翻譯理論與實(shí)踐趙明秀

1、一、翻譯的基本理論復(fù)習(xí)題（一）列舉至少三種翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（中、西均可），并指出是由誰(shuí)提出的。二）翻譯的主要方法有（三）列舉你所掌握的翻譯技巧。（四）列舉中、西翻譯史上著名翻譯家至少十位。（五）談?wù)劮g的困難（至少兩點(diǎn)）。（六）中、西語(yǔ)言的主要差異是：（七）一個(gè)合格的譯者應(yīng)具備哪些素質(zhì)？（八）中國(guó)大規(guī)模的翻譯活動(dòng)是什么時(shí)候開始的？（九）文學(xué)翻譯和非文學(xué)翻譯有什么主要不同點(diǎn)？（十）翻譯為什么要講究修辭？（十一）翻譯是忠實(shí)主要還是通順重要？或者兩者都重要，為什么？（十二）翻譯的過程是什么？（十三）你認(rèn)為語(yǔ)境在翻譯重要嗎？為什么？（十四）翻譯的靈活性體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？（十五）翻譯時(shí)需要注意原文中文化因素的傳達(dá)

2、嗎？為什么？（十六）四字格的翻譯要注意什么？（十七）翻譯理論和翻譯實(shí)踐是什么關(guān)系？（十八）翻譯有不必要考慮讀者嗎？為什么？（十九）翻譯是理解重要還是表達(dá)重要？為什么？（二十）翻譯是傳達(dá)內(nèi)容重要還是保留風(fēng)格重要？為什么？（二十一）理解原文，指的是理解原文中的什么？試題樣式一、翻譯的基本理論與技巧（共 20分）.英國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家 M.A.K.Halliday 提出的構(gòu)成語(yǔ)境三要素中，tenors of discourse指A.交際所涉及的題材內(nèi)容B.書面語(yǔ)和口頭語(yǔ)C.交際雙方的年齡、性別、職業(yè)、地位和相互關(guān)系D.交際環(huán)境.下面不屬于西方后現(xiàn)代派翻譯理論家的是A.德里達(dá)B.紐馬克C.圖瑞D.巴斯奈特.提

3、出“翻譯就是翻譯形式”的觀點(diǎn)的是A.霍姆斯B.勒弗維爾C.佐哈爾D.本雅明.翻譯了莎士比亞的全部戲劇作品。A.朱生豪B.卞之琳C.梁實(shí)秋D.林語(yǔ)堂.在下列四組特點(diǎn)中A.重意合，多主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，多動(dòng)態(tài)詞，多重復(fù)，多生物詞作主語(yǔ)B.重形合，多主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，多動(dòng)態(tài)詞，多替代，多物稱詞作主語(yǔ)C.重意合，多被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，多靜態(tài)詞，多重復(fù)，多生物詞作主語(yǔ)D.重形合，多被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，多靜態(tài)詞，多替代，多物稱詞作主語(yǔ).下列四種語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)A.重形合B.多動(dòng)態(tài)詞語(yǔ)C.多替代D.多物稱詞作主語(yǔ). ask, question, interrogate三個(gè)同義詞中，ask最普通，由此可以判定，它最有可能源A.法語(yǔ)B.拉丁語(yǔ)C.盎格魯-撒

4、克遜語(yǔ)D.希臘語(yǔ).名詞化 (nominalization)傾向是A.廣告英語(yǔ)B.新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)C.科技英語(yǔ)D.文學(xué)英語(yǔ).意義相符，功能相似”是指哪三種意義相符。A .指稱意義，言內(nèi)意義，語(yǔ)用意義B.表達(dá)意義，社交意義，祈使意義C.指稱意義，聯(lián)想意義，語(yǔ)用意義D.語(yǔ)法意義，音系意義，語(yǔ)用意義.列車的“慢車”應(yīng)該翻譯為。slow trainlocal trainfast traintardy train.文化差異在給翻譯帶來(lái)了困難，在詞匯層面上主要表現(xiàn)為。A.詞匯空缺，詞義沖突，語(yǔ)義聯(lián)想，語(yǔ)用含義B.詞匯空缺，語(yǔ)用含義C.語(yǔ)義聯(lián)想，語(yǔ)用含義D.詞義沖突，語(yǔ)用含義. to laugh off ones h

5、ead被譯為“笑掉大牙，這是運(yùn)用了翻譯方法?A.直譯法B.意譯法C.漢語(yǔ)同義習(xí)語(yǔ)的套用法D.歸化法.“他主要抓生產(chǎn)”應(yīng)翻譯為：A . He is mainly in charge of production.He mainly grasps production.He mainly appeals to production.D.He mainly stresses production. The first bombs missed the target意思是“第一批炸彈沒有擊中目標(biāo)“ ，用了什么翻 譯方法A。A.正反，反正表達(dá)法B.意譯法C.直譯法D.音譯法.“他們對(duì)我們的工作沒有多大意見

6、”應(yīng)翻譯為：A.They have no great opinion of our work.They don t have much complaint about our work.C.They have no idea of our work.D.They are unsatisfied with our work.Joan can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.可以翻譯成： A 。A.約翰為人可靠，他既忠誠(chéng)又正直。B.約翰為人可靠，他一向不吃魚，而且經(jīng)常玩游戲。C.約翰被人依靠，他不吃魚，玩游戲。D.約翰依靠別人，他很

7、忠誠(chéng)，不喜歡玩游戲。Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.的正確翻譯是： _D_。A.魯絲一直在擾亂別的孩子，所以我把她帶到門口。B.魯絲一直在擾亂別的孩子，所以我把門指引給她看。Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 意思為A.昨夜我聽見他把他的豬趕到市場(chǎng)。Bo昨夜我聽見鼾聲如雷。C.昨夜我聽見他開車把豬送到市場(chǎng)。Do昨夜我聽見他開車去了市場(chǎng)。He took the chair at the board of directors 下面哪句翻譯

8、最為恰當(dāng):A.他在公司的董事會(huì)上坐過那張椅子。B.在公司的董事會(huì)上他擔(dān)任主席。C.他坐在董事會(huì)的辦公室里。D.以上任何一句翻譯都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。?jiǎn)述題：.如何理解直譯和意譯之間的關(guān)系.簡(jiǎn)述文化與翻譯之間的關(guān)系.如何理解嚴(yán)復(fù)的“信，達(dá)，雅”翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn).分析英漢在心理文化方面的異同二、翻譯實(shí)踐（共 80分）天津工業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（1）考試試題姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 班級(jí)I.翻譯的基本理論（每題 5分，共20分）.列舉你所掌握的翻譯技巧。.一個(gè)合格的譯者應(yīng)具備哪些素質(zhì)？.翻譯的過程有哪些基本步驟？.翻譯是忠實(shí)重要還是通順重要？或者兩者都重要，為什么?II.詞語(yǔ)翻譯（每題 2分，共20分）laugh of

9、f one s headgood chess playeras sure as a gunsophisticated novela drowned ratin the same boatlive in a fool s paradisetalk horsespend money like watermeet one s Waterloo.句子番S譯（每題5分，共25分）When my door opened I saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that

10、 it bordered on the beautiful.Never was night so still; never was a sky so deeply blue, nor stars so bright and serene.It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.In the doo

11、rway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake when an important question was to be decided.段落翻譯（共35分）.將下面的段落譯成漢語(yǔ)（20分）The autumn leaves blew over the moonlit pavement in such a way as to make the girl who was moving there seem fixed to

12、 a sliding walk, letting the motion of the wind and the leaves carry her forward. Her head was half bent to watch her shoes stir the circling leaves. Her face was slender and milk-white, and in it was a kind of gentle hunger that touched over every thing with tireless curiosity. It was a look, almos

13、t, of pale surprise; the dark eyes were so fixed to the world that no move escaped them. Her dress was white and it whispered. He almost thought he heard the motion of her hands as she walked, and the infinitely small sound now, the white stir of her face turning when she discovered she was a moment

14、 away from a man who stood in the middle of the pavement waiting. （ Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 ）.將劃線部分譯成漢語(yǔ)（15分）When we criticize American rootlessness, we tend to forget that it is a result of ideals we admire, namely, social mobility and optimism about the future. When we admire Chinese rootedness, we forget that th