4-危害與影響管理過程

1、Hazard 危害The POTENTIAL to harm 有潛在傷害An Event, Circumstance or Condition with the potential to harm, including ill health, injury or death, damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses or increased liabilities 一個事件，情況或狀況有潛在傷害，包括生病，受傷或死亡，財產(chǎn)損失，工廠，生產(chǎn)或環(huán)境受損，生產(chǎn)損失或債務(wù)增加Hazard and

2、 Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理過程 1Identify the Hazards 識別危害Determine: 決定what are the hazards? 危害是什么?what could go wrong?什么可能導(dǎo)致出錯?Can someone get hurt? 會有人受傷嗎？how could an incident occur? 事故會怎樣發(fā)生?Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理程序2Items to consider when looking at potent

3、ial hazards潛在的危害-去尋找什么Environment conditions: 環(huán)境狀況any conditions that may be hazardous to safety or health?有哪些情況可能對安全和健康有危害?any gases, vapor, mists, fumes, or dust in area?在區(qū)域內(nèi)有氣體，蒸汽或灰塵嗎？ventilation adequate to remove any air contaminants?充足的通風(fēng)保證空氣流通？any sources of heat or cold? 有熱氣或冷氣來源嗎？any radiat

4、ion sources? 有輻射源嗎？adequate lighting to see the complete job? 光線是否充足？Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理程序3(2) Injurious Contact: 危險接觸Are there any pinch points?是不是有能夾到人的點？Can people come in contact with, be struck by moving parts of equipment? 人會接觸或者被移動設(shè)備卡到嗎？Is there sufficient room

5、 to work? 有足夠的工作空間嗎？Are energy sources controlled? 能源有得到控制嗎？Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理程序4(3) Over-exertion: 用力過度 Can a strain be caused by exerting?用力可能引起拉傷嗎？ Does the employee have good body position?雇員的姿勢正確嗎?Does the job require lifting of excessive weight?工作需要吊裝重物嗎？Does t

6、he employee twist while lifting?雇員在吊裝時身體彎曲了嗎？Does this job have repetitive motions?工作有重復(fù)舉動嗎？Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理程序5(4) Slips, trips and falls: 滑倒，絆倒，跌倒Is the floor slippery?地板滑嗎？Is it uneven surfaces? 表面是不是不光滑？Is there any floor opening? 地面有洞嗎?Is there any chance of a

7、fall to another level? 有跌落的可能性嗎？Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理程序6 No Signs / Barriers沒有標(biāo)識/屏障No Signs / Barriers沒有標(biāo)識/屏障Green Scaff-tag綠色腳手架牌Scaffolding Unfit for Use!腳手架不適合使用！7(5) Other key Safety behaviours 其他主要的安全行為Do employees wear proper PPE? 雇員有穿勞保嗎？Are the correct tools ava

8、ilable? 是否有正確的工具？Are tools correctly used? 是否正確使用工具？Is communications established? 是否溝通良好？Is preventive maintenance programme up to date? 預(yù)防維護(hù)措施是否更新？Hazard and Effects Management Process (HEMP)危害與影響管理程序8Examples are:例如Thermal熱量Extreme temperatures Chemical超高的化工溫度Toxic & hazardous chemical毒性& 危害化學(xué)制品L

9、oss of containment遏制損失 Biological生物Expose to harmful bacterium曝光對有害的細(xì)菌 Human fatigue人的疲勞 Kinetic運動Metal fatigue 金屬疲勞Dropped objects停止項目Loss of control失去控制Environmental condition環(huán)境狀況Poor visibility可見度低Slippery Road Surfaces防滑路面Human factor人為因素Incompetence無能力Violations 侵害Potential to Harm, an event, c

10、ircumstance or condition一個事件，情況或狀況有潛在傷害HAZARDS 危害 9JHAs頂端事件屏障危害威脅后果屏障危險分析 蝴蝶結(jié)逐步升級因素預(yù)防控制逐步升級因素 阻止威脅補救控制逐步升級因素逐步升級因素后果 1后果 3后果2補救措施危險威脅 2頂事件威脅1威脅311What is a Threat? 什么是威脅？The likely CAUSE for the Hazard to be released可能釋放危害的起因12Examples are例子是:Thermal 熱量Increased production/flaring Chemical增加生產(chǎn)和流動的化學(xué)

11、制品Failure due to corrosion腐蝕引起的失敗Improper handling of hazardous chemical不正當(dāng)處理危害化學(xué)制品 Punctured container Biological被刺的容器生物Inadequate rest 休息不充分Human fatigue Kinetic人的疲勞運動Loose objects not secured寬松對象沒有鞏固Loss of control Environmental condition失去控制環(huán)境的條件Poor visibility Human factor不可預(yù)見性的人為因素Incompetence

12、無能力Slips & Lapses 滑倒和流逝A cause that may release a hazard to produce a top event可能釋放危害引起頂端事件THREAT威脅 13Examples are:例如Thermal熱量Guards & Shield防護(hù)裝置&防護(hù)罩Chemical化學(xué)Inhibitors, corrosion allowance, PPE抗化劑, 腐蝕容限, 勞動保護(hù)用品Biological生物Adequate rest, PPE充分的休息Kinetic運動Procedures, maintenance plan規(guī)程, 維護(hù)計劃 Environ

13、mental環(huán)境Warnings, training, drills警告, 訓(xùn)練, 操練 Human factor人為因素Rules & procedures規(guī)則&規(guī)程A control measure put in place to prevent threats from releasing a hazard一個控制措施，防止危害釋放的威脅BARRIER屏障14What is a TOP EVENT? 什么是頂端事件 ?The Released of the Hazard when all the barriers put in place have failed當(dāng)所有屏障都失效后危害得到

14、釋放15Examples are:例如Thermal熱量Exposure to extreme heat極端熱量輻射 Chemical化學(xué)Loss of containment遏制損失Biological生物L(fēng)oss of control失去控制Kinetic運動Falling objects物體墜落Loss of control失去控制Environmental環(huán)境Collision碰擊Discharge exceed legalrequirements電核輻射超標(biāo)Human factor人為因素Rules are breached規(guī)則被破壞A Top Event is when a haz

15、ard has been released, when the barriers have failed當(dāng)屏障失效后危害得到釋放TOP EVENT頂端事件16Effect 影響 The consequence of not managing a top event 不能管理頂端事件的后果17Examples are:例如Abnormal operating conditions反常操作條件 maintenance mode維護(hù)方式Environmental variations環(huán)境變化extreme weather conditions極端天氣情況Human error人為失誤rule var

16、iations規(guī)程變化Lapses差錯Exceeding response capabilities超出反應(yīng)能力Maintenance failure維護(hù)失效ESCALATIONFACTORS 惡化因素Conditions that lead to increased escalation - things get worse after the top event!引起惡化的情況-頂端事件后事情變得更遭18Examples are:例如System to detect and abate incidents檢測和消減系統(tǒng)gas, fire and smoke alarms氣體、火和煙探測器

17、ESDsDeluge洪水System to protect primary functions系統(tǒng)保護(hù)的主要作用fire and blast wall防風(fēng)和火的隔離墻protective coating防護(hù)涂層 drain systems排泄系統(tǒng)Operational systems for emergency management緊急操作系統(tǒng)管理contingency plans后備計劃training, drills訓(xùn)練,操練ESCALATIONCONTROLS惡化控制措施All technical, operational and organizational measures that

18、 limit the chain of events arising from a top event所有技術(shù)的，操作的及組織的措施，限制由頂端事件引起的事件發(fā)生19Examples are:例如Loss 損失of property財產(chǎn)of equipment設(shè)備Fatalities致命Damage 損傷Environment環(huán)境Asset財產(chǎn) CONSEQUENCE 后果The results of the escalation of a top event & failure of recovery preparedness頂端事件惡化和恢復(fù)準(zhǔn)備措施失效的結(jié)果20Equipment fai

19、lures設(shè)備出錯Hazard危害 - FIRE火災(zāi)!Escalation 惡化Consequences 后果FIRE!Poor Housekeeping保潔不好Flammable materials易燃物improper storage, leaks錯誤的貯存，泄漏Incompetent operator不稱職的操作人員Likely Causes 可能的起因Gas welding, cutting氣體焊接，切割Total loss全部損失急救培訓(xùn)滅火器保險程序培訓(xùn)維護(hù)安全區(qū)域程序監(jiān)督屏障應(yīng)急反應(yīng)Injury 受傷AssetDamage資產(chǎn)受損Explosion爆炸21Hazards & Ef

20、fects Management Process危險源及其影響 管理過程RECOVER恢復(fù)CONTROL控制ASSESS評估IDENTIFY辨識HEMPHSE Management System健康安全環(huán)境管理體系 Leadership and Commitment 管理層與承諾Policy & Strategic Objectives 政策和戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)Management Review 管理層審核Corrective Action & Improvement糾正措施和改進(jìn)Audit 審計Organisation, Responsibilities 組織, 責(zé)任Resources, Standa

21、rds and Documents 資源, 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 和 文件Monitoring 監(jiān)測Planning & Procedure 計劃和程序HEMP 危險源及其影響管理過程 Corrective Action糾正措施Implementation 執(zhí)行Corrective Action & Improvement糾正措施和改進(jìn)HEMP 管理體系的心臟22Identify辨識Control控制Assess評估RISKS TOLERABILITY & ALARP風(fēng)險容忍度及合理的最低限度Recover恢復(fù)RECORD記錄HEMP 四步驟23哪些方面會出現(xiàn)風(fēng)險？出現(xiàn)風(fēng)險的可能性有多大？風(fēng)險會帶來哪些影響？

22、管理風(fēng)險了解風(fēng)險風(fēng)險=不良事件產(chǎn)生的可能性及其后果HSE 風(fēng)險管理辨識評估控制恢復(fù)24Identify 風(fēng)險識別:在我的工作崗位上和工作中存在哪些危險因素？Assess 風(fēng)險評估: 我應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)用風(fēng)險評估矩陣？Control 風(fēng)險控制: 我應(yīng)該如何防止危害發(fā)生？Recover 風(fēng)險恢復(fù): 我應(yīng)該如何盡量降低風(fēng)險帶來的危害？ 在我的工作崗位上和工作中，應(yīng)該采取那些措施來管理風(fēng)險？Take 采取Transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移Treat 處理Terminate 終止 / 避免Risk Response Strategies 風(fēng)險對應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略HEMP Techniques & Tools 技術(shù)及工具 25危險因素

23、后果威脅1威脅2威脅3威脅4威脅n后果n后果3后果2后果1恢復(fù)措施控制措施事件/事故危險因素分析蝴蝶結(jié)模型HSE 風(fēng)險管理26危險因素屏障恢復(fù)準(zhǔn)備措施后果事件/事故后果后果蝴蝶結(jié)模型控制措施（保持在可控制范圍內(nèi)）為應(yīng)急作好準(zhǔn)備目標(biāo)：降低可能性（主動預(yù)防）目標(biāo)：減輕后果以防再次發(fā)生（事后采取行動）HSE 風(fēng)險管理27Escalation逐步升級Consequences后果Threats (Likely Causes)威脅(可能的起因)Loose items not properly secured忽視薄弱環(huán)節(jié)Damaged slings/shackles吊繩毀壞Standing under th

24、e load站在吊臂下Incompetent CraneOperator沒有起重能力的操作員Bad weather惡劣天氣停止項目Load too heavy裝載太重IDENTIFY辨識ASSESS評估RECOVER恢復(fù)CONTROL控制嚴(yán)重的頭部受傷環(huán)境損害其他傷害Wrong Communication溝通有誤致命 BARRIERS屏障監(jiān)督 & 培訓(xùn)增加標(biāo)示穿戴安全帽和盔甲規(guī)程 適當(dāng)監(jiān)督訓(xùn)練 & 監(jiān)督監(jiān)督& 訓(xùn)練 訓(xùn)練& 操作證檢查,顏色編制程序警報信號BOWTIE for Lifting Operations 起吊作業(yè)的蝴蝶結(jié)28陸地運輸風(fēng)險分析不合格的司機(jī)司機(jī)受酒精影響第三方機(jī)械故障碰撞

25、/翻車受傷醫(yī)療救護(hù)維修保養(yǎng)威脅路況差 超速駕駛物質(zhì)損壞不能到達(dá)目的地系安全帶速度控制培訓(xùn)可視性D & A修復(fù)IDENTIFY辨識ASSESS評估CONTROL控制RECOVER恢復(fù)29危害后果BARRIERS屏障Events and Circumstances事件和情況Harm to people and damage to assets or environment對人損傷和對財產(chǎn)或環(huán)境的害處Contractor Tasks承包商的任務(wù)Company Tasks公司的任務(wù)TOPEVENT事件公司和承包商的 蝴蝶結(jié)和屏障 30HSE Commitment承諾Target目標(biāo)Tasks 任務(wù)Re

26、sponsibilities 責(zé)任Competencies 能力Procedures程序BOWTIE Link with HSE MS31Hazardous Event 危害事件EVENT TREE (Consequences)事件樹 (后果)FAULT TREE (Causes)故障樹 (起因)Loss of gascontainmentESCALATIONe.g. explosion(release of hazard)HAZARDe.g.ESD bypassed e.g.maloperatione.g.detector failuree.g.deluge failuree.g. over

27、pressureBOWTIE and Business Management Process活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動活動BusinessManagementProcess業(yè)務(wù)管理過程32項目 HSE 風(fēng)險管理風(fēng)險管理始于整個項目運作的初期階段：（一開始就要把事情做對） 在項目設(shè)計過程中開展適當(dāng)?shù)?HEMP 研究 采用合理實用盡可能的最低限度（ALARP）理念隨著項目的進(jìn)展，減小風(fēng)險的難度會越來越大。33風(fēng)險識別：在我的工作崗位上和工作中存在哪些危險因素？風(fēng)險評估： 我應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)用風(fēng)險評估矩陣？風(fēng)險控制： 我應(yīng)該如何防止危害發(fā)生？風(fēng)險恢復(fù)： 我應(yīng)該如何盡量降低風(fēng)險帶來的危害？HEMP 步驟