過去分詞用法

1、關(guān)于過去分詞的用法第一張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在分詞形式過去分詞形式一般式doingdone完成式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動作是主動的和正在進(jìn)行過去分詞: 表示動作是被動的和完成分詞在句中可以作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。第二張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，既表示被動，又表示完成。 (1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表示動作的完成。 (2) He is r

2、etired. 他已退休。 3. 有些過去分詞作表語時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山。 過去分詞作表語 第三張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。 (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，表示動作） (2) The library is now closed. 圖書

3、館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語） 【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成, -ing 形式表示主動或進(jìn)行。有些動詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，用 -ing 形式來修飾物。 (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。第四張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月過去分詞作定語 作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 1.

4、過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。 第五張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。 (1)The meeting, attend

5、ed by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。 第六張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 過去分詞作狀語 1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。 【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。 (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt h

6、ear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾校运麤]聽到那個(gè)聲音。 第七張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。 (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解這道題。（given 為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I ，即 I 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。） (2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從山頂看城市，城市顯得更漂亮。（s

7、een 為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看”，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是“我們”，因?yàn)椤拔覀儭睉?yīng)主動看城市。）第八張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓龃笥?，所以他全身濕透了?(caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast

8、. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語，它來源于條件狀語從句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.第九張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，過去分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,如when，while等。例如： When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置。過

9、去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。第十張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表示時(shí)間Seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fogWhen it is seen from the top of the hill，our city looks sur

10、rounded in the fog從山頂上看，我們的城市看起來像被霧氣籠罩了。Once published，the dictionary will be very popularOnce it is published，the dictionary will be very popular一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。第十一張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月拓展:有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，過去分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞，如when，while等。例如：When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seap

11、ort這條鐵路建成后，將把許多工業(yè)城市和一個(gè)海港連接起來。When told to go to the teachers office，the girl began to cry當(dāng)被告知去老師辦公室時(shí)，這女孩開始哭起來。第十二張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表示原因:Tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleepSince he was tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep由于干重活疲勞至極，他很快就睡著了。第十三張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表示條件:Given more time，we

12、would certainly have finished the job much betterIf we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我們有更多的時(shí)間，我們肯定會把工作完成得更好些。Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouragedThough they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged雖然被對

13、方打敗，但隊(duì)員們沒有泄氣。第十四張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表示伴隨:The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students教授坐在那里，許多學(xué)生圍著他。He came back，utterly exhausted他回來時(shí)疲憊不堪。第十五張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有以下三類： 1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 (1) I

14、heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard；） (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found）第十六張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。(2) He got his tooth pulled out

15、 yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 【注意】過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 第十七張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（二）使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。 1. 過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了） 2. 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如： (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了。 （自己的經(jīng)歷）第十八張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 “

16、with 賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“with 賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如： (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式） (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件） (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決，我們都回家

17、了。（表原因） (4)She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。 第十九張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1 _ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 2 _in 1636 ,Harvard is one of

18、 the most famous universities in the United States .A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3 Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited DCA第二十張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4 _,but he still couldnt understand it .A He had b

19、een told many times B Having been told many timesC Told many times D Although he had been told many times 5 When first _to the market , these products enjoyed great success .A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced AB第二十一張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6 There seemed to be nothing _to do but _f

20、or the doctor .A leave / send B left / to send C left / send D leaving / send 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves .A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide CD作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實(shí)意動詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to 第二十二張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 8 . The _ mornin

21、g, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy. following, following B. followed, followedC. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery. looked; taken B. looking; taken

22、C. looked; took D. looking; takingCB第二十三張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having givenDA第二十四張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.

23、The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥第二十五張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月簡析: 首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受,且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。第二十六張，PP

24、T共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句 which is spoken。第二十七張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡析: 該

25、題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動, 等于定語從句who were invited。第二十八張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非限制性定語從句“which was opened last year”代替。第二十九張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

26、5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句which were written。第三十張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.

27、 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡析: 很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands,而不是句子的主語 The murderer,而 his hands 對于動詞 tie來說,只能是被動承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選D。 第三十一張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考鏈接B解析：答

28、案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。第三十二張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考鏈接A解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。第三十三張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. Dont use

29、 words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考鏈接D解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。第三十四張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of

30、nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾flowers。smell為系動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于which/that smells sweet。第三十五張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Practice1.Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?to be held B. having been held C. held D. being heldDo you know the name of the play_ in the h

31、all now?to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.written B. writing C. was written D. to write4.Please dont forget him. He is one of _.those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA第

32、三十六張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. The teacher walked to lab, _. A. followed by his students B. his students followed C. and followed by his students D. both A and B 第三十七張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. When _ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. A. heating and taking B. heated, and taking C. heating or ta

33、ken D. heated or taken第三十八張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 第三十九張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (03北京春)A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tir

34、ed; bored D. tiring; boring第四十張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 9. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01全國夏)A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered第四十一張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10. Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 11. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (02京皖春)A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying第四十二張，PPT共五十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月12.TheEmperorsNew