain aspectsof a species lifestyle and environment are important in explaininghow long they take to develop. ”Thestudy on birds gives scient

8、istssome clues about the type of factors that may beimportant in other species. However, it may be that different factors are important for determining development length in other animal groups. Therefore, the next step is to address these questions using data that covers the whole scaleof the anima

9、l kingdom- from fish to mammals to insects to gain an even broader insight into the factors shaping these fundamental differences across species.I.Whatdoes the study mainly focus on?A.The number of bird species.bird habitats.C.The life expectancyof birds.length of birds.2. What is paragraph 2 mainly

10、 about?The result of the study.the study.C. The process of the research.of the research.B.The changes ofD.The developmentThe method ofD. The importanceWhat can we know from Dr.Chris Cooney s words?A.The development times vary with the species.B.Size determines the speed obirds development.C.Animals

11、living in the same place develop at the same rate.D.Bigger animals always grow more slowly than smaller ones.What does the underlined word“ prevalent ” in paragraph4 probablymean?A.Rare. B.Common. C.Special D.Strange.Why do scientists use data involved in the animal kingdom?To study the cause of the

12、 species diversity.To show the basic differences among species.C.To explore the evolutionary history of animals.D. To figure out other factors in development length.【參考答案】DAABD單詞學(xué)習(xí)trade-off n.權(quán)衡There is a trade-off between the benefits of the drug and the risk of side effects.在這種藥的療效和副作用之間有個(gè)權(quán)衡利弊的問(wèn)題。

13、migratoryadj. 遷徙的 migratory birds 候鳥(niǎo)maximizev.使增加到最大限度tomaximize efficiency/fitness/profits最大限度地提高效率/增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)/增 加利潤(rùn)whereasconj.然而；而Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do nt些研 究結(jié)果令人滿意，然而其他的則不然。albatrossn.信天翁長(zhǎng)難句分析Ateam of scientists havestudied thousands of species of birds to unders

14、tand why there is so much diversity in the lengthof time they take to grow from a fertilizedegg into an independent adult.【分析】 句子主干為 “Scientistshave studied birds. to understand why there is into an independent acfeli 的狀語(yǔ)；其中 “why there is so much into an independent adullunderstand ”的賓語(yǔ)從句；“they tak嚨

15、后置定語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞“time;” to grow from a fertilizedegg into an independent adu的動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾“time。【翻譯】科學(xué)家小組研究了數(shù)千種鳥(niǎo)類，以了解它們從受精卵發(fā)育到獨(dú)立的成年期所需時(shí)間如此之長(zhǎng)的原因。Findings showed that birds that breed and live in safer environmentswith fewer predators typically took longer todevelop, possibly because they can afford to spen

16、d longer since there isno danger or need to leave.【分析】 句子主語(yǔ)為 “Findings?！?“that birds that breed need to leave 為 “showed勺賓語(yǔ)從句，其中 “that breed and livein safer environments with fewer predators 為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞“ birds, “ because they can afford to spend longersince there is no danger or need to leav的原因狀語(yǔ)從向?！?/p>

17、翻譯】研究結(jié)果表明，在捕食者較少的更安全的環(huán)境中繁殖和生活的鳥(niǎo)類通常需要更長(zhǎng)的發(fā)育時(shí)間，這可能是因?yàn)樗鼈冇凶銐蜷L(zhǎng)的時(shí)間成體，因?yàn)樗鼈儾挥妹媾R危險(xiǎn)或逃跑。Therefore, the next step is to address these questions using data thatcovers the whole scaleof the animal kingdomfrom fish to mammals to insectsto gain an even broader insight intothe factors shaping these fundamental differ

18、encesacross species.【分析】 句子主語(yǔ)為 “The next step to address these questio的不 ” 定式作表語(yǔ)；“ using data that covers the wholescaleof the animalkingdom 為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，其中 “that covers the whole scaleof the animal kingdom為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“data 兩個(gè)破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容是 對(duì) “the animal kingdom!勺解釋說(shuō)明；“to gain an even broader acrossspecies為 目 的狀語(yǔ)， 其中 ashaping these f