變速箱殼體機械加工工藝設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、Gearbox shell machining process design Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Machining Mechanical Industry Press In March 2004, version 1 p56 0 564( Serope kalpakjian)( Steven R.Schmid)AbstractGearbox shell is a more complex structure of spare parts box, its high precision, complex process, and t

2、he processing quality will affect the overall performance engine, so it has become the engine manufacturers focus parts one.Machining process planning must guarantee the machining quality of parts, to meet the technical requirements stipulated in drawings, at the same time should also have high prod

3、uctivity and efficiency. Therefore, machining process planning design is an important work, requires designers must have a rich experience in production practice and wide range of mechanical manufacturing technology basic theory knowledge. In the specified procedure, should according to the producti

4、on of parts and the existing equipment conditions, taking the processing quality into account, productivity and economy requirements, after repeated analysis and comparison, to determine the optimal or the best solution.Technical Characteristics of the gearbox shellThe gearbox shell process features

5、 are: the structure of complex shape; processing plane, more than holes; uneven wall thickness and stiffness is low; processing of high precision typical of box-type processing part. The main processing of the surface of cylinder block top surface, the main bearing side, cylinder bore, the main and

6、camshaft bearing bore holes and so on, they will directly affect the machining accuracy of the engine assembly precision and performance, mainly rely on precision equipment, industrial fixtures reliability and processing technology to ensure the reasonableness.The gearbox shell process design princi

7、ples and the basisDesign Technology program should be to ensure product quality at the same time, give full consideration to the production cycle, cost and environmental protection; based on the enterprises ability to actively adopt advanced process technology and equipment, and constantly enhance t

8、heir level of technology. Gearbox shell machining process design should follow the following basic principles: 2.1 The selection of processing equipmentThe principle of selection adopted the principle of selection adopted the principle of combining rigid-flexible, processing each horizontal machinin

9、g center is located mainly small operations with vertical machining center, the key process a crank hole, cylinder hole, balancer shaft hole High-speed processing of high-precision horizontal machining center, an upper and lower non-critical processes before and after the four-dimensional high-effic

10、iency rough milling and have a certain adjustment range of special machine processing;2.2 Concentration process principleFocus on a key process in principle process the body cylinder bore, crankshaft hole, Balance Shaft hole surface finishing and the combination of precision milling cylinder head, u

11、sing a process focused on a setup program to complete all processing elements in order to ensure product accuracy The key quality processes to meet the cylinder capacity and the relevant technical requirements;.The gearbox shell machining process design the main contentGearbox shell complex structur

12、e, high precision, arge size, is thin-walled parts, there are a number of high precision plane and holes. Engine block machining process characteristics; mainly flat and the hole processing, processing of flat generally use planing, milling methods such as processing, processing of hole used mainly

13、boring, processing and multi-purpose drilling holes. As the cylinder complex structure. so how to ensure that the mutual position of the surface processing precision is an important issue.The selection of blankGearbox shell on the materials used are generally gray cast iron HT150,HT200,HT250,therei

14、s also cast aluminum or steel plate, this engine block using high-strength alloy cast iron. Cylinder in the processing prior to aging treatment in order to eliminate stress and improve the rough casting mechanical properties. Improve the rough accuracy, reduction of machining allowance, is to improv

15、e the automated production line system productivity and processing quality of the important measures. As the foreign box-type parts of rough quality and high precision, and its production-line system has been implemented directly on the blank line, not only eliminating the need for blank check devic

16、e also saves the rough quality problems due to waste of machining time, increase overall efficiency. Therefore, the refinement of rough is to improve the productivity of the most promising way out. For the engine block production line, can be rough in parts on-line pre-milling six face, removing mos

17、t of the margin, to facilitate direct on-line parts.Machining process selection and processing of the benchmarkChoose the right processing technology base is directly related to the processing quality can ensure the parts. Generally speaking, process benchmarking can be divided into coarse and fine

18、reference base.Coarse reference baseThe baseline for the on-line thick rough ,which is particularly important the choice of benchmark crude, if crude benchmark choice unreasonable, will the uneven distribution of machining allowance, processing and surface offsets, resulting in waste. In the cylinde

19、r production line, we have adopted for the coarse side of the base;Fine reference baseRefined the base of this box for the engine block parts, the general use of side two sales for a full range of uniform benchmarks, For the longer automated production positioning. In the gearbox shell of the proces

20、s, we have adopted to the side, bottom and the spindle hole positioning, in the processing center on the process.Machining Processing Stages and processes of the arrangementsOften a part of many apparent need for processing, of course, the surface machining accuracy are different. Processing of high

21、 precision surface, often after repeated processing; As for the processing of the surface of low precision, only need to go through one or two on the list. Thus, when the development process in order to seize the processing high precision surface, this conflict, the reasonable arrangement processes

22、and rational division stage of processing. Arrange the order of the principle of process is: after the first coarse refined, the first surface after the hole, the first benchmark other. In the engine block machining, the same should follow this principle.roughing stage engine block machining process

23、The arrangements for roughing process, to fully carry out rough rough, trim most of the margin in order to ensure production efficiency;semi-finishing phase of the engine block machiningIn order to ensure the accuracy of the middle of some important surface processing, and arrange some semi-finishin

24、g operations, will be required accuracy and surface roughness of the surface of the middle of some processing to complete, while demanding the surface of semi-finished, to prepare for future finishing;The finishing stageThe finishing stage of requiring high accuracy and surface roughness of the surf

25、ace processing; 3.3.4 secondary processingSecondary processing such as small surface screw holes, you can finish of the major surface after the one hand, when the workpiece deformation process little impact at the same time also reduced the rejection rate;In addition,if the main surface of a waste,t

26、hese small the surface will not have to be processed,thus avoiding a waste of man-hours.However,if the processing is very easy for a small surface bumps the main surface,it should be placed on a small surface finish prior to the main surface finishing;make proper arrangements for secondary processes

27、Make proper arrangements for secondary processes such as product inspection process,in part roughing stage,the key process before and after processing,spare parts all the processing has been completed,should be appropriate arrangements. Stage of processing division,has the following advantages:First

28、,it can take measures to eliminate the rough workpiece after the stress,to ensure accuracy; second,finishing on the back,and will not damage during transport the surface of the workpiece has been processed;again,first roughing the surface defects can be detected early and promptly deal with rough,do

29、 not waste working hours.But most small parts,do not sub very thin.The gearbox shell surface of the main processing and secondary processes 3.4.1 Plane processingPlane processing at present, the milling of engine blocks is the primary means of planar processing,domestic milling feed rate is generall

30、y 300-400mm/min,and foreign 2000-4000mm/min milling feed rate compared to far cry,to be on increasing,therefore,improve the milling feed rate,reduce overhead time is to improve the productivity of the major means of finishing a number of plane engine block when the milling feed rate to reach 2399mm/

31、min,greatly improved efficiency; Top surface of the cylinder milling is a key process in the process,the flatness requirements for 0.02/145mm,the surface roughness of Ra1.6um.Processingi n the cylinder,the use of side and spindle bearing bore positioning,top,bottom and middle vagay only aperture whi

32、le processing used in the processing line outside of the knife device can better meet the engine block machining accuracy;General holes MachiningGeneral holes Machining holes in general are still using the traditional processing of drilling,expansion,boring,reaming,tapping and other craft approach.

33、Issues in the design process of specific programs,use of coated cutting tools,cutting tools and other advanced tools within the cooling,and using a large flow of cooling systems,greatly improving the cutting speed,improved productivity;Deep hole processingDeep hole processing of the traditional proc

34、essing method is used to grade twist drill feed,low efficiency of their production,processing and quality is poor.The deep hole in the engine block processing,the use of gun drilling process;CleaningCleaning is divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning.Machining cylinder automatic production line u

35、sing a large flow of wet cleaning;DetectionDetect points outside the line detection and line detection of two kinds. Quality inspection in the engine block,according to the actual situation with lines outside the detection,the main use of coordinate measuring machine integrated measurements of the c

36、ylinder,each 200 samples 1-5 pieces,each class random one.變速箱殼體機械加工工藝設(shè)計摘自： 機械工程與技術(shù)（機加工） （英文版）機械工業(yè)出版社2004年 3 月第 1 版美國 卡卡爾帕基安施密德摘要變速箱殼體是變速器機零件中結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的箱體零件，其精度要求高，加工工藝復(fù)雜，并且加工加工質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響發(fā)動機整個機構(gòu)的性能，因此，它成為各個發(fā)動機生產(chǎn)廠家所關(guān)注的重點零件之一。機械加工工藝規(guī)程必須保證零件的加工質(zhì)量，達到設(shè)計圖紙規(guī)定的各項技術(shù)要求，同時還應(yīng)該具有較高的生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟性。因此， 機械加工工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計是一項重要的工作，要求設(shè)計

37、者必須具有豐富的生產(chǎn)實踐經(jīng)驗和廣博的機械制造工藝基礎(chǔ)理論知識。變速箱殼體的工藝特點變速箱殼體的工藝特點是：結(jié)構(gòu)、形狀復(fù)雜；加工的平面和孔比較多；壁厚不均，剛度低；加工精度要求高，屬于典型的箱體類加工零件。變速箱的主要加工表面有頂面、孔系、 主軸承孔及螺紋孔等，它們的加工精度將直接影響發(fā)動機的裝配精度和工作性能，主要依靠設(shè)備進度、工夾具的可靠性和加工工藝的合理性來保證。變速箱殼體工藝方案設(shè)計原則和依據(jù)設(shè)計工藝方案應(yīng)在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的同時，充分考慮生產(chǎn)周期、成本和環(huán)境保護； 根據(jù)本企業(yè)能力，積極采用國內(nèi)外先進的工藝技術(shù)和裝備，不斷提高企業(yè)工藝水平。變速箱殼體機械加工工藝設(shè)計應(yīng)遵循以下基本原則：加工設(shè)

38、備選型原則加工設(shè)備選型采用剛?cè)峤Y(jié)合的原則，加工設(shè)備以臥式加工中心為主，少量采用立式加工中心，關(guān)鍵工序曲軸孔、缸孔、 平衡軸孔加工采用高精度高速臥式加工中心，非關(guān)鍵工序上下前后四個平面的粗銑采用高效并有一定調(diào)整范圍的專用機床加工；集中工序原則關(guān)鍵工序曲軸孔、缸孔、 平衡軸孔的精加工缸蓋結(jié)合面的精銑，采用在集中在一道工序一次裝夾完成全部加工內(nèi)容方案，以確保產(chǎn)品精度滿足缸體關(guān)鍵品質(zhì)的工藝性能和有關(guān)技術(shù)要求。發(fā)動機缸體機械加工工藝設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容發(fā)動機缸體結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，精度要求高，尺寸較大，是薄壁零件，有若干精度要求較高的平面和孔。發(fā)動機缸體機械加工的工藝特點是：主要是平面和孔的加工，加工平面一般采用刨、銑

39、削等方法加工，加工孔主要采用鏜削，加工小孔多用鉆削。 由于缸體結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此如何保證各表面的相互位置精度是加工中的一個重要問題。毛坯的選擇變速箱殼體采用的材料一般是灰鑄鐵HT150、 HT200、 HT250，也有采用鑄鋁或者鋼板的，此發(fā)動機缸體采用高強度合金鑄鐵。缸體在加工前進行時效處理，以消除鑄件內(nèi)應(yīng)力和改善毛坯的力學(xué)性能。提高毛坯精度，減少加工余量，是提高自動生產(chǎn)線系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)率及加工質(zhì)量的重要措施。由于國外箱體類零件毛坯質(zhì)量和精度較高，其生產(chǎn)線系統(tǒng)已實現(xiàn)了毛坯直接上線，既省去了毛坯檢查裝置，也節(jié)省了由于毛坯質(zhì)量問題而浪費的加工工時，提高了綜合效益。因此，精化毛坯是提高生產(chǎn)率最有潛力的出路。對于發(fā)動機缸體生產(chǎn)線，可在零件上線前粗銑六個面，去除大部分余量，便于零件直接上線。機械加工工藝基準的選擇和加工選擇合理的加工工藝基準，直接關(guān)系到能否保證零件的加工質(zhì)量。一般來說，工藝基準可分為粗基準和精基準。粗基準粗基準對于上線的毛坯，其粗基準的選擇尤為重要，如果粗基準選擇不合理，會使加工余量分布不均勻，加工面偏移，造成廢品。在缸體生產(chǎn)線中，我們采用側(cè)面作為粗基準；精基準粗基準對于發(fā)動機缸體這種箱體零件來說，一般采用 “一面兩銷”為全