英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講和練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講和練習(xí)定義：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：have/has+ done () 否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+ done ()+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+ done ()+其他.簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.(否定)注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如:come，g

2、o，die，marry，buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for，since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。用來(lái)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或表過(guò)去重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語(yǔ)連用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常和，ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在過(guò)去幾年）

3、 , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問(wèn)句）, just(剛剛), before（以前）, recently（近來(lái)） 等詞連用說(shuō)明：already與yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里)I have had my lu

4、nch. (我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓)I cant find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手。for+時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過(guò)去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法A表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）

5、。例如： The car has arrived.車子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）B. 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.

6、 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國(guó)。 How long have you been here? 你來(lái)這里多久了？ 注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）。例如： (1)這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。 錯(cuò)誤：I have bought the book for three months. 正確：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥參軍多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ 錯(cuò)誤：How long has your brother joined the army? 正確：How long has your brother been

7、 in the army/been a soldier?英語(yǔ)中的短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種，一種是延續(xù)性的，一種是終止性的。動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式，動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)詞是一種延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)詞可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live等。終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果之后，就不能再繼續(xù)下去。如：leave，s

8、tart，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),for+時(shí)間段, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中。終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí), 可用以下方法: .將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為

9、時(shí)間段 + ago，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years 將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)即可和一段時(shí)間連用，其常用的方法有如下幾種：a直接替換，即用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換的主要有

10、：buyhave，borrow keep，come go becomebe，catch get a coldhave a cold，等。bbe名詞：join the Party Leaguebe a Party League member， go to schoolbe a student，join the armybe a soldier等。cbe形容詞副詞：diebe dead，leavebe away（from），put onbe on，finish endbe over，begin startbe on，comebe here in，fall asleepbe asleep，go ou

11、tbe out等。dbe介詞短語(yǔ)：go to schoolbe in at school，join the army be in the army等。e去掉短語(yǔ)中的短暫性動(dòng)詞：get to knowknow，come to workwork，begin to studystudy等。1終止性動(dòng)詞的用法 1）終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作的完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：The plane has arrived.飛機(jī)到了。I have finished my homework. 我已完成了作業(yè)。 2）終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

12、連用。如：他死了三年了。誤：He has died for three years他來(lái)這兒三個(gè)月了。誤：he has come here for three months兩句中的動(dòng)詞die和come都為終止性動(dòng)詞，它們可用于完成時(shí)，但不能同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)for three years months連用。那這兩句如何譯成英語(yǔ)呢？我們可采用下列方法： A用能夠表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。如：He has been dead for three yearsHe has been here for three months B把誤句中表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

13、，原動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)改為過(guò)去時(shí)。如： He died three years agoHe came here three months ago C用“It is has been 一段時(shí)間since（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It is has been three years since he diedIt is has been three months since he came here D用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間has passed since（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Three years has passed since he diedThree months has passed since h

14、e came here3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已成為一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I havent heard from him for two weeks我已兩個(gè)星期沒(méi)收到他的信了。He hasnt left here since 1990自從1990年以來(lái)，他一直沒(méi)有離開過(guò)這兒。4）終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式同until一起連用，構(gòu)成“notuntil”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到才”，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作直到until所表達(dá)的時(shí)間到來(lái)時(shí)才發(fā)生。如：We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops直到雨停了我們才會(huì)去參

15、觀長(zhǎng)城。When did you go to bed last night？昨晚你幾點(diǎn)鐘點(diǎn)上床睡覺的？I didnt go to bed until my father got home直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡覺。5）在while（表示“一段時(shí)間”）引導(dǎo)的從句中，不能用終止性動(dòng)詞，但when可以，因?yàn)閣hen可表示“時(shí)間的點(diǎn)”，也可表示“一段時(shí)間”。如：誤：While I got to the village，it was dark正：When I got to the village，it was dark6）終止性動(dòng)詞肯定式的完成時(shí)不能和how long連用。如：誤：How long ha

16、ve you borrow the book？可改用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或與when連用的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。正：How long have you kept the book？正：When did you borrow the book？2延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法 1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)可以同一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I have waited for him for nearly two hours我等他快兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。 2）終止性動(dòng)詞不能和表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。同樣，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也不能和表示短暫時(shí)間的時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。如：誤：It rained at eight yesterday morningrain為

17、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight是表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)，顯然矛盾。如果要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的行為，可以借助come，get， begin等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning3）在until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式，但句子含義不同。試比較：She listened to the radio until her father came back她一直聽收音機(jī)到她父親回來(lái)。She didnt listen to the radio until her fath

18、er came back直到她父親回來(lái)才聽收音機(jī)。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at 2. come/go out be out go/come be here 4. leave be away / from 5. join the army-be in the army /be a soldierjoin the Party-be in the Party /be a Party member die be dead 7. catch a cold have a cold 8. begin / start =be

19、on end/finish-be over 10. put on wear 11. buy have 12. borrow keep 13. become be 14. fall asleep be asleep 15. fall ill/sick be ill/sick 16. lose be lost 17. get to know begin to know18. go to sleep/ get to sleep=sleep 19. get up be up 20. close be closed21. move be out of 22. break be broken 23. ma

20、rry be married24. go be away 25. wake be awake 26. get to know - know 27.wearput on 28. open be open 用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換短暫性動(dòng)詞，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“綠色中國(guó)”已經(jīng)三年了。 The old man died 4 year

21、s ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間(for 2 years), since+從句(since he came here), since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long;

22、 for a long time等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：ago, last week/.， in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday

23、 ., then(那時(shí)),that day, one day, once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和recently（近來(lái)），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問(wèn)句）, just(剛剛), before（以前）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 比較since和forsince 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)， for

24、后接時(shí)間段，試比較：I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has)

25、 gone to表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng))到/去過(guò)上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for t

26、hree days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)（1） = 1 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT I. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three

27、days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the do

28、or an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. = He _ the army for a year. = It _ a year _ he joined the army. = 2 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT II. 單項(xiàng)選擇。The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D. has written Ha

29、ve you met Mr. Li _？A. Just B. ago C.before D.a moment agoHow long have you _ here ? About two months .A. been B. gone C. come D. arrivedOur country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed; better _ you _ your homewor

30、k yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finishWe _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knewHarry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.seeThese farmers

31、 have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?A. will they go B.did they go C. do they go D. have they gone Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .A.joined B. has joined C

32、. was in D. has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D. still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been

33、 on D. began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . A. Is B. has C. will D. was( )15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been( )17. The

34、students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( ) 18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. ha

35、s started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university = 3 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT III. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑問(wèn)句） 2. They have been here since 2001. (提問(wèn)) _ have they been here?3. The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)

36、換) This factory _ for twenty years.5. Miss Green left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Green _ an hour ago.6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . = 4 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT IV. 漢譯英。1. 他昨天收到一封信。_2. 我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。_3. 她去過(guò)上海。_4. 他這些天上哪兒去了？_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)（2）一、 單項(xiàng)選

37、擇。1. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish2. His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in3. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten

38、years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made4. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away5. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in6. The factory _ since the February of 1988

39、. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened7. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become8. The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over9. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has c

40、ome to C. has taught10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C.

41、have, been14. Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take15.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. He has never surfed, _?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句） 2. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.3.

42、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .4. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.三、用過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00

43、.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science mu