現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和一般過去式區(qū)別及練習(xí)題

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和一般過去式區(qū)別及練習(xí)題一、過去分詞 1 、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則： (1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再

2、加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： AAA型原型 過去式 過去分詞burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast castAAB型 Beat beat beaten ABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came comeABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtABC型 begin began begunblow blew b

3、lownbreak broke broken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解 一 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞(done) 二句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡(jiǎn)略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.(否定)（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用. for+時(shí)段since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）since+時(shí)段+ag

4、osince+從句（過去時(shí)）It is+時(shí)段+since+從句（過去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 三has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng))Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has b

5、een in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義: * 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。 He has just seen the film. 他剛剛看過這場(chǎng)電影。 He hasnt come back yet. 他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is

6、the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國(guó)三次了。* 以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我

7、們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。* for+時(shí)段 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用五 瞬間動(dòng)詞（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ）不能直接與for 、since 連用。要改變動(dòng)詞buy-have borrow -keep come / arrive / reach /get to-be in go o

8、ut-be out leave -be awaybegin-be on finish-be overopen-be open close -be closed die-be dead1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a te

9、acher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法比較過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時(shí)間狀語 共同的時(shí)間狀語:

10、 thismorning,tonight, thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet, till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know. 過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。 Isawthisfilm

11、yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。） Ihaveseenthisfilm. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） Whydidyougetupsoearly? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。） Whohasnthandedinhispaper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。） ShehasreturnedfromParis. 她已從巴黎回來了。 Shereturnedyesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.

12、(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago. (三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。) 句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。 （錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight. （對(duì)）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專練A)選用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won

13、 the game.B)按要求改寫下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_C) 單項(xiàng)選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been deadD. has been died8.

14、Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)_they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.