2022年中考英語語法講義（代詞）（無答案）

1、 代詞一、人稱代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞I我memyminemyselfyou你 youyouryoursyourselfhe他himhishishimselfshe她herherhersherselfit它ititsitsitselfwe我們usouroursourselvesyou你們youyouryoursyourselvesthey他們themtheirtheirsthemselves1. 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。I like table tennis. （作主語）Do you know him?（作賓語）2. 幾個人稱代詞并列做主

2、語時，它們的順序是單數(shù)形式（二三一） you, he, she and I you, Peter, Alice and I復(fù)數(shù)形式（一二三） we, you and they但是當(dāng)受到批評或時承認(rèn)錯誤時正好相反，I 在最前，you 在最后。3. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. 我們的老師將要來看我們。This is her pencil-box. 這是她的鉛筆盒4. 名詞性物主代詞常用來避免和前面已提及的名詞重復(fù)，其作用相當(dāng)于名詞并且相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Our

3、 school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語） 這里的theirs相當(dāng)于their school Is this English-book yours? （作表語） No. Mine is in my bag.這里的yours, mine相當(dāng)于your/my English-bookIve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語）5. 名詞性物主代詞可以用在of 后做定語，相當(dāng)于“of+名詞所有格”表示帶有部分概念。例如：He is a friend of mine. 他是我的

4、一位朋友。 A friend of my fathers is a doctor.我爸爸的一個朋友是醫(yī)生。6. 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。Would you please express yourself in English? 你能用英語表達(dá)自己的想法嗎The girl in the news is myself. 新聞里的女孩正是我自己。I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）我自己洗了衣服。He knows himself well.他很了解他自己。反身代詞常用的短語teach oneself 自學(xué)

5、 learn by oneself 自學(xué)enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun 玩的高興help oneself to 隨便吃 come to oneself 蘇醒make yourself at home 別拘束Exercise:1. His MP3 is the same as , but it is more expensive.A. himB. mineC. myD. her2. Is this the Greens house?No. _ is over there.A. His B. Their C. Their D. Them3. Is

6、this kite _ , Tom?Yes, its mine. Its made by _ .A. yours, myself B. mine, myself C. ours, himself4. Is Miss White _ English teacher, Maria? No, she teaches _ geography.A. your; my B. you; mine C. you; us D. your; us5. Who is the best friend of _ at school? I think Helen is. We often help each other.

7、 A. mine B. his C. yours D. hers6. How was the evening party yesterday? We enjoyed _ very much.A. usB. ourselvesC. itsD. itself 7. His name is James but he calls _ Jim.A. his B. himself C. him D. /8. Betty, help _ to some soup.Thanks a lot.A. youB. your C. yourselfD. yours9. Help _ to some fish, chi

8、ldren.Thanks.A. you B. yours C. yourselfD. yourselves填空1. At the age of eight, the boy started teaching _ (he) mathematics.2. She said to _ (she) , What a hard problem!3. The children all thought that they could look after _(they).4. I dont like the present _(it) , but the box.5. The visitors helped

9、 _ (they) to the cakes.6. It was noisy in the room. I could hardly hear _ (I) speak.二、指示代詞這,這個那，那個這些那些thisthatthesethose1. this 和these 一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that 和those則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time.2. 有時that 和thos

10、e 指前面講到過的事物，this 和these 則是指下面將要講到的事物。例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了，這是我沒有來的原因。What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English我想說：學(xué)習(xí)英語時發(fā)音很重要。3. 有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat 或those 代替。例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.

11、 北京造的電視和上海造的一樣好。 The weather here is much hotter than that in Beijing. 這里的天氣比北京的熱很多。4. this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?你好，我是Mary. 你是Jack嗎？Exercise：1. The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.A. ones B. that C. those D. it 2. Look! Whats _

12、in the sky?It looks like a kite.A. thisB. thatC. thoseD. these3. Have you found your lost mobile phone? No, I havent found _, but I bought _ this morning. A. one; thatB. that; oneC. it; oneD. one; it三、疑問代詞疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。疑問詞意思用法when什么時間問時間what time什么時間問具體時間，如幾點鐘who誰問人whose誰的問主人whe

13、re在哪里問地點which哪一個問選擇why為什么問原因what什么問東西、事物what color什么顏色問顏色what about怎么樣問意見what day星期幾問星期幾what date什么日期問日期how怎么樣問情況how old多大年紀(jì)問年齡how many多少數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）問數(shù)量how much多少錢，多少數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞）問多少錢或數(shù)量（不可數(shù)）how about怎么樣問意見how often多久問頻率how long多長時間問時間長度how far多遠(yuǎn)問多遠(yuǎn)；多長距離四、不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。不定代詞沒有確定

14、的對象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。both兩者都all三者都neither兩者都不none三者都不either兩者（任一個）any三者（任一個）each兩者（以上）每一個every三者（以上）每一個both of.兩者都謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式neither of.兩者都不謂語動詞單數(shù)形式all of三者都謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)形式none of.三者都不

15、謂語動詞單數(shù)形式each of.每一個都謂語動詞單數(shù)形式both.and.兩者都謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式either.or.兩者任一謂語動詞就近原則neither.nor.既不.也不.謂語動詞就近原則not only.but also.不僅.而且.謂語動詞就近原則as well as并且，以及謂語動詞就遠(yuǎn)原則注：every后面不能直接加of辨析1. some 與any 的區(qū)別a. some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Look! Some students are cleaning the library. 看！有些學(xué)生在打掃圖書館。2）any

16、 多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有任何困難，可以來問我。3）希望得到對方的肯定回答時，用some而不用any。例如：Would you like some tea? 你想喝點茶嗎？2. few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的區(qū)別a. 用作形容詞用法 含義表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few 雖少，但有幾個few 不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little 雖少，但有一點little 不多，沒有什么

17、Im going to buy a few apples.我去買一些蘋果。He can speak only a little Chinese.他只會說一點點中文。There is only a little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里只有一點點牛奶。He has few friends.他幾乎沒有朋友。They had little money with them.他們身邊幾乎沒錢。b. a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little 表示“有點，稍微”，little 表示“很少”。Im a little /a bit hungry. 我有一點點餓。 (修

18、飾形容詞hungry)Let him sleep a little. 讓他睡一小會兒。 (修飾動詞sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. Mary，請走快一點。(修飾副詞比較級)She slept very little last night. 她昨天晚上只睡了一會兒。not a little =very much 十分 not a bit =notat all 一點也不3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的區(qū)別用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人a

19、nother (boy)另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他（男孩）特定the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個(男孩)the other (boys)其余那些(男孩)1） other 可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。Where are his other books?他的其他的書在哪里？I havent any other books except this one. 除了這本書我沒有其他書了。2）other 作代詞時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some 搭配構(gòu)成“som

20、e , others .”，意為 “一些另一些”。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.3）other 也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the 連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one 搭配，構(gòu)成“one ., the other .” 意為“一個另一個”He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.She held a rule

21、r in one hand and an exercise book in the other.4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。可與some和one搭配，構(gòu)成 “one. the others.”和“some. the others. ” 意為 “一個其他的”和“一些其他的”We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another 可以作形容詞用，修

22、飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one。也可以作代詞用“另一個”，表追加。You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.6）表示互相each other表示兩者之間的互相one another表示三者及三者以上之間的互相We often write to each o

23、ther.我們經(jīng)?；ハ鄬懶拧he football players shake hands with one another before the match.比賽開始前足球運動員互相握手。區(qū)分：a. There are two students in the classroom. （二者之間）One is reading a book, the other is doing his homework.b. There are three students in the classroom.（三者之間）One is reading a book, another is doing his h

24、omework, the third is sleeping.c. There are five students in the classroom. （特定的范圍）One is reading a book, the others are doing their homework.One is reading a book, the other students are doing their homework.One is reading a book, the other four are doing their homework.One is reading a book, the r

25、est are doing their homework.d. There are forty students in the classroom.（特定范圍）Some are reading a book, the others are doing their homework.e. There are many students on the playground. （大范圍）Some are playing football, others are playing basketball.4. every 與each 的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨使用1)不可單獨使用2)可做代名詞、

26、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4）用于三者或三者以上的每一個人或物each of every one of當(dāng)我們說each child, each student 或each teacher 時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child 和every student 時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every 的意思與all 接近，表示他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Ev

27、ery child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. too much 與much too 的用法too much 后面接不可數(shù)名詞，意為“太多”much too 后面接形容詞，意為“太”He is much too fat because he has eaten too much butter.他太胖了因為他吃了太多黃油。6. 復(fù)合不定代詞somebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody 沒人everybody 任何人someone 某人anyone 任何人no one 沒人everyone 任何人something 某事a

28、nything 任何事nothing 沒事everything 任何事復(fù)合不定代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)，在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。復(fù)合不定代詞的指代對象a. 含-body 和-one 的復(fù)合不定代詞只用來指人，含-body 的復(fù)合不定代詞與含-one 的復(fù)合不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body 時顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one 時顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場合及書面語中。如：Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房間哭。No one/Nobody is stupid. 沒有誰是愚蠢的。b. 含

29、-thing 的復(fù)合不定代詞只用來指事物。如：Are you going to buy anything? 你會去買東西嗎？I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只聽到了你的聲音。c. 復(fù)合不定代詞的屬格(1) 含-one 和-body 等指人的復(fù)合代詞可有-s 屬格形式。如：Everybodys business is nobodys business.大家的事情沒人管。Is this anybodys seat? 這兒有人坐嗎？(2) 含-one 和-body 等指人的復(fù)合代詞后跟else 時，-s 屬格應(yīng)加在else之后。如：Can you rememb

30、er someone elses name? 你還記得其他人的姓名嗎？(3) 含-thing 等指事物的復(fù)合不定代詞沒有-s 屬格形式。d. 復(fù)合不定代詞的數(shù)(1) 復(fù)合不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被看成是單數(shù)第三人稱。當(dāng)它們充當(dāng)句子的主語時，其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齊了嗎？Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。(2) 當(dāng)要對一群人講話時，可使用以復(fù)合不定代詞作主語的祈使句，句中的動詞用原形。如：Nobody move！= Don

31、t anybody move！ 都別動！程度好的Everyone lie down! 統(tǒng)統(tǒng)趴下！ Help yourselves to some sweets, everyone. 大家隨便吃點糖果。 e. 復(fù)合不定代詞的替代問題由于復(fù)合不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，所以在正規(guī)的英語中用來替代它們的代詞也應(yīng)該是單數(shù)形式。(1) 含-one 和-body 等指人的復(fù)合代詞，其代詞應(yīng)該是he/she, him/her, 其-s 屬格形式的代詞應(yīng)該是his/her, his/hers。如：Everyone has his/her own words. 每個人都有他（她）自己的說辭。但是，這樣一來就會因為

32、性別的差異而使得在代詞的運用上具有不確定性，所以為了避免這種別扭的情況，我們一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口語中以及非正式場合下。如：No one gave you a ticket, did they? 沒人給你票，是嗎？Someone came in, but I didnt know who they were. 有人進(jìn)來了，但我不知道是誰。(2) 含-thing 等指事物的復(fù)合不定代詞，不會因性別上的差異而使得在代詞的運用上產(chǎn)生不確定性，因此我們就使用it。如：Something goes wrong, doesnt it?出問題了，是嗎？f. 不定代

33、詞的定語復(fù)合不定代詞的定語必須后置，即放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。如：Can you tell me something interesting? 你能講些有趣的事情嗎？Is there anybody important here? 這兒有大人物嗎？g. 復(fù)合不定代詞的否定(1) “not every-”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。例如Not everything will go well. 并非一切都會那么順利。The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老師并沒有點所有人的名。(2) “not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：He list

34、ened, but heard nothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。= He listened, but didnt hear anything.You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?Exercise: 選擇題1. Which one would you like to take, this one or that one? I would like to take _.A. two B. both C. all D.

35、two of them2. These two pianos are very good. You can choose _of them. A. both B. each C. either D. any3. Either Bill or Black said that he himself was right, and _ of them would give in.A. none B. both C. no D. neither4. I looked through several books, and I liked_ of them.A. neither B. no C. none

36、D. nothing5. On _side of the street we could see shops and restaurants.A. either B. every C. both D. all6. Please come at_ time. Ill show you_ my stamps.A. any, all B. all, anyC. some, some D. any, every7.Im afraid I dont like these postcards. Can you show me some_?A. another B. other C. others D. /

37、8. He has bought two colour TV sets. _is made in Shanghai, and _is made in Japan.A. One, another B. One, otherC. Each, other D. One, the other9. The students are planting trees in the park. _are watering the trees._ are digging.A. Some, the others B. Some, others C. Ones, other D. one after another1

38、0. They said hello to _ when they met on the ship.A. each other B. one other C. one the other D. one, another 11. They gave me some ideas, but_ of them can solve my problem.A. none B. no C. not any D. nothing12. Soapy tasted the two dishes, and said he liked _.A. neither B. any C. anything D. either

39、13. At the party _child was given a bag of sweets.A. every one B. each C. everyone D. all14. _said that the concert was very good.A. All students B. All of studentsC. All the students D. The all students15. Could you give me some books to read? _ will do.A. Anyone B. Any one C. Everyone D. Every one

40、16. Oh, youve bought a lot of food. Is_ coming this afternoon? Yes, Mr Johnson.A. any B. someone C. one D. some one17. I dont know why I never had_ luck in exams.A. some B. any C. no D. any of18. There are four foreign teachers in our school. One is English,_ are American.A. the other three B. anoth

41、er threeC. others D. three others19. I didnt buy anything expensive in Europe. Just _ small things.A. few B. a few C. some of D. a few of20. Could I have _ eggs please? Yes. How many?A. some B. any C. few D. plenty21. Is _ here, Lily? Yes. All are here except John.A. all B. everybody C. anyone D. so

42、mebody22. Id like_ milk in my tea.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few23._ the oranges are bad. Pick them out.A. Several B. Few of C. A few D. Several of24. _ of the first three winners got a prize.A. Every B. Each C. Everyone D. Everybody25. He has kept of the old photos.A. everyone B. every oneC.

43、 every D. anyone26. Two boys came in and I gave a bar of chocolate to_.A. everyone B. all C. each D. anyone27. _ were invited to the party.A. They most B. Most themC. Most of them D. Most they28. I saw him smoking one cigarette, then . I knew it was harmful toA. another, others B. other, othersC. ot

44、her, another D. another, other29. Its not mine. It could be_.A. someone elses B. someones elseC. someone else D. someone else30. Dont tell others her story. Its only between _ .A. you and me B. yourself and myselfC. you and I D. yours and mine31. The sick old man hoped_ would stay to look after him.

45、A. one B. any C. not one D. someone32. The sports car was beautiful, but many people liked._ beside it.A. one B. the one C. it D. that用不定代詞填空1All of us were invited, but n_ of us came. 2The weather in Shanghai is different from t_ in Baotou. 3The bottle is empty. There is n_ in it. 4Today, too many

46、trees are still being cut down s_ in the world. 5These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me a_ one. 6“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?” “I like _ , because theyre not useful.”7They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. 8My father is very busy with hi

47、s work. He has _ time to do the housework. 課堂檢測1. -Is _ OK, Lucy?-No, my maths is not as good as English.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothing D. anything2. The boy was so attracted by the computer games that he forgot _ else.A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything3. -Whats in the box?- Its emp

48、ty. There is _ in it.A. noneB. no oneC. nothingD. something4. _of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None5. It rained heavily this morning, but _ of my classmates were away from school.A. neither B. none C. all D. both6. - Which do you prefer,

49、 a CD player or a walkman?- _. I prefer the new kind of MP4.A. BothB. NoneC. Neither D. Either7. Shirley had to buy _ these CDs because she didnt know which one to take.A. allB. noneC. eachD. both8. -Heres coffee and tea. You may have_.-Thanks.A. either B. eachC. one D. it9. Obey the traffic rules a

50、nd learn to protect yourself. _ is more important than life.A. Nothing B. SomethingC. Everything D. Anything10. I have _ to do. Please give me _ to read.A. something, anything B. nothing, somethingC. nothing, everything D. anything, nothing11. - Got any information about High School Examination?-Wel

51、l, 1 was trying to, but found_.A. oneB. no oneC. none D. some12. _is watching TV. Lets turn it off.A. Somebody B. AnybodyC. Nobody D. Everybody13. -Do you want tea or coffee? -_. I really dont mind.A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither14. Money is important in my life. But it isnt _ to me.A. everything

52、B. somethingC. nothing D. anything15. Can you hear the strange noise from the washing machine?_ must be wrong with it.A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something16. Mrs Smith has two children, _is a driver and _ is a nurse.A. one, anotherB. one, the otherC. one, otherD. one, others17. Put it down, Richard.

53、You mustnt read _ letter.A. anyones elsesB. anyones elseC. anyone elsesD. anyone else18. The parents _ go to the cinema.A. want both to B. both want toC. want both to D. want to both19. Please keep together. We want _ of you to get lost.A. noneB. someC. many D. any20. “You are not right. Im not righ

54、t, either” means _.A. Either of us are not rightB. Neither of us is rightC. Both of us are right課后作業(yè)1. In our English class,the English teacher asked us to stand up and introduce_.A)we B)us C)our D) ourselves2. Helen was too angry to say _.A)nothing B)something C)anything D)everything3. Weve decided

55、 to decorate our new flat by this weekend.A)us B)our C)ours D)ourselvesCan you come on Monday or Tuesday , John? Im afraid day is possible. I will be very busy on those days.A)every B)someC)eitherD)neither5. Mr. Smiths never angry with their daughter. Mrs. Smith.A) So is B) So has C) Neither is D) N

56、either has6. As students, we should work hard and do best to realize our dreams.A) us B) our C) ours D) ourselves7. Frank looks very worried today. There must be _ wrong with him.A) anything B) nothing C) something D) everything8. Although advertisement enable_ to make decisions quickly, they someti

57、mes cause lots of trouble.A) we B) our C) us D) ours9. Did you see Mary and her sister this morning? Yes, I saw_ girls playing in the playground.A) either B) neither C) any D) both10. This is my father. _ is a farmer in the north of China.A)He B)HimC)His D) Hes11. Mother came into my study with a cu

58、p of milk in one of her hands, and an apple in_.A)the others B)other C)the otherD) another12. Sometimes parents find _ hard to communicate with their children.A)this B)that C)it D)one13. I feel too tired now and I need a cup of tea to relax_.A) my B) myself C) me D) mine14. You can close your eyes f

59、or _seconds after watching TV for too long.A) a few B) few C) a little D) little15. Its unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of _words.A) few B) little C) many D) much16. Theyve bought a car of_ own so that it will be more convenient to travel around.A)they B) them C) their D) t

60、heirs17. After you get off the bus, you can take _of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.A) neither B) both C) either D) any 18. Mr. Blacks always proud of his students excellent work. _ Mrs. Brown.A) Neither hasB) So has C) Neither isD) So is19. My grandma showed _some old pictures that brought b