考前添分指導(dǎo)廣東高考英語閱讀理解指導(dǎo)Ⅰ精講精析

1、閱讀理解中主旨大意題的解題技巧一、設(shè)題方式The passage is mainly about . Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?What s the main theme of the passage?What s mainly discussed in the p

2、assage?二、干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn).斷章取義。干擾項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，也就是文章的局部信息。.以偏概全。干擾項(xiàng)常常以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要內(nèi)容。.主題擴(kuò)大。干擾項(xiàng)歸納、概括的范圍過大。.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B上。三、解題指導(dǎo)解題時(shí)需要快速了解作者的寫作方法，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找到主題句或主旨句。作者表現(xiàn)文章主旨的方式一般有下面幾種：1.正三角形寫作法主題出現(xiàn)在首句或者首段。開門見山提出主題，這是英語中最常見的寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語”、“導(dǎo)語”，實(shí)際上就是提出主題。大部分說明文也是如此。例1:2013年福建卷閱讀理解E篇A MENTORIN（GW制）

3、program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the program; s founder, said: Weset up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young pe

4、ople experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their o utlook.”What would be the best title for the passage?Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsYoung People Find a World of OpportunityKieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisDebates Help Youth with Their Grades解析：Bo 本文的第一句A

5、 MENTORINfGI師制）program is giving life changingopportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主題句，它點(diǎn)明了本文主要涉及的內(nèi)容。由此可知，導(dǎo)師制為年輕人提供了改變生活的機(jī)會。例2:2013年重慶卷閱讀理解 C篇Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly whenthe first wheel was invented or what it was used for. Wedo know, however, that t

6、hey existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.What is the passage mainly about?The beginning of road design.The development of transport wheels.The history of public transport.The invention of fast-moving vehicles.解析：Bo本文開門見山地提到 wheel,點(diǎn)明了文章的主題。再綜合后文的內(nèi)容可知，全文 講述了車輪的發(fā)展歷程以及道路設(shè)計(jì)對車輪發(fā)展的影響。2.倒三角形寫作法主題句出現(xiàn)

7、在文尾，即先表述事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)或論據(jù)，然后在結(jié)尾點(diǎn)出主題或結(jié)論。例：2013年廣東卷閱讀理解B篇Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow upin the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don t come into play because they do. Som

8、e people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that s just the reality of howlife is.However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually makeit more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, on

9、e needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become greatat certain things, it ll require even more time, time that most peoplewon t putin.Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long

10、period of time. If you renot willing to put in the time and work, dont expect to receive any rewards.Consistent, hard work won t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.What is the main theme

11、 of the passage?Having a goal is vital to success.Being good is different from being great.One cannot succeed without time and practice.Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.解析：Co由第二段開頭的However可知，本文的主題論點(diǎn)不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段對全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，根據(jù)該段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need towork day i

12、n and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time 可知，本文的主題思想是“人們不付出時(shí)間和練習(xí)是不可能取得成功的”。3.菱形寫作法比較常見的是問題答案型寫作法，作者在一開始或某一段末以問句形式提出一個(gè)問題，然后給出該問題的答案(Type 1)。另外還有一種常見的寫作方法，此類寫作法常出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)象解釋 型文章中，作者開始敘述某一現(xiàn)象，然后對該現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋(Type 2)。常用于 Type 1 的表達(dá)： why, result in, bring about, lead to, give r

13、ise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, so -that, so that 等。常用于 Type 2 的表達(dá)：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。例1:2013年天津卷閱讀理解C篇Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by thedetours （繞行路）in life than b

14、y the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. Someroad trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me

15、 realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey - and the best part of yourself.What could be the best title for the passage?Charm of the DetourThe Road to BraveryCreativity out of NecessityRoad Trip and Country Life解析：A本文一開頭就引入話題“繞行”。作者這些年來為了貪圖便捷快速一直走高速路，而這次因?yàn)檎疹櫮暧椎暮⒆佣坏貌贿x擇鄉(xiāng)間公路，這次經(jīng)歷讓她和

16、孩子們欣賞了大自然的美景，發(fā)現(xiàn)了繞行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一個(gè)出現(xiàn)頻率極高的詞匯。本文在第一段通過詩人的話就引出detour ,文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句點(diǎn)明了主題，即繞行路充滿了魅力。例2：2013年廣東卷閱讀理解D篇While Jennifer was at hometaking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor （監(jiān)控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move. In the battle against cheating, th

17、is is the cutting edge and a key to encouragehonesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that theirexam

18、s and diplomas are valid that students haven t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern overcheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open onlinecourses. Private colleges, public universities an

19、d corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?The Advantages of Online ExamsThe High-tech Methods in Onl

20、ine CoursesThe Fight against Cheating in Online EducationThe War against the Booming of Online Education解析：Co本文先通過一個(gè)具體的事例引出要討論的話題，文中的 In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the boomingfield of online education 和 the concern over cheating has become

21、 sharper in the lastyear with the growth of【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】“open online courses.等句點(diǎn)明了本文的主旨內(nèi)容。t listen because they alreadyIDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They donknow it all. I was lucky: I becamea pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn t realize then, but bec

22、oming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned aboutcrew resource management （機(jī)組資源管理 ）,or CRM, a new idea to makeflying safer.It meansthat crew membersshould listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.I fir

23、st read about CRMIn 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put thelanding gear （起落架

24、）down. He was a betterpilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to pu t the landing geardown now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I ve used itin the operating room ever since. CRMe

25、quires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposi te, the doctor doesn t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I m in the operatingroom, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes t

26、hey re not willingto speakup. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from a landing gear up .? Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C. The Making of a Good Pilot D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor nListening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listeningwell is the rule known as bracketing . Bracketing includes thetemporary giving up