人教版(新教材)高中英語選修1Unit 1 People of Achievement課時(shí)作業(yè)2：Reading and Thinking-Comprehending

1、Reading and ThinkingComprehendingI .閱讀理解AMaria( 17181799) was a famous Italian mathematician.She was described in a book as follows： “ Maria was a child prodigy(神童)，but was also shy. ”She stayed at home, teaching the younger children and following her own studies.When her mother died after giving bi

2、rth to twenty-one children , Maria took over the running of the household.At the age of twenty she started a ten-year project, a book bringing together the work on calculus(彳散積分學(xué))of Leibnitz and Newton titled Analytic Institutions.Sometimes she would have trouble with a problem, but her mind went on

3、 working even in her sleep； she would sleepwalk to her study and back to bed.In the morning, she would find the answer to the problem waiting on her desk.Her book made her famous； she was living proof of what she had argued at nine years old that women had a right to study science.But Maria had othe

4、r interests in her life apart from mathematics.She had always worked with the poor people in her area, and she had asked her father for separate rooms and turned them into a private hospital.She worked at the hospital (and another) until she died at the age of eighty-one.Maria wrote an important boo

5、k on mathematics, as well as another unpublished book.She ran a household of over twenty people, and she worked for people who had not had her luck and opportunities.Each one of these things was remarkable, but she did them all.語篇解讀 本文是一篇人物傳記。主要介紹了意大利著名數(shù)學(xué)家瑪麗亞的成功經(jīng)歷和她為 一些窮人做出的貢獻(xiàn)。We know from the text

6、that Maria .was a maths teacher when she was younglived a rich life in her childhoodwas born in a large familywas too shy to teach othersK答案UcK解析X細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，她媽媽有21個(gè)孩子，所以她出生在一個(gè)大家庭。It can be inferred from the text that .there were some good schools for children when Maria was youngwomen were not

7、 allowed to study science when Maria was a little girlwomen had equal rights to learn anything as boys didMaria had the ability to make enough money to bring up her brothers and sisters when her mother diedK答案U BK解 析U 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第六句中的u .she was living proof of what she had argued at nine years old t

8、hat women had a right to study science.可推知,當(dāng) 時(shí)是不 允許女性學(xué)科學(xué)的。 3. According to the text, Maria was so devoted to maths that she .A. forgot everything when she was studyingB spent over ten years writing her most famous booknever slept while doing researcheswould go on with her study in her dreamK答案H DK解

9、析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句可知，她對(duì)工作執(zhí)著到睡覺時(shí)也會(huì)夢(mèng)游進(jìn)書 房工作。We know from the text that Maria was also a woman.A. kind-heartedB. beautifulC. well-bornD. richK答案AK解 析I 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章后半局部的描述可知，她為別人做了很多事，說明她不僅 是一位偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家，還是一個(gè)“熱心的、善良的“人。BAntarcticas melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 milli

10、meters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)一considered largely unaffected by climate change一may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.The WAIS, whose base i

11、s below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down.Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away.In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to

12、 keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters.But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica s once unassailable ice.A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last yea

13、r, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017.Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times

14、 more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica.But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of AntarcticaT s contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. The more we look at this system, the more we realize t

15、his is fragile, “ Rignot says, “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it. ”Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied.Helen Fricker, a glaciologist （冰 I 學(xué)家）in California, agrees， “ We need to

16、monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can t do that without international cooperation.,語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)南極東部的冰層正在以出人意料的速度融化，其中一個(gè)因素就是海洋暖流的入侵，科學(xué)家主張通過國(guó)際合作來監(jiān)測(cè)南極洲。5 . What is the new finding of scientists?A. The east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate.B - The west Antarctica is meltin

17、g six times faster than in 1979.5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year.The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years.K答案XAK解 析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)南極東部的冰層正在以出人 意料的速度融化，故A項(xiàng)正確。此題干擾性最大的就是D選項(xiàng)，原文第一段第一句中的“at least 13.8 millimeters.有提示，D 項(xiàng)中沒有 at least,故 D 項(xiàng)不對(duì)。Which factor lea

18、ds to the EATS s melting fast?A. A base mostly over sea level.B , The force of gravity.C. The invasion of a warm current.D. Extremely low temperature.K答案UcK 解 析 U 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的 u some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica s once unassailable i

19、ce ” 可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為海洋環(huán)流 攜帶的溫暖的海水入侵南極東部的冰層導(dǎo)致其加速融化，故C項(xiàng)正確。Which of the following best explains “unassailable“ underlined in Para.3?A. Fragile.B. Unattackable.C. Mild.D. Unstable.K答案BK解 析I 詞義猜想題。根據(jù)畫線詞后一句可知，1992年到2017年，南極東部的冰層每年增加50億噸冰，按照常理推斷體積如此龐大的冰層是堅(jiān)不可摧的，由此可知畫線詞詞義為 “堅(jiān)不可摧的”，故B項(xiàng)正確。Which way does Helen Fricker

20、 specially advocate?A. Satellite imagery.B - Global monitoring.C. Worldwide climate modeling.D. Worldwide combined efforts.K答案DK解 析H 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，HelenFricker認(rèn)為我們需要監(jiān)測(cè)南極 洲，沒有國(guó)際合作我們無法做到這一點(diǎn)，由此可知，Helen Fricker主張通過國(guó)際合作來監(jiān)測(cè) 南極洲，故D項(xiàng)正確。CElizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3,1821 in England.While s

21、he was growing up, two of her brothers and six of her sisters died.Elizabeth decided to become a doctor.Her father was a sugar businessman.He encouraged equality（平等）between boys and girls so, unlike most girls, Elizabeth had the same education as boys.One night, when Elizabeth was eleven, a fire des

22、troyed her family, s business.The family became so poor that Mr Blackwell decided to go to America.When the family reached New York, Mr Blackwell tried to start a new business, but failed.In 1837, he died.After being refused several times by medical schools, Elizabeth was finally accepted by Geneva

23、Medical College in New York, largely as a joke.People there, even women, thought she was indecent（下流的）and asked her to leave.But with great determination, Elizabeth graduated with high honors.After graduation, Elizabeth went to Paris to learn more about medicine.Elizabeth returned to America in 1851

24、 .There she helped other women become doctors and opened a medicine store.Then, she begged her rich friends to give money to build a hospital.Elizabeth s dream came true in 1857 when the New York Infirmary for Women and Children opened its doors.lt was the first true hospital for women, run by women

25、 doctors in the world.In 1868, the hospital opened a medical college for women.After that, Elizabeth received a letter from Europe asking her to come to her homeland and do for the women of Europe what she had done in America.She returned to England in 1869.There she served for forty years, which ma

26、de her a hero.語篇解讀 本文介紹了英國(guó)首位取得醫(yī)學(xué)博士學(xué)位的偉大女性Elizabeth Blackwell。What made Elizabeth want to be a doctor?A Her poor family.B - Her father s advice.C. Her family members early death.D. The inequality between girls and boys.K答案IcK解 析I細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Elizabeth年幼時(shí)她的兄弟姐妹相繼死亡，這讓她產(chǎn)生了當(dāng)醫(yī)生的想法。Why did Elizabeth

27、 s family move to America?A. To sell more sugar.B To look for chances to live.C. To open a hospital for women.D. To help Elizabeth study medicine.K答案HBK解 析I細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美國(guó)是為了尋找生存的機(jī)會(huì)。It can be inferred from Para.4 that in America .A. hardly any women studied medicineB , studying me

28、dicine was considered decentC. women were not allowed to receive educationD. women and children suffered a lot from poor healthK答案AK解 析X 推理判斷題。文章第四段講到Elizabeth 一開始遭到很多家醫(yī)學(xué)院的拒絕，在她 被紐約的一家醫(yī)學(xué)院錄取后，當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗兩踔潦菋D女都認(rèn)為她學(xué)醫(yī)很下流，都斥責(zé)她讓她離 開，由此可知，當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎沒有女性學(xué)醫(yī)，因?yàn)樵谌藗兛磥砼詫W(xué)醫(yī)是一件下流的事情。Which is the right order of the following e

29、vents about Elizabeth?She opened the first hospital for women.She opened a medicine store in America.Her family moved to New York.She graduated from a medical school.She returned to England to serve.Her family s business was destroyed.She went to Paris to study medicine.c -fdgb aeB. f-c dg ba-eC. f-

30、cgdbaeD. f-cg d_b_e_aR答案UBK解 析H事件排序題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，所列事件的正確順序是：Elizabeth家的生意因 火災(zāi)而破產(chǎn)f她全家搬到紐約謀生一她從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)f她到巴黎進(jìn)修一她在美國(guó)開了一家藥 店一她開了第一家婦女醫(yī)院f她返回家鄉(xiāng)做貢獻(xiàn)。H.七選五Have you ever imagined the benefits that a good memory can bring to you? 13 Here are four ways to improve your memory.14 There is evidence that sleep plays a vi

31、tal role in the consolidation of memories relating to learning motor skills, such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike.Having a full night s sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps consolidate the processes involved, so they can later be performed well.It s rewarding to continu

32、e education.Older people are often told to adopt a “ use it or lose it” approach to maintaining cognitive（認(rèn)知的）function. 15 In a 2016 study, US researchers found participants aged 60 90 who spent 15 hours a week for three months learning a complex skill, such as digital photography, saw significant i

33、mprovements in memory tests.Taking a break counts. 16 More than a century ago, German scientists showed that people performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.It s useful to stay social.Having an active social life delays memory loss as we age, US scientists who asked people

34、in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year between 2001 and 2007 found the decline in recall abilities of their most sociable subjects to be half that of the least well connected. 17A. Sleeping well helps strengthen memories.Old people should participate in easy activitiesYoga, meditation or other relaxation techniques may help.Memories can be destroyed if t