動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組辨析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組辨析上海市風(fēng)華初級(jí)中學(xué) 沈 潔第一部分 知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理動(dòng)詞辨析borrow; lend; keepborrow借入（不能與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用）常用于borrow sth. from sb.I borrowed a pen from Mary yesterday.lend借出（不能與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用）常用于lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb.Would you lend your MP4 to me?keep保存，保留（引申為“借用”

2、）能和表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及how long等連用How long may I keep this dictionary?cost; pay; spend; take(形式)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)人spendTime or moneyon sth./ (in) doing sth.物或事costmoney事taketime or money人paymoneyJane _ much money on pets.This TV set _ me much money.It _ me ten minutes to go to the post office.Well _ you in a few days

3、.carry; fetch; take; bringbring某人從某地帶來某物carry某人保持拿某物的狀態(tài)fetch某人往返一趟取得某物take某人將某物從某地拿走She _ her baby in her arms._ the rubbish away.Remember to _ me an umbrella.Go and _ the dictionary.invent; discover; createinvent通過想象或?qū)嶒?yàn)創(chuàng)造出以前不存在的東西Bell invented the telephone in 1876.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)早已存在，只是一直未被人發(fā)現(xiàn)或知道的東西She

4、 discovered the dog under the dog.create通過想象創(chuàng)造出新的人物形象或戲劇角色He created many famous characters.memorize; rememberremember指一件事或印象是在記憶中，多想想可以想得出Hellen could not remember when she had been so happy.memorize有意識(shí)地去“默記”或“熟記”以留下印象My English teacher asked us to memorize these new words.raise; riseraise舉起，提起，增加（

5、及物動(dòng)詞）Tom raised his arms above his head.rise人或物從低處向高處上升，數(shù)量增加（不及物動(dòng)詞）Look, the sun is rising.look at; see; watchwatch觀看某個(gè)正在或?qū)⒁l(fā)生、移動(dòng)或變化的事物或事件等He is watching TV.see看見某物（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）It was so dark he could hardly see.look at用視線投注在某物上（強(qiáng)調(diào)行為）Students are looking at the teacher.steal; robsteal暗中偷竊別人錢財(cái)（常用steal sth.

6、from sb.）My bike has been stolen.rob用暴力搶劫別人財(cái)物(常用rob sb. of sth.)She was robbed of her ring.say; speak; tell; talksay說（著重于所說的話。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等或that/ wh-從句作賓語(yǔ)）His passport says he is 29.speak說（著重開口發(fā)出的聲音。多作不及物動(dòng)詞，如作及物動(dòng)詞，后接languages）I was so surprised that I could not speak.tell告訴，講給別人聽Tell you the

7、 truth.talk多作連續(xù)性的說話和交談They are talking business.damage; hurtdamage常指車輛、房屋、莊稼等無生命物體受損或毀壞而失掉其價(jià)值、用途或外表His car was damaged in an accident.hurt指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上的傷害He hurt his back when he fell.accept; receiveaccept接受（表示接受者經(jīng)過考慮，愿意接受）I accepted the invitation.receive收到（強(qiáng)調(diào)行為本身，不涉及收受者是否接受）I received an invitati

8、on.Yesterday I _ a letter _ Mary.I did _ his invitation but I didnt _ it.arrive; get; reacharrive到達(dá)（不及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟地點(diǎn)時(shí)，必須加介詞in或at）I arrived at No.2 bus stop.get到達(dá)（后接名詞要加to; 表示到家用get home）When did you get home yesterday evening?reach到達(dá)（及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟表地點(diǎn)的名詞）They reached Los Angeles on Saturday.動(dòng)詞詞組辨析join; take

9、part in; attendjoin加入組織Tom joined the army when he was 18.take part in參加活動(dòng)He always takes part in outdoor activities.attend出席He attended a meeting.be made of; be made up ofbe made of由制成（在成品中可看見原料）The table is made of wood.be made up of由組成（指各個(gè)部分組成整體）The bridge model is made up of many pieces of paper

10、.be used to; used tobe used to(現(xiàn)在)習(xí)慣（be used to sth./ doing sth.）Im used to working with him now.used to過去常常做某事（used to do）My father used to smoke.happen; take placehappen（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為”事”）發(fā)生happen to sb.；（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為”人”）碰巧happen to doWhen did the earthquake happen?He happened to know the place.take place發(fā)生（指事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)

11、想到）；舉行某種活動(dòng)The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.7. look for; find out; findlook for尋找（強(qiáng)調(diào)行動(dòng)）Kitty is looking for her dog.find找到（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）I cant find my car key.find out查明（具體事因，真相等）He wanted to find out what the problem was.其他(1)looklook after照看，照料look at看look forward to doing sth.期待著look like看上去像look

12、 out 注意 留神look up查尋，抬頭看putput off延期put on穿，戴上，上演put out撲滅put up 舉起，掛起taketake a look看一看take a message for sb.給某人捎個(gè)口信take up開始從事take away拿走take ones advice聽從某人勸告take charge of負(fù)責(zé)，管理take hold of抓住take notes記筆記take off脫掉（衣服）起飛take care of照料take out取出take an underground (train)乘地鐵turnturn up/down(把音量等)調(diào)高

13、、調(diào)低turn on/off開、關(guān)掉（電燈、電視、收音機(jī)等）turn out結(jié)果是，證明是turn over翻（車、頁(yè)），翻身turn into變成getget along/on (with)進(jìn)展，與-相處get back返回get up起床get on /off上、下車get ready for為-準(zhǔn)備get rid of擺脫get tired of對(duì)-感到厭倦get to到達(dá)get into the habit of養(yǎng)成-的習(xí)慣makemake a decision作出決定make a film拍電影make a fire生火make a living謀生make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤

14、 make a noise弄出聲make friends with與-交朋友make fun of拿-開玩笑make money賺錢make progress取得進(jìn)步make the bed整理床鋪make up ones mind下決心gogo ahead向前走，去吧go for a swim去游泳go shopping去購(gòu)物go home回家go on繼續(xù)go on a diet實(shí)行節(jié)食go on a picnic去野餐go on with/ doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事go out熄滅go over復(fù)習(xí)go sightseeing去觀光go wrong 出錯(cuò)go to bed就寢go

15、to college上大學(xué)go to school上學(xué)go to sleep入睡go to the cinema/movie(s)看電影go to (the) hospital去醫(yī)院（看?。﹌eepkeep a diary記日記keep fit保持健康keep-from使-免于keep in touch(with)保持聯(lián)系keep off阻擋，不讓-接近keep quiet保持安靜keep sb. busy讓某人忙不停keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事四、其他（2）1.forask for請(qǐng)求care for照顧、喜歡 get ready for準(zhǔn)備leave for動(dòng)身去look fo

16、r尋找pay for付錢prepare for準(zhǔn)備search for搜查 wait for等待2. awayrun away逃跑 throw away扔掉take away拿走3.ofthink of想起get rid of擺脫get tired of對(duì)-感到厭倦hear of聽說run out of用完、耗盡take hold of抓住take charge of負(fù)責(zé)、管理die of因病而死dream of夢(mèng)想4.fromhear from收信learn from從-學(xué)到keep from阻止，使-免于protect from保護(hù)免受prevent from妨礙、阻止某人做某事stop

17、from阻止-做tell from區(qū)分、辨別come from來自offget off下車keep off阻擋，不讓-接近put off延期see- off送行show off炫耀withcommunicate with與-交流deal with處理be connected to/ with與-連接keep in touch with與-保持聯(lián)系make friends with與-交朋友play with與-一起玩share with分享talk with/ to sb.與-談話ondepend on依賴、依靠come on快，跟我來get on上車go on繼續(xù)hold on等一等（別掛電

18、話）live on靠-生play a trick on作弄put on穿，戴上，上演rely on依靠try on試穿turn on打開updress up穿著打扮look up查尋，抬頭看wake up醒來，叫醒grow up成長(zhǎng)put up舉起、掛起take up開始從事pick up拾起shup up住口stay up熬夜outpick out挑選出point out指出put out撲滅sell out售完take out取出turn out結(jié)果是、證明是work out做出、算出find out查明真相go out熄滅look out注意、留神第二部分 練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)Choose th

19、e best answer( )1.Frank is the kind of person whom people like to make _.A friend withB friends ofC friendsD friends with( )2. How long have they _ the computer?A boughtB hadC borrowedD sold( )3.Its raining heavily outside. Remember to _ the raincoat to him when you go there.A bringB takeC carryD bu

20、y( )4.The little boy can _ the top of the shelf.A get toB arrive atC reachD receive( )5.She _ these dogs at home when the Smiths are abroad.A looks upB looks forC looks afterD looks in( )6.We can _ water into ice or steam.A turn toB turn C turn offD turn on( )7. The plane _ here for ten minutes alre

21、ady.A has comeB has beenC has been toD has stopped( )8. Though the child is very young, he can already _ the time.A talkB sayC readD tell( )9.Its unnecessary for us to _ so much money on these useless books.A costB spendC takeD pay( )10. Have you _ who took away my key?A foundB found outC looked for

22、D got( )11.He _ living in the countryside to the city.A likesB prefersC enjoysD loves( )12. The earth is our home. We must _ the land, air and water clean.A changeB shareC noticeD keep( )13.Many girls enjoy _ skirts in spring.A wearingB dressingC putting onD having( )14.-May I _ your dictionary? - O

23、f course. But you mustnt _ it to others.A borrow, lendB borrow, borrowC lend, borrowD lend, lend拓展練習(xí)( )1. Judy likes Chinese painting and she _ the hobby group at school.A has taken part in B has joinedC has attendedD has come into( )2. He could _neither French nor German, so I _ with him in English

24、.A speak, talkedB talk, toldC say, spokeD tell, talked( )3. I dont know Sams telephone number. Will you please _ in your address book for me?A look up itB look it upC look for itD look at it( )4.We are very sad and angry to hear that the bad milk powder _ the death of over 30 babies.A madeB didC brought D caused( )5. The VIPs(Very Important Persons) from 21 countries will _ the APEC in Shanghai this autumn.A holdB take part inC joinD attend(