高三英語名師動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)正面解讀返回目錄反面解讀 高考鏈接 12012安徽卷 After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it _. A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 解析 D考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。readingroom和 decorate之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。B和C是主 動(dòng)形式，故排除。題空處暗含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語：我們?nèi)?閱覽室的那段時(shí)間，表示過

2、去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的被 動(dòng)動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀22012安徽卷 Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 解析 A考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。從星期一到星期六24小時(shí) 營(yíng)業(yè)表示經(jīng)常的狀態(tài)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正

3、面解讀32012安徽卷 In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 解析 D考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作 的持續(xù)性。這里指為了找到這名丟失的小孩，最近五 個(gè)小時(shí)，村民一直在盡他們所能地尋找。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀42012北京卷 Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortuna

4、tely no one _ Ahurt Bwas hurt Chas hurt Dhad been hurt 解析 B本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)上下句， 應(yīng)該說的是發(fā)生過的大火，指過去，再加上no one與 hurt之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 句意：你聽說在市場(chǎng)發(fā)生的那場(chǎng)火災(zāi)了嗎？ 聽說了，幸好沒人受傷。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀52012湖南卷 I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _ the piano

5、for years. Adont play Bwasnt playing Chavent played Dhadnt played 解析 C考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我記得你上大 學(xué)時(shí)是一個(gè)天才鋼琴家，現(xiàn)在能為我演奏一曲嗎？ 對(duì)不起，我好多年沒有彈鋼琴了。根據(jù)題干后的 for years可知該動(dòng)作延續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，所以用現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)。故選C。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀 考點(diǎn)歸納 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(動(dòng)詞用原形或單數(shù)第三人稱后加s/es等) 規(guī)則1：表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。如： The geography teacher told us the earth m

6、oves around the sun. 規(guī)則2：表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用行為動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。如： We always care for each other and help each other.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則3：表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。如：Smith own

7、s a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.規(guī)則4：少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The shop closes at 11：00 pm. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則5：在時(shí)間、條件

8、、方式及讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。如：If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.規(guī)則6：在the morethe more句型中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如：The harder you study, the better results you will get.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則7：在make sure, see to it,

9、mind, care, matter后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如：See to it that you are not late again.規(guī)則8：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/arev.ing) 規(guī)則1：表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如： It is raining now. 規(guī)則2：表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

10、 He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 從明天起他要當(dāng)老師。規(guī)則3：代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.長(zhǎng)江滾滾向東流去。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則4：與always, often, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：He is always helping others.他總

11、是幫助其他人。She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則5：下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need, etc.(2)表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞及短語：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on, etc.(3)表示瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow, accept,

12、permit, promise, admit, complete, etc.(4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look， etc.規(guī)則6：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days 等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(has/havev.ed) 規(guī)則1：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或 結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。如： I have finished the report.

13、She has cleaned the room. 規(guī)則2：表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for”， “since”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。如： He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則3：表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。如：Where is Li Hua?He has gone to th

14、e readingroom.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則4：在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達(dá)將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如：When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then.溫馨提示 這里的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前完成， 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾

15、乎同時(shí)發(fā)生， 則不必用完成時(shí)。試比較：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her.She will call you when she gets home.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則5：短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞)及短語如：join, lose, buy, borrow, lend, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out, take part in等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：He

16、has joined the army three years.()He joined the army three years ago. ()He has been in the army for three years. ()It is/has been three years since he joined the army. ()返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則6：下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1)It is (has been)一段時(shí)間since從句(過去時(shí))(2)This (That/It) is the first (second) time that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

17、(3)This(That/It)is the onlythat現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(4)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interestingthat現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)規(guī)則7：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語： recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years， for時(shí)間段， since時(shí)間點(diǎn)等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)四一般過去時(shí)(ed或不規(guī)則變化) 規(guī)則1：一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上

18、下文語境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去時(shí)。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則2：如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用過去時(shí)。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night.規(guī)則3：表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。

19、如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, etc.The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則4：用于I didnt know或I forgot，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。如：I didnt know you were here. (現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道)Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. (“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了)規(guī)則5

20、：一般過去時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months 等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)五過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/werev.ing) 規(guī)則1：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn) 行的動(dòng)作(這一過去時(shí)間需用時(shí)間狀語表示)。如： He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 規(guī)則2：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn) 行。如： They were still working when I

21、 left. 規(guī)則3：指兩個(gè)過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如： I was writing while he was watching TV.規(guī)則4：過去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來動(dòng)作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。如：He said (that) she was arriving the next day.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則5：與always, often, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。

22、如：Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others instead of thinking of himself.規(guī)則6：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來描繪故事發(fā)生時(shí)的背景。如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.規(guī)則7：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)六過去完成時(shí)(hadv.ed) 規(guī)則1：在by, by the end of, by the time, until,

23、 before后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句，其謂語動(dòng)詞則表示在某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。如： By the end of last year, we had produced 20，000 cars.規(guī)則2：表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“從過去到過去”。如：When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則3：表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/inte

24、nded/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto have done。如：I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.規(guī)則4：表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型：hardly/scarcelywhen (before)；no soonerthanWe had no sooner been seated than the bus started. No sooner had we been seated than the bus started

25、.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則5：It/That/This was the first (second，third)time that(從句中用過去完成時(shí)態(tài))。如：It was the second time that he had been out with her.規(guī)則6：過去完成時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：before, by the end of last month/years等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)七一般將來時(shí)(will/shall/be going to do) 規(guī)則1：表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall 動(dòng)詞原形。

26、 規(guī)則2：表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如： Well die without air or water. 規(guī)則3：表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞，如： come，go， start，begin，leave等詞，常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示 一般將來時(shí)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則4：be going to do 與will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及區(qū)別：(1)shall/will do表示事先未考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。如：Youve left the light on.Oh, so I have. Ill go and turn it

27、 off.(2)在祈使句and/or陳述句句型中，陳述句中只能用will/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形。如：Work hard, and you will pass the exam.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀(3)be going to表示現(xiàn)在打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.()If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.()(4)be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將

28、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。如：A meeting is to be held at 3：00 this afternoon.(5)be about to do sth. 表示“即將，就要”，后面不能接具體時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句。如：Autumn harvest is about to start.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則5：一般將來時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語常見的有：tomorrow, today, next week/month， in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)

29、態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)八過去將來時(shí)(would do, was/were going to do) 規(guī)則1：表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或過去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語從句中)。如： She was sure she would succeed. 規(guī)則2：表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： When he was young, he would go swimming. 溫馨提示 would與used to的區(qū)別：would只表示過 去，不涉及現(xiàn)在；而used to表示“過去常?！币c現(xiàn) 在比較，即現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。 返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀 規(guī)則3：過去將來時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間

30、狀語常見的有：the following month, the next week等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)九幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為。 而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如： On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀2一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)所表達(dá)的事件與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)

31、。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。如：I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀3一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或過去存在的

32、狀態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在做某事。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。 如：I read a book last month.(書已經(jīng)在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)讀完)I was reading a book last month. (書未讀完)返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀4一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)判斷是不是過去完成時(shí)應(yīng)先從時(shí)間軸上找到表示“過去”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作，然后判斷在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作之前還有沒有另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，并且判斷該句是否強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在前。如：The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on

33、the playground.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀5完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)分別表示某一動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去某一時(shí)間。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)雖然也表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去某一時(shí)間，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)。如：Why does the river smell terrible?Because the water has been polluted.He has been writing articles for our newspaper these years, and he has writ

34、ten about 40 in all.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀動(dòng)詞語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一概念 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如： People speak English all over the world.(主動(dòng)語態(tài)) English is spoken all over the world.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以ask為例)返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例)

35、1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are asked 6過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being asked 2一般過去時(shí)was/were asked 7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been asked3一般將來時(shí)shall/will be asked 8過去完成時(shí) had been asked4過去將來時(shí)would be asked 9將來完成時(shí) will/shall have been asked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being asked 10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)can/must/may/should etc. be asked規(guī)則1：不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況。(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞

36、或不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如：hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞及短語，如： have, own, belong to等。(4)表示“希望， 意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀(6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(7)有些動(dòng)

37、詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)。這類常見的動(dòng)詞有sell, write, wash, open, lock等。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則2：主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(1)當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut, read, sell, wear, write等詞后接狀語修飾語well/smoothly等時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)，均用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door

38、 wont lock.The lamps on the wall turn off.返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀(2)want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(3)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(4)在“be形容詞to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。如：The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外，be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀規(guī)則3：被動(dòng)語態(tài)

39、與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如：The plate was broken by the cat.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))How did this dish get broken？(系表結(jié)構(gòu))返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)正面解讀1Hi, Lucy, you look tired. Im really tired. I _the living room all day. Apainted Bhad painted Chave been painting Dhave been painted 【誤】 學(xué)生容易分辨不清C與D的區(qū)別，而誤選D。 【正】 C 解析 C項(xiàng)

40、是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。這一點(diǎn)是從時(shí)間狀語all day(整天)看出來的。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀2Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _！(promise) 【誤】 has promised 【正】 promised 解析 南?！按饝?yīng)要來”這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾，前文已告訴我們“她不來了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，只是過去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀3托尼給我打 時(shí)，我剛完成工作，要開始洗澡。 【誤】 When Tony phoned

41、me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 解析 從關(guān)鍵信息I had just finished my work可以 看出是“正要開始洗澡”應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行時(shí)，was starting 可以表示馬上就要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而started表示 “開始了”。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀4I dont really work here; I

42、_until the new secretary arrives. A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out 【誤】 此題易受第一句話的影響，而誤選A。 【正】 表示“我”現(xiàn)在只是在臨時(shí)幫忙，是現(xiàn)階段正在 進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，選C。 解析 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的、經(jīng)常性的行為或狀 態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的、暫時(shí)性的 動(dòng)作。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀5很多的鳥類正被人們捕殺。 【誤】 Many birds are killed now. 【正】 Many b

43、irds are being killed now. 解析 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，不能遺漏其中的助動(dòng)詞，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 1The fire _ before the firemen arrived. Ais put out Bhave put out Chad been put out Dput out 答案 C返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀2Just now Jenny gave ten dollars to a person in trouble. She _ others. Awas always he

44、lping Bis always helping Calways helped Dhad always helped 解析 B考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩，在這里表示一種贊揚(yáng)。答句句意：她總是在幫助別人。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀3Why do you look so worried? My MacBook Pro broke down and my paper _ unfinished since. A was left B has left C left D has been left 解析 D考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。答句句意：我的M

45、acBook Pro壞了，我的論文還沒有完成。since后省略了時(shí)間then(就是MacBook Pro壞了以后)，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；在leave my paper unfinished結(jié)構(gòu)中，paper提到了謂語動(dòng)詞的前面，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀4The iPhone 4s has been on the market for some time. Have you got one? Yes, I _ one during my visit to Hong Kong. Ahave bought Bbought Chad bought Dwould b

46、uy 解析 B考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。從答語中的Yes來看，他已經(jīng)買了iPhone 4s，是在去香港旅游的時(shí)候買的，也就是說，這是發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以用一般過去時(shí)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀5The decision _ for almost a year because of the local residents complaints that the newlybuilt factory would disturb the quietness of the place. Ahas been delayed Bwas delayed Cwould be dela

47、yed Dwill be delayed 解析 B考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由后面的過去將來時(shí)可知此處用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。返回目錄專題9 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)反面解讀6Traffic conditions in Beijing _ for decades.At first people only complained about jams during rush hours, but today every hour is rush hour. Ais worsening Bhave worsened Chave been worsening Dworsened 解析 C考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：北京的交通狀況幾十年來一直在惡化。起初，人們