外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀重點(diǎn)詞匯與課后答案

1、 Lesson 1 Chinas Foreign Trade(中國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易) 重點(diǎn)詞組：1、link 連接（這里為往來2、pattern 模式、結(jié)構(gòu)* 3、substantially 相當(dāng)大的、重大的* 4、in return for 作為地交換 5、manufactured goods 工業(yè)產(chǎn)品 6、capital equipment 資本設(shè)備 7、industrialization programme 工業(yè)項(xiàng)目 8、heavy industry 重工業(yè) 9、produced gains in 從 中獲利* 10、economic imbalances 經(jīng)濟(jì)失衡 11、national i

2、ncome 國民收入 12、contract 收縮、下降 13、aid 援助 14、shift away form towards 從轉(zhuǎn)移到* 15、consistent theme 一貫的主題 16、strong emphasis placed on 強(qiáng)調(diào)、重視 17、trade relating 貿(mào)易往來 18、fell sharply 急劇下降（下滑） 19、grown rapidly 迅速增長* 20、sign in 簽訂 21、in the wake of 在之后 22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交關(guān)系正?；?23、come int

3、o force 生效* 24、most-favored nation treatment最惠國待遇 25、accounted for 占* 26、category 種類* 27、item 項(xiàng)目 28、US dollar value of 以美元計(jì)算的 29、increased at an average rate of 平均以比率增長 * 30、per annum 每年 31、visible trade surplus 有形貿(mào)易余額 32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增* 33、play a major role 起重要作用* 34、undue strain 沉重負(fù)擔(dān) 35、a ne

4、t grain exporter 糧食凈出口國* 36、pattern 模式* 37、reverse 逆轉(zhuǎn)，相反 38、jump 暴漲* 39、visible trade account 有形貿(mào)易收支 40、in deficit 赤字、逆差* 41、buoyant 趨于上升* 42、attribute to 歸因于 43、re-reported 再出口* 44、leading 最主要的* 45、decline 下降、減少* 46、supplier 供應(yīng)者* 47、industrial country 工業(yè)化國家 48、expect 期望* 49、boost 推動(dòng)、提高* 50、recovere

5、d strongly 很大恢復(fù)* 51、introducing advanced technology of 向引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)* 52、sophistication 精密、尖端 53、invisible account 無形貿(mào)易收支 54、balance of payments 國際收支 55、earnings 收益、收入* 56、current account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目 57、in surplus 處于順差、有盈余* 58、reserves 儲(chǔ)備、儲(chǔ)量* 59、the balance 收支平衡*余額 60、specializes in 專門從事* 61、balance 平衡* 62、earni

6、ngs and requirements 收入和需求 63、run-down 減少、縮減* 64、as a means of 作為 65、international economic co-operation 國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作 66、mount 舉行、進(jìn)行 67、trade fairs 商品展銷會(huì) 68、practice 慣例 69、compensation trade 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 70、raw materials 原材料 71、in return 作為報(bào)答 72、barter 易貨貿(mào)易 73、counter-trade 反向貿(mào)易 74、a series of 一系列 75、designed to

7、旨在 76、joint venture 合資企業(yè) 77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中國國際信托投資公司 78、transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓* 79、for the time being 目前、暫時(shí) 80、direct investment 直接投資 81、access 接近的機(jī)會(huì)、享用權(quán)* 82、the international capital markets 國際資本市場(chǎng) 83、commercial terms 商業(yè)條件 84、compile 收集、匯集 85、OECD 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和發(fā)展組織 86、Bank

8、 for International Settlements 國際清算銀行 87、bulk 絕大部分、主體 88、in the short-term 從短期來看 89、over the longer term 從長期來看 90、representative offices 辦事處 三、課后問題： 1、 Whats the meaning of “the pattern of Chinas foreign trade”? “The pattern of Chinas foreign trade” refers chiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of

9、Chinas foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world. 2、 What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (狀語) clause or an attributive (定語) one? An attributive clause 3、 “Official recognition that foreign technology could play a ma

10、jor role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （過度負(fù)擔(dān)）on the national economy.”(中國政府認(rèn)識(shí)到，國外技術(shù)對(duì)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化作用重大，這使1978年中國的進(jìn)口額增長了50%以上，結(jié)果國民經(jīng)濟(jì)背上了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on Chinas

11、national economy? More foreign exchanges(外匯) is required for more imports. All sections of Chinas national economy would have to work harder and better to export and earn more for the imports increased. 4、 Whats “a net grain exporter(糧食凈出口國)”? Does it mean one who has never done any imports? “A net

12、grain exporter” should be one who has done both imports and exports of the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time. 5、 “The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to the success of the Governments trade and foreign inv

13、estment policies.”(去年進(jìn)口額的大大增加不僅是由于政府貿(mào)易政策與對(duì)外投資政策的成功，而且是由于趨于上升的經(jīng)濟(jì)。) What did Chinas foreign investment policies have to do with（與有關(guān)） her strong increase in imports? Foreign capital（外資） has flowed into (流入)China mostly in the form of foreign industrial investors to set up production facilities（生產(chǎn)設(shè)備） lo

14、cally（在地方上，本地） together with their Chinese partners or alone. For production efficiency（效率） and other reasons, as a rule they bring in technology and equipment from abroad to equip（裝備） themselves. Thus （因此）it would result in a rise in imports. 6、 “Chinese officials stress the importance of introduci

15、ng advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as the term is understood in the West.”(中國官員強(qiáng)調(diào)向國內(nèi)工業(yè)部門引進(jìn)國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)的重要性，但他們需要是不同先進(jìn)程度的技術(shù)，而不是一定需要西方國家所理解的那種純粹的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。) Whats the implication （含義）of the unde

16、rlined part of the paragraph quoted（引用） above? China is a developing country with her own economic condition. In introducing advanced technology into our country, we would first choose those most needed and applicable(可適用的) at the present stage（階段，時(shí)期）of our economic development. 7、“The authorities d

17、o not consider it appropriate to incur large mounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy ,such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.(在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多實(shí)際障礙如運(yùn)輸能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中國政府不贊成招來大筆外債的做法。) Why did China refuse to borrow more until th

18、eir transport capacity and energy supply have further increased? Chinas financial borrowing is for industrialization and modernization. Without well-developed transport network and enough energy supply, however, industry and the entire(整個(gè)的，全部的) economy could not be further（促進(jìn)，更多的） expanded(擴(kuò)大的，展開的)

19、successfully. Therefore（因此）, its no time for borrowing them then, which could not be effectively（有效的） used and result only in heavy interest payment. 8、 “Chinas access to（有權(quán)使用） substantial （大量的） sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.”（中國可以在世界銀行中借貸巨額資金，

20、這減少了中國以商業(yè)條件進(jìn)行接待的數(shù)量） What does “borrow on commercial terms” imply（暗示）here? And why does China prefer loans from the World Bank? “Commercial” carries(意味) the meaning of having profit making as the aim.（以獲得利潤為目標(biāo)） “To borrow on commercial terms” is to borrow at the regular business interest rates (witho

21、ut any special favor received from the bank). China borrows from the World Bank Group for lower interest rates and other favorable conditions. Lesson 2 Chinas Absorption of Foreign Direct Investment (中國吸引外商直接投資) 二、重點(diǎn)詞組：1、section 部分 2、roll up 卷起 3、bamboo curtain 竹幕 4、The special economic zone 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) 5、

22、coastal city 沿海城市 6、incentive 鼓勵(lì)* 7、provincial capital 省會(huì) 8、attract 吸引* 9、assemble 匯集，形成 10、piecemeal 逐漸 11、the State Council 國務(wù)院 12、albeit 盡管 13、promulgate 頒布 14、even as 正在時(shí)候 15、battle with 與斗爭(zhēng) 16、in an effort to fulfil 努力實(shí)現(xiàn) 17、do business with 與做生意 18、growing 變得* 19、showpiece 典范，樣板* 20、introducein

23、to 向引進(jìn)* 21、in particular 特別 22、standard of living 生活水平 23、aspire to 渴望 24、take note of 注意到 25、sales 銷售的* 26、taken literally 從字面上理解 27、this does not make much sense沒有多大實(shí)際意義 28、infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 29、cope with 履行、應(yīng)付 30、transferto 傳入，傳到 31、share with 分享 32、inner regions 內(nèi)地 33、foreign-exchange reserves

24、外匯儲(chǔ)備 34、repay 償還* 35、upgrade 改善、提高* 36、capital stock 實(shí)際資本、股本 37、combined 結(jié)合、和* 38、preferential 優(yōu)惠的* 39、dueto 由于 40、intensity 激烈、強(qiáng)烈* 41、couple with 和、加上 42、from scratch 白手起家、從零開始 43、estate 地產(chǎn)* 44、joint venture 合資企業(yè) 45、cooperative enterprise 合作企業(yè) 46、wholly foreign-owned operation 外商獨(dú)資企業(yè) 47、operation 企

25、業(yè)* 48、consumer goods 消費(fèi)品 49、capital goods 資本貨物 50、customs duties 進(jìn)口稅 51、uniform 統(tǒng)一的、一致的* 52、plant 全套設(shè)備* 53、technical transformation 技術(shù)改造 54、readily obtainable 輕易得到 55、prior to 再之前 56、Economic and Technical Development Zone (ETDZ) 經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū) 57、uniform tax rate 統(tǒng)一稅率 58、waive 免除、放棄* 59、profit-remittance

26、利潤匯款 60、preferential tax rate 優(yōu)惠稅率 61、be liable to 應(yīng)付（稅）的* 62、be not entitled to 沒有資格、沒有權(quán)利* 63、authority 權(quán)利* 64、municipal government 市政府 65、be well aware of 最知情（清楚） 66、China International Economic Consultants Inc. 中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問有限公司 67、China International Trust an Investment Corp. 中國國際信托投資公司 68、arm 提供* 69

27、、stir up the enthusiasm 調(diào)動(dòng)積極性 70、grassroots units 基層單位 71、rules and regulations 規(guī)章制度* 72、comprehensive framework 綜合準(zhǔn)則 73、it will be some time before the dust settles 等到塵埃落定還需要一段時(shí)間* 74、has yet to 有待 75、in the drivers seat 76、public ownership of the means of production 生產(chǎn)資料公有制 77、means of production 生

28、產(chǎn)資料 78、stock-taking of 對(duì)評(píng)估 79、National Peoples Congress 全國人民代表大會(huì) 80、seventh five-year plan 第七個(gè)五年計(jì)劃 三、課后問題：1、“A clearly confident China has rolled up large section of its bamboo curtain ,declared itself open to the outside world and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to co

29、me and do serious business.”(一個(gè)顯然是自信的中國已卷起了一大截竹幕，宣布他要“對(duì)外開放”，并幾乎在每一個(gè)城市都掛出了招牌，歡迎外商前來做正當(dāng)生意。) In what is China confident in opening the country to the outside world? The country is fully confident in he social system(社會(huì)體系)Socialism（社會(huì)主義） with Chinese characteristics when China is opened to the outside w

30、orld though it seems unavoidable（不可避免的） that all sorts of（各式各樣的） Western ideas and their way of life are to be brought in together with （加上，和）the inflow of （流入所需資本和技術(shù)）the needed capital and technology. 2、“The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, 14 coastal cities (al

31、l former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19“open” areas in all ) have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor.”（廣東與福建兩省的四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，14個(gè)沿海開放城市（均為以前與清政府的條約所開放的城市，及海南島（共19個(gè)地區(qū)）都有為國外投資者特地制定的稅收和其他鼓勵(lì)投資政策。） What part of the sentence is the word tax here? Here tax (a noun名詞) is us

32、ed as an attribute to （歸因于）modify(修飾) “incentive”. 3、Why was foreign direct investment considered “a real element of competition(真正的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因素)” in “the countrys economic-development programme”（在該國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中）? At the time of writing the article (1984), the reform(改革) of Chinas economic structure just began, a

33、nd most of her own enterprises were not quite self-responsible（自我負(fù)責(zé)） yet for gains and losses in their business operation. In contrast（相反）, the enterprises with foreign funds were organized on the principle（法則、原則） of the market economy and they had to be active in competition for survival（生存）, with

34、no “same big pan（平底鍋）” to eat from. In this sense(從這種意義上說、在這方面), they were considered “a real element of competition.” 4、Could you find a substitute(代替品) for the word race in “the race to get foreign technology and funds”?（競(jìng)相引進(jìn)國外技術(shù)與資金） drive (n.) 運(yùn)動(dòng) 5、“The Chinese aspire to own color TV sets, refrig

35、erators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing.” What is implied（暗指） by using the word “better”? (Does “better” refer merely（只不過，僅僅） to the quality of goods here, or something more?) “better” implies that they had already had things like radios, bicycles and clothing, but

36、 expected to have better ones. 6、“Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential（潛力） sales in their own domestic market.”(即使當(dāng)?shù)貜S商也注意到其國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)巨大的銷售量潛力) In what sense is the word sales used in the sentence? In the given context the meaning of sales is quantities to be sold. 7、How would you par

37、aphrase “taken literally”?(從字面上講) If Gu Mus statement(陳述) is understood in the word-for-word （逐字的）way. 8、What does “administrative support”(行政支持) in the text refer to? Administrative setups responsible for(為負(fù)責(zé)) absorbing（吸引） foreign direct investment and relevant（有關(guān)的） local rules and regulations（官方的

38、規(guī)章制度）. 9、What is “a well-placed source”?(消息靈通人士) Source here is used in the sense of a source of information, which might refers to a person or organization, “A well-placed source” should be an official who is well-informed because of his special position. 10、“The central governments determination t

39、o raise the level of industrial technology is clearly behind the decision to open the 14 coastal cities.”（中央政府決心提高工業(yè)技術(shù)水平顯然是作出作出開放14個(gè)沿海城市的決定的原因）。 What s your paraphrase(解釋) of the above sentence? Does it mean that the “determination” was the reason for the decision? The reason for the decision was th

40、e determination. 11、“The combined industrial output（產(chǎn)量） of the 15 coastal areas is reportedly (據(jù)報(bào)道)equal to a quarter of the nations total.”(據(jù)報(bào)道，15個(gè)沿海市、區(qū)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)量總和相當(dāng)于該國工業(yè)總產(chǎn)量的四分之一) What is the meaning of “combined” in the sentence? Could you find another word to replace it? What is that? Together 12、“Bu

41、t while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear”(決心向外國投資與技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓開放19個(gè)區(qū)、市的原因是清楚的) “Throwingopen” basically（主要的，基本的） means having open, doesnt it? Then what is the difference in meaning between “throwing 19 areas and cities open” and havin

42、g open? What more does it mean when the word throw is used? Throw carries the meaning of doing that with force-determination(果斷) in the sentence quoted（提到） above. 13、“, how the preferential systems will operate (in the 19 open districts) is not (clear).This is due largely to (由于)the intensity(激烈) of

43、 competition among the 19(但諸項(xiàng)優(yōu)惠制度將如何運(yùn)作，這一點(diǎn)卻還不得而知。其主要原因是19個(gè)開放地區(qū)和城市間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。) How could “the intensity of competition among the 19”, if there was one, lead to some confusion（混淆）in absorbing foreign direct investment? According to the authors own understanding, as the 19 open areas and cities were compet

44、ing actively（激烈的） with one another or more foreign direct investment, they made their preferential systems more and more attractive（有吸引力的） and thus complicated（錯(cuò)綜的、復(fù)雜的）, hard to operate. 14、“This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the 19, coupled with （加上）the inexperience of most l

45、ocal authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world.” (其主要原因是19個(gè)開放地區(qū)和城市間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈, 加上大部分當(dāng)?shù)卣跊Q策與處理對(duì)外事務(wù)方面還缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。) What does “coupled” mean here? Could you find some substitutes for it? Together /along 15、What are “target projects”?(重點(diǎn)工程) key projects 中點(diǎn)（工程）項(xiàng)目 16、“One official w

46、ho is well aware of the confusion afflicting both local authorities and foreign investors is Jing Shuping, president of China International Economic Consultants（顧問、咨詢） Inc. which is the consultancy arm of the China International Trust and Investment Crop.”(對(duì)這一令當(dāng)?shù)卣c外國投資者都頭痛的混淆不輕的問題，中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)咨詢有限公司的總裁荊舒

47、平最知情，該公司是中國國際信托投資公司附屬的咨詢性公司) What is the meaning of the word “arm” here? Could you find some other word to substitute? Branch(分部)/department（部門） 17、“The time will come when the cities and zones will ask for help in coordinating（協(xié)調(diào)） their efforts.”（有一天，這些市和區(qū)事會(huì)尋求援助以協(xié)調(diào)它們的工作的） What kind of clause（從句） do

48、es “when” introduce? An attributive（定語） or an adverbial （狀語）one? Why? an attributive clause. 18、“, while a comprehensive framework（綜合準(zhǔn)則） for the countrys modernization has been provided（提供） by the central committees（中央委員會(huì)） 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some ti

49、me before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.”(雖然中央委員會(huì)1984年10月21日改革經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的決定為該國的現(xiàn)代化提供了一個(gè)綜合的準(zhǔn)則，但要等到塵埃落定、要等地方政府與外國投資者能有條不紊的打交道還需要一段時(shí)間) Whats you understanding of “the dust settles”? The confusion is removed. 19、Whats “stock-taking o

50、f the open policy”?(對(duì)開放政策評(píng)估) reviewing （回顧、評(píng)論） (reexamining復(fù)試)of the open policy. Lesson3 Chinas Open Economy (中國開放的經(jīng)濟(jì)) 二、重點(diǎn)詞組：1、give way to 讓路、讓步 2、commercial hub 商業(yè)活動(dòng)中心 3、dynamic 有活力* 4、boom 繁榮* 5、reach for 搜查，探尋 6、state council 國務(wù)院 7、bounce 反彈* 8、dominant 有統(tǒng)治權(quán)的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的* 9、the worlds dominant economy

51、 世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國 10、per capita 人均 11、Gross national product(GDP) 國民生產(chǎn)總值 12、American administration 美國政府 13、China hands 中國通(這指華人) 14、slight to 對(duì)的輕視 15、waning shot 警示 16、an intensifying rivalry 不斷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 17、punitive import tariffs 懲罰性進(jìn)口關(guān)稅 18、securities and real estate markets 證券及房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng) 19、“Greater China” trade bloc

52、 “大中華”貿(mào)易集團(tuán) 20、gross domestic product 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 21、no more than 只是 22、joint ventures 合資企業(yè) 23、collectives 集體企業(yè) 24、private businesses 私有企業(yè) 25、account for 占 26、compared with 與比較 27、competitive advantage 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) 28、high-tech, high-wage economy 高技術(shù)，高工資經(jīng)濟(jì) 29、General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定 30、boo

53、st 促進(jìn)、推動(dòng)* 31、surge 波動(dòng)、洶涌* 32、buoy (-ed) 浮起、支持* 33、consumer electronics 電子產(chǎn)品 34、trade surplus with 對(duì) 的貿(mào)易順差* 35、record 記錄* 36、renewal 恢復(fù)* 37、human rights 人權(quán)問題 38、preferred status 優(yōu)惠地位、優(yōu)先權(quán) 39、retaliation 報(bào)復(fù)* 40、most-favor nation 最惠國 41、have (large) stake in sth. 與有利害關(guān)系 42、worth of 價(jià)值的* 43、30 times more

54、 超過30倍* 44、contract 合同、約定* 45、rushing to 競(jìng)相 46、state-owned conglomerate 國有跨行業(yè)公司 47、in cooperation with 與合作 48、outbid 出價(jià)高于 49、semiconductor chips 半導(dǎo)體集成電路芯片 50、branching out 擴(kuò)展范圍* 51、brokerage services 經(jīng)紀(jì)業(yè)務(wù) 52、climbed back 上升* 53、double digits 兩位數(shù) 三、課后問題 1、“If there is a road to Chinas future, Highway

55、 204 out of Shanghai is it.”（如果有通往中國的未來之路的話，那便是始自上海的204國道。） 1) What is the exact meaning of “ out of” here in the sentence? 2) Why does the author compare(比喻) Highway 204 to the road to Chinas future? (you may answer the question after youve studied the whole article.) 答：1）“Highway 204 out of Shangh

56、ai” is one leading out of Shanghai. 2)The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick (擁擠)that the trip along the road is hard. It indicates(表明) that though Chinas economy is booming（繁榮）, it is still backward and there is a long and there is a long and difficult way yet to Chinas brighter futurebecoming the

57、strongest economic power in the world. Rapid development in China is overwhelming（勢(shì)不可擋） its backward（落后） transport networks, to be more accurate（準(zhǔn)確）, its infrastructure（下部構(gòu)造） and even its economic conditions, which limit its further development. 2、“Migrant（遷移）workers crowd the narrow shoulders” What

58、 does “shoulders” refer to ? 答：“Shoulder” here means the edges of a road. 3、“Eventually（結(jié)果、最后、終于）, industry gives way to rice fields, which is being dug up to build still more factories.” 1) What does the phrase（短語） “to give way to something” mean in the above sentence? 2) What does the author mean

59、to convey(傳達(dá)) to the readers when he used the word “ eventually”? 答：1）To give way to something means to make room for something(讓位于某物) in the sentence. 2) Eventually sometimes implies(暗指) an inevitable（必然的、不可避免的） result. 4、Please explain the following phrases as they appearing their in their respect

60、ive（各自的） contexts: “ dynamic（活躍的、生機(jī)勃勃的） economy”( paragraph 2) “the worlds dominant（占優(yōu)勢(shì)的、占統(tǒng)治地位的） economy”( paragraph 3 ) 答：According to their respective contents, “dynamic economy” refers to an economy full of energy(活力) and activity(活躍)精力充沛、旺盛; “the worlds dominant economy” means the worlds major e