考研英語作文必背句型+口譯考試技巧

1、 HYPERLINK /show.php?tid=118041 o 分享：2012年考研英語作文上24分必背句型 t _blank 2012年考研英語作文上24分必背句型【譯言譯語】口譯考試之漢譯英五大技巧筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在歷年的口譯考試中，考生們往往可以比較輕松地通過筆試，可通過口試的人卻寥寥無幾。究其原因，口試中的“攔路虎”主要就是口譯部分。因此，本文想結(jié)合歷年二階段考試的真題，談一些口譯技巧，希望對考生們有所幫助。技巧一：解釋 (explanation)如果你查字典的話，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，口譯這個詞的英語(論壇)表達interpretation, 就是“解釋”的意思，所以口譯說到底就是在做一件事“解釋”

2、，把意思解釋明白就是口譯員的職責(zé)?！翱谧g”不可能像“筆譯”那樣做到“雅”，因為口譯是即席的(impromptu)，譯員不可能找個安靜的地方仔細推敲譯文。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試過程中，很多考生都不屑用一些簡單的詞來解釋意思，而是用一些自己認為的“高級”詞匯，似乎覺得這樣才能獲得考官的好感，其實，在很多情況下，考生所用的這些難詞，往往不是讀音錯了，就是搭配出了問題。所以，在考試的時候，用簡單的詞把意思說清楚就可以了，當(dāng)然，用“高級”詞也可以，可前提是不出錯。筆者還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在考試過程中，很多考生總是被“語言形式”所嚇住，比如四字格，古詩詞等，其實在遇到這些情況的時候，我們武器就是“解釋”，下面我們一起來看幾個

3、例子：中國古代有種舞，就是驅(qū)鬼逐疫的祭祀儀式上跳的舞。In ancient China, there were a form of dance which was performed at HYPERLINK /app/w/ritualritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and to relieve people of epidemics.當(dāng)考生們看到“驅(qū)鬼逐疫”的時候，大可不必驚慌，一定要冷靜。先在腦子里把“驅(qū)鬼逐疫”解釋一下，意思就是“讓鬼和疾病都遠離人們”，接著再口譯就比較輕松了。近一時期，國際上發(fā)生了許多大事，上至政治家，下至老百姓

4、，都無法視而不見，充耳不聞。Some major events have taken place in recent months. None of us, from politicians to people in the street, can afford to overlook.“都無法視而不見，充耳不聞?！钡囊馑季褪恰安荒芎鲆暋?，所以這里大可不必費力的翻譯成“turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to”, 只要翻譯成 “overlook”. “neglect” 等詞就可以了。北京，這座古老而充滿活力的城市，正以鏗鏘的步伐昂首闊步邁向國際現(xiàn)代化大都市

5、之列。Beijing, an energetic city with a long history, is now becoming/ rising to become one of the worlds modern metropolises.聽到這樣的句子，對于練習(xí)較少的考生來說，肯定會被“鏗鏘”、“昂首闊步”搞得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。其實，原文的意思也就是“北京正在成為一個國際大都市”。不知道大家發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有，我們在解釋的同時其實還在做一件事，就是“簡化”原文。這是必然的，要解釋一個概念，我們往往都會選擇較簡單的文字。這也是listener-friendly的一種做法，在口譯實戰(zhàn)中，讓聽者明白譯文，是最

6、重要的。由此，我們也總結(jié)出一條口譯原則就是KISS (keep it simple but not stupid). 提醒大家注意，在簡化的同時千萬不要犯傻。如：“秋高氣爽，丹桂飄香”有人就譯成 “The sky is high and people feel good. The smell of Guihua is good.” 這種譯文真是讓人啼笑皆非。“秋高氣爽”的意思就是：秋天天氣晴朗，氣候涼爽。譯成 the weather in autumn is fine 即可?！暗す痫h香”的意思就是“到處可以聞到桂花的香味”，這里如果“桂花”不會譯，可以簡化成flower, 但絕不能簡化到拼音G

7、uihua 的程度。這個詞組可譯成the scent of flower can be smelled everywhere. 其實，這兩句并在一起，還可以做更簡單的口譯：in the golden season of autumn.技巧二：運用常識 (common sense)在二階段考試的時候，筆者經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生常常會犯一些常識性的錯誤。其實，這些錯誤，冷靜思考是絕對不可能犯的例 The most spectacular sights of the Yellowstone Park: the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. Its 37 km long a

8、nd 366 meters deep.這里“黃石公園的大峽谷”應(yīng)該是37公里長，很多考生考試的時候答成37米。大峽谷只有37米長?答題的時候稍微用點常識，就不會犯這樣的錯誤。例 South of the canyon lies Yellowstone Lake, one of the worlds largest freshwater lakes. Dont plan on going for a dipthe water is too cold!請大家注意劃線部分，第一處劃線Yellowstone Lake，有考生翻譯成“科羅拉多湖”，這里很明顯是沒聽清原文就瞎猜，如果對于“黃石公園”有所了

9、解的話，就不會猜得那么不靠譜了。第二處劃線，freshwater lakes 有考生譯成“新鮮水湖”。有“新鮮水湖”這個名詞嗎?根據(jù)常識，最有可能翻譯成什么呢?對，應(yīng)該是“淡水湖”。第三處劃線部分 dip 應(yīng)該怎么翻譯?很多考生沒譯出來，dip的原意是“浸、泡”，在根據(jù)上下文以及常識推測，這里的意思應(yīng)該是“游泳”。技巧三：運用簡單句型及斷句在口譯考試的時候碰到些長句是不可避免，不過大家別慌，我們總有辦法化解，這方面我們要向給溫總理做口譯的譯員學(xué)習(xí)。筆者最近對溫總理今年三月份的記者招待會做了全文聽寫，頗有收獲?？偫碇v話包括記者提問，很多都是長句，可是譯員的譯文一點都不花哨，最常用的三個句型居然是

10、：ifthen(在筆譯中，then一般都是會被省去的，這里譯員完全是按照中文里的“如果那么”的句型口譯)，not onlybut also, on the one handon the other hand.而且，把長句斷句的情況也屢見不鮮。在譯員的口譯中，基本是看不見從句或是分詞的蹤影，即便是要連接兩個句子，也基本上是用的and或是but這樣的詞。請考生看下面幾個例子：去年下半年以來，物價上漲過快，給群眾生活，特別是低收入群體帶來很大的困難。In last year, particularly the latter part of last year, the price level ros

11、e excessively. This has made the lives of people, particularly those low income groups more difficult.這個句子并不長，后半句完全可以用一個定語從句接上去，可是譯員卻做了斷句的處理。筆者認為，譯員之所以沒有用定語從句是為了讓聽眾聽得更清楚，因為聽眾在聽定語從句的時候，往往要多費腦筋，有的時候還搞不清楚在修飾哪個詞。但是中國是一個有13億人口的發(fā)展中國家，我們還必須保持經(jīng)濟有一定的發(fā)展速度來解決就業(yè)的壓力，通過發(fā)展解決前進中的問題。At the same time we need to bear

12、in mind that china is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. We must ensure that our economy continues to grow at a proper way in order to ease the pressure on employment and in this way we will properly address the problems on our way ahead through further development.在這句話中，譯員在“發(fā)展中國

13、家”處斷開了。其實，這句話也可以譯成因果句，As china is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, we must,筆者認為譯成因果句使得上下文更連貫，可是這里譯員并沒有這么處理，可能是現(xiàn)場壓力大，根本來不及仔細思考。這樣的例子在記者招待會中還有很多，所以，筆者在這里大膽地建議考生們，在聽到長句時，不妨就分割成幾個小句，這樣不僅降低了長句的難度，而且還不易出錯。對于追求譯文elegance的人來說，看到這些譯文恐怕會大失所望。其實，如果你覺得失望的話，這說明你對口譯和筆譯的差異還不了解，在現(xiàn)場壓力之下，口譯追求ele

14、gance是不現(xiàn)實的，國家級的口譯員尚且做不到這一點，更何況我們呢?所以，這里要給各位考生提個醒，切忌追求花哨的句型，考官不會因為你用了花哨的句型給你加分，或是簡單的句型給你扣分，他注意的是你有沒有把意思翻譯出來，而且，你用了復(fù)雜句型后，即使翻譯對了，讓人聽起來也會很吃力，我們最好要做到listener-friendly，站在考官的角度上想想吧。下面我們再來分析真題中的幾個句子：不同社會制度和文化傳統(tǒng)的國家，只要以各國人民的根本利益為重，彼此尊重，相互包容，就完全能夠超越意識形態(tài)差別，在和平共處五項原則基礎(chǔ)上共同發(fā)展。(高口)Countries with different social sy

15、stems and cultural traditions can transcend HYPERLINK /app/w/ideologicalideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence provided that they give priority to their peoples fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other.這里的參考譯文

16、中用了provided that巧妙地把“只要.相互包容”譯成了條件句，譯文連貫自然。但在實際的考試過程中，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生理不清分句之間的關(guān)系，更不用說調(diào)整語序了。其實，在口譯考試過程中，要調(diào)整語序的話，一定是不得已而為之的事，筆者不建議考生在考試的時候調(diào)整語序，盡量順著原句的語序說下來，適當(dāng)斷句，這樣是最節(jié)省“腦力”的方法。所以，這個長句可以改譯成：Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions must give priority to their peoples fundamental interests

17、and respect and tolerate each other. Finally, those countries can HYPERLINK /app/w/transcendtranscend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.當(dāng)然，改譯后的句子恐怕讓原句的連貫性受到一些干擾，但這也是沒要辦法的事，在口譯中追求完美是不現(xiàn)實的。例 Chinese communities are thriving

18、in many American urban centers, and their reputation as a model minority has aroused further interest in this distant land, which is so vastly different.(中口)許多美國城市的華人社區(qū)一片繁榮，并且享有模范少數(shù)民族的美譽，這讓美國人對這個和他們的文化大相徑庭的遙遠國度產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。參考譯文中，把最后的定語從句前置了，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生其實并不具備在短時間內(nèi)聽出定語從句，并完美翻譯出來的能力。所以，在這里比較省事的方法恐怕是把這個定語從句和主句

19、斷開。這句話可改譯成：許多美國城市的華人社區(qū)一片繁榮，并且享有模范少數(shù)民族的美譽，這讓美國人對這個遙遠過度產(chǎn)生了濃厚興趣。然而，他們的文化卻大相徑庭?？谧g技巧之四：重復(fù)筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在記者招待會的口譯中，口譯員頻頻使用的技巧之一就是重復(fù)，這對于各位考生朋友來說非常值得借鑒。就拿2008年3月溫總理的記者招待會的口譯為例：溫家寶我們不僅有能力維護西藏的穩(wěn)定和正常的社會秩序，而且要繼續(xù)支持西藏的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步，提高西藏各族人民的生活，保護西藏的文化和生態(tài)環(huán)境。這個立場是不會動搖的。We are fully capable of maintaining stability and the normal

20、 public order in Tibet and at the same time we will continue to support the effort of Tibet to develop the economy and make social progress. We will continue to help Tibet to improve the livelihood of people of all ethnic groups and we will continue to support the efforts to protect the cultural and

21、 natural environment in Tibet. We will never waver in this position.溫家寶我們之所以反對“入聯(lián)公投”，就是因為如果這樣一些主張得逞的話，它將改變臺灣和大陸同屬于一個中國的現(xiàn)狀，勢必沖擊兩岸關(guān)系，勢必危害兩岸人民的根本利益，勢必造成臺海局勢的緊張，破壞臺海和平以至亞太地區(qū)的和平。We are opposed to the so-called HYPERLINK /app/w/referendumreferendum scheme for Taiwans membership in the United Nations becau

22、se we believe that if such scheme should succeed, it would deny the reality that both Taiwan and mainland belong to one and the same china. And that will deal a serious blow to cross-straits relations. That will harm the fundamental interests of people on both sides. That will cause tension in the T

23、aiwan Straits and that will threaten the peace in the Taiwan Straits and peace in the Asia-Pacific region at large.溫家寶但是只要中印雙方都抱有誠意，本著平等相待、互諒互讓的原則，我想解決邊界問題的談判會有新的進展。I would like to say that as long as china and India have the sincerity in resolving the issue, as long as we approach the issue on the

24、basis of equality, mutual benefits and mutual accommodation，new progress will be made in the negotiations.各位考生朋友不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，筆者劃線的部分都是重復(fù)的部分，例1和例2中，譯員重復(fù)了主語和謂語部分，例3重復(fù)了連接詞as long as。在整個記者招待會的口譯中，這樣的重復(fù)可以說是比比皆是，此外，還有主語，不定式，介詞詞組的重復(fù)等，這里不再一一列舉。這和我們上一次講到的“簡單句和斷句”技巧也是相通的。重復(fù)的好處就在于：1.增加思考的時間。筆者看到很多考生在口譯的時候結(jié)結(jié)巴巴，口譯中最忌諱的就

25、是停頓，這樣不僅會給考官留下不好的印象，而且也會讓自己失去信心，所以考生們不妨借鑒國家級譯員的這種做法，利用重復(fù)的時間來思考下面的譯文。2.讓語言保持連貫。口譯的時候，譯員往往不輕易變動原句的語序，因為改動語序會耗費更多的腦力。既然語序不輕易變動，那么譯文的連貫就是一個問題，這個時候，“重復(fù)”就是一個非常好的解決問題的辦法。3.讓語言表達更清楚易懂。設(shè)想我們在做筆譯的話，肯定不會有這么多的重復(fù)，過多的重復(fù)會讓人覺得啰嗦。而在口譯中，重復(fù)卻可以讓聽的人快速而又輕松的明白譯文，這是由口譯的特點決定的，因為口譯的時候，信息輸入的方式是耳朵。其實，這也給各位考生一個啟示，口譯考試的時候，關(guān)鍵不在于你用

26、多么出彩的句型，而在于你要讓考官聽清楚你要表達的意思?？谧g技巧之五：難詞猜測在口譯考試中碰到生詞可以說是必然的，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試中很多考生因為一兩個生詞而放棄了考試?？忌笥褌儗τ谏~一定要有正確的看法，口譯主要是翻譯意思，并不是十分注重細節(jié)，如果生詞是形容詞、副詞，不翻譯問題也不是太大，即使是關(guān)系句子意思的一些詞，我們也可以通過上下文進行推測，考生們要切忌聽到生詞就停頓下來思考，這個時候，仔細聽下面的內(nèi)容其實更重要。請看下面一例： Our high schools are HYPERLINK /app/w/obsoleteobsolete and out-of-dated. By “obsol

27、ete”, I dont just mean that they are broken, old-fashioned and under-funded. 這是中級口譯考試中的一句話，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)考試的時候，很多考生對obsolete這個詞比較陌生，其實這個詞的意思通過上下文就能猜出來，這句話中obsolete的近義詞有out-of-dated, broken, old-fashioned, 所以，obsolete這個詞就可以譯成“陳舊的”、“過時的”。 I am very happy to meet with so many scholars at this annual HYPERLINK /a

28、pp/w/astrobiologyastrobiology conference in the beautiful city of Boston, Massachusetts. 這句中的astrobiology是個難點，我們可以從構(gòu)詞法猜測出它的意思，astro-表示“外太空的”，biology 表示“生物學(xué)”，所以整個詞連起來，譯成“外太空生物學(xué)”或“天體生物學(xué)”，考生們猜出這個詞的意思并不困難。英文新年祝福：值得珍藏一整年的短信My wishes for you,我祝你：Great start for Jan,一月成功開好頭，Love for Feb,二月幸福滿枝頭，Peace for M

29、arch,三月平和不離手，No worries for April,四月萬事不煩憂，F(xiàn)un for May,五月歡樂時時有，Joy for June to Dec,剩下都是好時候，Have a lucky and wonderful new year.祝新的一年快樂美滿走大運。句型1.There be結(jié)構(gòu):m+E!xO1) There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.B!Urq2) There is more entertainment in a good book than is a month of ty

30、pical TV programming.fhp# qo83) Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever. pS4) There were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. r&i KB5) In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain. ?g%QByOE6) There are so many

31、 of thee paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without is being smashed by one. (teL 7) There is much that we can learn from him today.2rS EnC MD8) There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who

32、 take the other side will of course resent your actions. r1WAIK)c9) There is no sense(道理)in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people. uZ89k0 10) There is little sense in treating the child so severely. After all he is too young to know that he was doing wrong.rDN: a 611) There is no surgi

33、cal patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon. pk4+V!T/12) There were still situations in which I couldnt be certain my decision had been the right one.$L a8#=t13) Theres no right or wrong in the situation. Theres just luck.7Tcpmw614) Theres no way to

34、 prepare for the next timeno intelligent response to a gun. ) s+1 dp(15) There is no way to stop the process of aging. In fact, we can only delay it.UvOp16) There are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise (還有一些跡象表明)_9WHo17) There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and

35、flow(起伏波動)MOjZv5918) Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. xM*j1/y19) There can be on doubt that he is the right person for the job. mf &Z&20) There is no doubt that their support will make a difference in out cause .ahpk!21) There is no do

36、ubt that these measures will contribute to the solution of the problem.Ygc1Q?_622) There is no doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football.EFcfb23) Theres no substitute(替代物) for practical experience. X8u ijs,24) There is urgent need to debate this issue openlyg8$EDf25) There

37、 are tow ways in which one can own a book.,;:!A26) There have been some small fluctuation(波動) in the past year, but by and large prices have remained stable.|2.It 結(jié)構(gòu)J0cSV%ENr1) It is advisable to exercise(擁有) patience in dealing with such complicated situations. rd=K :2) It is advisable to place imp

38、ortant telephone numbers nest to the phone in case of an emergency. 2G,xfD# 3) It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter. wA8)ye4) It is essential that the increase in production should be geared to (適應(yīng)) the increase in pub

39、lic demand. 56OoEX15) It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other. PtH gDqV46) It is thoughtless of some parents to allow their children to watch whatever program is on television. vy 7) It is incredible(不可思議) that he ate the big cake just in tow bites. tJ9=Yh n

40、|o8) It was obvious to everyone that the marriage would sooner or later end in separation if not diverce.Pp/UP3(9) It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already.lm 3z+=10) It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more valuable than medicine.n#T5 =11) It is certain that with

41、determination and hard work you will succeed eventually.?CF TPa12) It was quite apparent that both sides were making a great effort to win the prize.kcJ&)13) It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education an extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rese high in life.

42、t H-D6xe14) It is easy to fall into bad habits but very difficult to break away form them.p0vs ki15) Its not easy to size up (估計) the situation right now. For we are not well informed on recent developments.(t? 16) It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does. V$H0cBONy17) It is no

43、t wise to change you money into U . S. currency.k479Cd_N18) It was not until about 1600B.C. when the chariot (馬拉戰(zhàn)車) was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. &*19) It is only recently that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works Y (

44、1t20) It was not until the century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the working of the mind. i4fG Q21) It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. n*Ii(22) It was in times of crisis that I finally found out what he was really like.JV ZNH23) I

45、t took the human race millions of years to attain that record. 7tE1QL24) It took a mere twenty-year flick(一瞬) of time to double the limit again. Kp.K25) It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth. lM #/26) If it takes less time to bring a new idea to the marketplace, it also takes less time for it to s

46、weep through the society.m 27) It will take the council a few weeks to judge the situation before it takes any further action.euIB97*328) It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.)a29) It is fairly well known that wild animals survive form year

47、 to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty.j OqRE30) It is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.$ STo&f31) It remains unknown whether there are intelligent beings outside the solar system. uT:t% 3

48、2) It has been pointed out that in 6000B. C. the fastest transportation available to man over ).#,V i33) It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more w* able to do. Y! Xs ddP34) It can be argued that such a response may not mean much (有人認為)XAx35) It is reported that the electron

49、ic industry is going on rapidly in recent year. T3ySH36) It is reported that there has been a decrease in the annual birth rate over the last two decades.HN5)%tK37) It is estimated that the total expenses in the trial manufacture of the new products will come to 30,000 yuan.)k9Wy38) Once it was thou

50、ght that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. :hS/GM39) It has been observed that unemployment brings enormous psychological troubles. 0UIgJw.40) Even so, it seemed to him that he was part of the whole event.Jrp Ji1)341) It seems to me that the Americans are a highly mobile people. Most

51、 of them like to travel whenever they get the chance. gwx-# !J42) It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her.V?r43) But it is only because it is my work to do so.edjHfN44) It is an encouraging sign that peoples purchasing power(購買力)is on the rise.AG7jvMdX45)

52、 It is common knowledge that chalk absorbs moisture (濕氣) from the air.I6,s 3446) It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time. V Iq2 SR47) It used to be a popular belief the we could foretell a persons future on the basis of the date and time of his birth. rF. ;Iq

53、LG48) It pays in the long run (從長遠的角度看) to introduce new technique Z*pB1=49) It is time for out symbols of technology to change to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself.=g/50) It has been only twenty-five years since television came to one of peoples pastimes. 1&Y:i+M;51) It may

54、well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individuals happiness and sense of personal achievement. Ew*Sh ABy6 2N 923.動名詞或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)G#_1) Improving your study habits will improve your grades. ; I

55、&i0M2) Teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.SQa*603) Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied.9P#._by4) Having little in common is a frequent cause of divorce. Etp5) Owing sets of books is useless unless you read t

56、hem. $l16) Drinking, eating, and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young persons health. 7) The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience. =a j=vZps4,|o54.遞進式結(jié)構(gòu) 1) Fresh vegetables are nutritious(有營養(yǎng)的); furthermore, they re cheaper than frozen one

57、s. U nRsckT8b2) We will not only bring joy into other peoples lives, but also added happiness into our own. =&wF:Bl3) But teaching offers something beside money and power; it offers love. Not only the love of learning and go books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for his students. 4

58、) Not only should you limber up (做準備活動) before exercising, but you must also be sure to cool down afterwards. 5) They do not seem to like one anther very much. Neither are they too keen on conventional people (正統(tǒng)的人)|BVo(l5!EqMF5.主語從句結(jié)構(gòu) pxwF aI1) What makes it rather disturbing (令人煩惱) was the arbitra

59、ry circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.gJ2h MT2) But what was most shocking at the time was the thins my release from the charge so clearly depended on .U46-kJoE3) What I remember then is not her failure, but her courage, the courage to go ahead.6.過渡句d hh hzZNW1) This is

60、not necessarily the case, however.V(8!yvE2w2) We want to keep up with the times._HiS%73) Good intentions alone are not enough.a7 2ClPI%4) It was indeed the case.Kl53Tx 5) But modern research has found that this is not so. %4WH 6) But it is now thought that this in not so. / EZO7) What does this mean