英語報刊文章特點-體裁與結構

1、英語報刊文章特點-體裁與結構.新聞定義News is s fresh report of events , facts , or opinions that people did not know before they read your story .News is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the bestnews is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number.News is any event , idea or opin

2、ion that is timely , that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them .News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance, use , orinterest to a considerable number of persons in a publication audience.If a dog bites a man ,

3、 it is not news ; if a man bites a dog , its (big ) news .新聞價值就是通常所說的新聞價值(news value )。構成新聞價值的要素很多，在英語新聞報 道中，主要有以下幾種：1)時效性(timeliness )和時新性(freshness )2)重要性(importance , consequence , impact or significance )3)顯著性(prominence )4)接近性(nearness , proximity or locality )5)奇異性(unusualness , bizarreness ,

4、oddity or novelty )6)趣味性(interest ).新聞種類新聞的種類很多，按照不同的分類標準，有各種不同的分類方法。按傳播工具，可分為報紙新聞 (newspaper coverages )、雜志新聞 (magazine coverages )、廣播新聞 (radio news )、電視新聞(TV news )、有線電視新聞(cable news )和通訊社新聞(news agency dispatches )。按照新聞事實發(fā)生的地域和范圍，又有國際新聞( world news )、國內新 聞(home news )和地方新聞(local news )之分。若按報道的內容，

5、新聞則可分為：政 治新聞(political news )、經濟新聞 (economic news)、科技新聞 (technological news )、文化新聞(cultural news )、體育新聞(sports news )、暴力與犯罪新聞( violence and crime news )、災難新聞 (disaster news )、天氣新聞 (weather news )、訃告 (obituary ) 和娛樂(entertainment )等若干大類。如按照事件的性質，斯間又可分為硬新聞(hard news )和“軟新聞(soft news )兩大類。硬新聞亦稱“純消息報道(

6、spot news or straight news ),指題材比較嚴肅、 具有一定時新性的客觀事實報道。軟新聞是指人情味較濃、寫法輕松活潑的社會新聞，其題材可能會顯得陳舊或無關緊要，但決非枯燥乏味。軟新聞能引起讀者情感上的波動，使讀者既想笑又想哭，既愛又恨，既妒又憐。.新聞體裁記者按不同的報道形式即新聞體裁(news style )予以采寫。由于新聞活動的范圍是一個 廣闊多姿、變化無窮的世界，其間的客觀事物也呈多樣性，因而報道的內容是豐富多彩的，新聞體裁也在 不斷更新。就我國讀者閱讀英語報刊的基本情況而言，新聞體裁主要可分為四大類：消息報道( news reporting )、特寫(feat

7、ures )、社論(editorials )和 廣告(advertisements )。 另一種分類：消息(news ),特寫(features )和新聞評論(commentaries and columns )新聞寫作由于記者寫作風格不同，文體結構無定格。但 大體上說新聞文體的主體結構是由標題、導語、正文三部分組成。a.標題(headline ):濃縮概括全文的中心實質問題。b.導語(1ead or introduction ):通常為文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要話題 和最主要的事實。c.正文(body ):在導語的基礎上，引入更多的與主題相關的事實，使之更加詳實、具體，并展開評論，進

8、而得出結論。五個 W 和一個 H (When ? Where ? Who ? What ? Why ?和 How ?)是構成一則完整的消息不可缺少的要素。直接的消息報道或純消息報道一般采用“倒金字塔形式 (theInverted Pyramid Form ),其特點是按新聞報道最重要的五個 W和一個H頭重腳輕地安排材料，把新聞的高潮和結論放在最前面的導語里，然后以事實的重要性遞減的順序來安排(in the order of descending importance ) 材料。為了幫助讀者了解這種倒金字塔式結構，請見西方新聞學著作中的圖表說明:The Inverted Pyramid Form

9、Introduction containing most important or most interesting information導語包括最重要或最吸引人的消息 more facts更多的事實材料supporting information or background輔助性消息或背景材料quotes or more facts of lesser importance弓 I 語或次要的事實材料minor details 細節(jié)材料least significant information 最不重要的消息FILADELFIA Colombia (AP ) Rain-softened wa

10、lls of a condemned strip mine crashed down on scores of gold miners in western Colombia Thursday, killing atleast 28 and leaving 40 others missing , authorities said .The victims were said to be poor people who ignored government warnings thaterosion had made the mine unsafe . It appeared both the i

11、llegal digging and recent heavy rains were to blame for the accident.Survivors said two separate mudslides occurred at the site in Filadelfia, a small town120 miles west of Bogot a . The second avalanche buried miners who were trying to rescue friends who had been engulfed in the first avalanche.Res

12、cuers shoveled furiously for hours in hopes of finding somebody alive, but onlyrecovered bodies .As night fell Thursday , national disaster chief Eduardo Jose Gonzalez said hopes of finding anyone alive waned as crews prepared to suspend operations. The searchwas to resume Friday .Gonzalez said 28bo

13、dies had been recovered,and at least 40 people weremissing . Thirty-two miners were reported injured and taken to hospitals.Hundreds of people had gathered at the scene, many of them anguished andweeping relatives .Emergency crews from the Red Cross and the civil defense forces were using heavy mach

14、inery to remove the thick mud spread over the site. Complicating the recoveryeffort , huge pools of water had seeped into the site from a river running up to the hillside - used by the miners to rinse gold particles from dirt.Survivors said the earth crashed down without warning on a group of about

15、200 people trying to scrape gold from the well-worn hill-side. The workers were toilingwith shovels and picks inside a deep hole they had carved into the hill. The cavernhad no structural supports .Many workers managed to scramble out of the way or crawl out from beneath the mud .Others were not so

16、lucky .“We heard a very loud sound and the hill suddenly fell down upon us, said20-year-old Manuel Loaiza . I was trapped up to my knees but some of the others dragged me out .”Loaiza said he made less than $ 9a day at the crude mine . His 39-year-old uncle is still missing under the mudBut resident

17、s thrown out ofAccording to Julian Arboleda , an aide to Caldas State governor Luis Alfonso Arias officials ordered the mine closed several months ago work by Colombias economic downturn took the risk of working there anywayArboleda said .Landslides triggered by rains are Colombias most common natur

18、al disaster, killingdozens of people annually . Thursdays accident was the worst such tragedy in recent years .According to the governments disaster relief agency, nearly 200 people died in apoor neighborhood in the city of Medellin when a 1987 landslide buried theirhouses . Landslides buried 150 da

19、m workers in 1983 and a rescue team sent on their behalf .首先要注意消息報道導語(第一段)里的“電頭”(dateline )“FILADELFIA , Colombia(AP) ”即“美聯社發(fā)自哥倫比亞費拉達菲亞的消息”。美聯社新聞報道的時間通常置于消息的最前面(NOVEMBER 22 , 19 : 43EST),即美國的標準時11月22日19點43分。第一段十分簡單明了地告訴讀者：星期四，哥倫比亞西部的一露天金礦由于大雨而發(fā)生坍塌，至少28人死亡，40人失蹤。第二段增加了新的新聞事實：金礦坍塌的遇難者是貧民，雖然政府警告說由于侵蝕使采礦危險，但他們置若罔聞；金礦的坍塌可能是由于非法的開采以及近日的大雨造成的。這一段支持并擴展了導語。共