英語(yǔ)句子成分以及練習(xí)

1、關(guān)于英語(yǔ)句子成分及練習(xí)第一張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月詞類分為實(shí)詞和虛詞實(shí) 詞名詞（表人或物、表時(shí)間、表方位）動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)作行為、發(fā)展變化、心理活動(dòng)等）形容詞（表事物的形狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)）數(shù)詞（含確數(shù)、概數(shù)、序數(shù)）量詞（表物量或動(dòng)量）代詞（含人稱、疑問(wèn)和指示代詞）副詞(用在動(dòng)詞或形容詞前)介詞(用在名詞或代詞前)連詞(起連接作用)助詞(起輔助作用,表附加的語(yǔ)氣、動(dòng)態(tài)或結(jié)構(gòu)意義)嘆詞(表示感嘆或呼喚應(yīng)答)擬聲詞(摹擬事物的聲音)虛 詞第二張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ) (Subject) 表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事. 是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在

2、there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：第三張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is

3、 a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）第四張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）第五張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于202

4、2年6月（三）謂語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) (Predicate) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.第六張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（三）謂語(yǔ) 2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如： Do you speak Engli

5、sh？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。第七張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（四）表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如： 第八張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6

6、月1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）第九張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞

7、短語(yǔ)）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）第十張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meetin

8、g.3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.第十一張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river

9、 was beginning to run dry. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)結(jié)果是;證明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.第十二張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（五）賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How ma

10、ny dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第十三張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）第十四張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語(yǔ)

11、種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（

12、賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.第十五張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ) ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.第十六張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動(dòng)詞只能

13、接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ) admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .第十七張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：Dont forget to c

14、ome here earlier tomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))I forgot returning the book to him.(書(shū)已還給他了)第十八張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（Object Complement），用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：第十九張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.His fathe

15、r named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）第二十張，PPT共三十

16、一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（七）定語(yǔ) 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）第二十一張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.Ou

17、r monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語(yǔ)從句)第二十二張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（八）狀語(yǔ) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)（A

18、dverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）第二十三張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must contin

19、ue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞）（狀語(yǔ)從句）第二十四張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9種狀語(yǔ)種類如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)

20、狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）第二十五張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)）第二十六張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作

21、于2022年6月 （九）同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語(yǔ)（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.第二十七張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school b

22、us.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S. 主Attribute定O. 賓Predicate 謂Adverbial 狀A(yù)ttribute 定Adverbial 狀A(yù)dverbial 狀第二十八張，PPT共三十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to le