外貿(mào)英語詞匯(廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué))

1、授 課 教 案系（部）: 外語系 姓 名: _侯雁慧_ 課程名稱: 外貿(mào)實務(wù)英語 遼寧對外經(jīng)貿(mào)學(xué)院本文檔由實惠網(wǎng)外貿(mào)論壇（ HYPERLINK ）提供，歡迎加入本論壇討論外貿(mào)。在這里著重推薦一個免費的外貿(mào)平臺給大家。 HYPERLINK ，一個很不錯的免費的外貿(mào)平臺。 本資料最終解釋權(quán)實惠網(wǎng)外貿(mào)論壇。謝謝欣賞！遼寧對外經(jīng)貿(mào)學(xué)院教案 課程名稱外貿(mào)實務(wù)英語授課專業(yè)外語系年級班級2007級1-4班課程編號Z0104520課程類型必修課公共基礎(chǔ)課（ ）；專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課（）；專業(yè)課（）選修課限選課（ ）；任選課（ ）授課方式課堂講授（）；實踐課（）考核方式考試（ ）；考查（）課程教學(xué)總學(xué)時數(shù)64學(xué) 分 數(shù)4

2、學(xué)時分配課堂講授 32 學(xué)時； 實踐課 32 學(xué)時教材名稱外貿(mào)英語實務(wù)作 者侯雁慧出版社及出版時間大連理工大學(xué)出版社 2008年使用參考書國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)國際貿(mào)易英語教程（上、下冊）外貿(mào)英語實務(wù)國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)與案例商務(wù)英語情景會話模板商務(wù)貿(mào)易行話連篇International BusinessInternational Trade作 者王沅沅許葵花曹菱張亞芬浩瀚厲秀仁Donald Ball. Brenton Paul.出版社及出版時間高等教育出版社2004西安交通大學(xué)出版社2004外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 2000高等教育出版社2002國防工業(yè)出版社2007大連理工大學(xué)出版社2002McGraw-Hil

3、l.2004Oxford University Press.1991授課教師侯雁慧職 稱講師單 位外語系授課學(xué)期2008-2009 （二）； 2009-2010（一）Unit One International TradeTeaching Objectives To let the students know such general knowledge as the relevant concept, reasons and benefits of international trade.To master such useful words and expressions as tarif

4、f, invisible trade and quota.Warming Up Do you buy something or sell something in your daily life?What problems will you meet when you buy something? Lead-inIf we Chinese buy something within China, we call this kind of trade domestic trade. But if we Chinese buy something from foreign countries, th

5、en it is called international trade. Of course, international trade differs from domestic trade. And special problems may arise in international trade. In order to do business successfully, we should have a general view of international trade including the reasons, benefits, basic concept and releva

6、nt regulations. Now, lets first look at what international trade is. After reading Part II, try to answer the following questions:1. How would you define international trade? 2. What are the reasons for international trade? Can you list some of them?3. What is economies of scale? Why does it influen

7、ce international trade? 4. How do countries benefit from the international trade?5. What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade? Give a few examples of invisible trade. 6. What do you think of the trade of balance?7. What do trade barriers mean? List some example of trade barr

8、iers in international trade. 8. How is international trade regulated now?Contents of Part II International Tradei. Definition of international tradeInternational trade= the exchange of goods and services between countries.world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade. ii. Reasons for international tr

9、ade* Uneven distribution of natural resources* Specialization* Patterns of demand * Economies of scale (the cost advantages of large-scale production)* Innovation or variety of styleiii. Benefits in international trade*Cheaper goods or services*Greater variety*Wider markets*Economic growthiv. Specia

10、l problems in international tradeBusiness might have to be done in foreign languages and under foreign laws, customs and regulations. Information of a foreign firm may be difficult to obtain. Foreign currency transactions will be necessary and exchange rate may be different greatly. Numerous cultura

11、l differences may have to be taken into account when dealing with other nations. Risk level may be higher in foreign markets. The risks include political risk, commercial risks, financial risks and transportation risks. It is more difficult to observe and monitor trends and activities in foreign cou

12、ntries.v. Concept in international trade*Visible and invisible tradeVisible trade: exports and imports of goods, Invisible trade: an exchange of services or assets between countries, for example, transportation service across national borders, insurance and tourism. *Balance of tradeBalance of trade

13、: a statement of a countrys trade in goods and services; the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. Trade surplus and positive trade balance: a countrys exports exceed its imports.Trade deficit and negati

14、ve trade balance: imports exceed exports.*Trade restrictionsThe restriction measures taken by governments are also barriers to trade which can be divided into tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.(1) Tariff barriersTariff: a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area

15、 which usually coincides with the area of a country. Kinds of tariff: According to the purpose:revenue tariff: collected mainly for income purpose, protection tariff: collected in order to protect the domestic market. According to the flow of goods:import duties: levied on goods entering a countryex

16、port duties: levied on goods leaving a country The former is more common than the latter as most nations want to expand export and increase their foreign exchange earnings. Import surtax: additional to import duty, and it is temporary in coping with international payment difficulties, maintaining ba

17、lance of trade and preventing dumping, and is discriminatory against a particular country, e.g.: countervailing duty and anti-dumping duty.According to the methods in which tariffs are collected:Specific duty is collected per physical quantity. Ad valorem duty is collected according to value, i.e.,

18、at the percentage of the price. Mixed or compound duty is collected according to whether specific duty or ad valorem duty first, then the other. An alternative duty is collected whichever the higher between specific duty and ad valorem duty.(2) Non-tariff barriersQuota: limits the imports or exports

19、 of a commodity during a given period of time; may be in quantity or value terms, and may be on a country basis or a global basis. Import license: a permit for import, which can be independent or combined with quotas.Foreign exchange control: intends to control imports by limiting the access to fore

20、ign money that is needed for imports.technical barriersState monopoly of imports and exports,government procurement policy vi. Regulations of international tradeWTO at the global level;Regional arrangements like MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA between the United States, Canada and Mexico, and FTAA

21、Suggested answer to the Questions:1. International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. It is also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade.2. Uneven distribution of natural resources, specialization, patterns of demand, economies of scale, innovation or variet

22、y of style3. (Open). Economies of scale is the cost advantages of large-scale production. A country may specialize completely in the production of one product in order to achieve economies of scale and then import other products.4. Countries can get cheaper and greater variety goods or services for

23、consumers. International trade can expand markets and promotes economic growth.5. Visible trade refers to exports and imports of goods, while invisible trade refers to an exchange of services or assets between countries. Transportation service across national borders, insurance to international good

24、s and tourism are all examples of invisible trade. 6. The balance of trade is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports.7. Trade barriers mean the restriction measures taken by governments. Tariff, quotas

25、, import license and foreign exchange control are all examples of trade barriers.8. The international trade is regulated by WTO at the global level and several other regional arrangements like MERCOSUR.Notes for Part Two Readingtrade n. the business of buying and selling goods for moneyfree trade自由貿(mào)

26、易; barter trade易貨貿(mào)易; bilateral trade雙邊貿(mào)易v. buy and selltrading company貿(mào)易公司They trade mainly in textile products.absolute advantage: by Adam Smiths in The Wealth of Nations (1776).world market 國外市場類似說法有：overseas market, external market, foreign market試比較國內(nèi)市場：home market, domestic market, internal mar

27、ketcountervailing duty: collected against bounty or grant during production, transport and export, etc.anti-dumping duty: collected when importing country believes that there is a dumping (a not universally defined concept that can mean the selling price in a foreign country is below domestic sellin

28、g price, world market price or production cost). HYPERLINK http:/en.wikip/wiki/GATT o GATTGATT: 全稱為General Agreement On Tariffs and Trade，關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定。它是美、英、法、中等23個國家于1947年10月30日在瑞士日內(nèi)瓦簽訂并于1948年1月1日正式生效的，調(diào)整締約方對外貿(mào)易政策和國際貿(mào)易關(guān)系方面的相互權(quán)利、義務(wù)的一項多邊國際協(xié)定。GATT已不存在，取而代之的是WTO。WTO: 全稱為World Trade Organization，世界貿(mào)易組織，是一個獨

29、立于 HYPERLINK http:/ t _blank 聯(lián)合國的永久性 HYPERLINK http:/ t _blank 國際組織。1995年1月1日正式開始運作，負責(zé)管理世界經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易秩序，總部設(shè)在 HYPERLINK http:/ t _blank 瑞士 HYPERLINK http:/ t _blank 日內(nèi)瓦萊蒙湖畔。1996年1月1日，它正式取代關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定臨時機構(gòu)。世界貿(mào)易組織是具有 HYPERLINK http:/ t _blank 法人地位的國際組織，在調(diào)解成員爭端方面具有更高的權(quán)威性。與關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定相比，世界貿(mào)易組織涵蓋貨物貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易以及 HYPERLINK http:/

30、 t _blank 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易，而關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定只適用于商品貨物貿(mào)易。MERCOSUR: 南方共同市場，是拉美地區(qū)舉足輕重的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟合作組織，由巴西、阿根廷、烏拉圭和巴拉圭等4個成員國以及智利和玻利維亞兩個聯(lián)系國組成，共有2.2億人口，年產(chǎn)值超過1萬億美元，貿(mào)易額達2000億美元。其建立于1991年，于1995年1月1日正式運行，其成員國間絕大部分商品實行無關(guān)稅自由貿(mào)易，共同對外關(guān)稅則為23%。NAFTA:全稱是 North American Free Trade Area，北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。1994年1月1日，由美國、加拿大、墨西哥3國共同簽署的北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定正式生效，北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)宣告誕生

31、。北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)是世界上第一個由發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家聯(lián)合組成的貿(mào)易集團，成員國之間經(jīng)濟上既有較大互補性和相互依存性，又有明顯的不對稱性，對北美、拉美，以致對冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后新的世界經(jīng)濟格局的形成，產(chǎn)生了重大而深遠的影響。FTAA: 全稱為Free Trade Area of the Americas，美洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。其設(shè)想是在1994年美國邁阿密西半球首腦會議上提出的，目的是于2005年初在西半球建立一個世界上面積最大、年GDP總值達14萬億美元、擁有8億人口的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。建成后的美洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)包括34個美洲國家，涵蓋8億多人口，與歐盟和亞太經(jīng)合組織一道構(gòu)成全球貿(mào)易和投資基本格局。regulatio

32、ns of international trade: 除課文介紹的條約外，國際貿(mào)易慣例、國內(nèi)法也是調(diào)整國際貿(mào)易關(guān)系的規(guī)章。Words studyDirections: Translate the following English expressions in Part II into Chinese: international tradeworld tradeforeign tradeoverseas tradeeconomies of scaleeconomic growthforeign currency/exchangeexchange rateforeign/overseas/ex

33、ternal/world marketvisible tradeinvisible tradebalance of tradetrade surplus/positive balance of tradetrade deficit/negative balance of tradetrade barriernon-tariff barrierrevenue tariffprotection tariffquotafree trade國際貿(mào)易 世界貿(mào)易 對外貿(mào)易 海外貿(mào)易 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟 經(jīng)濟增長 外匯 匯率 國外市場 有形貿(mào)易 無形貿(mào)易 貿(mào)易差額 貿(mào)易順差 貿(mào)易逆差 貿(mào)易壁壘 非關(guān)稅壁壘 財政關(guān)稅

34、保護關(guān)稅 配額 自由貿(mào)易Discussion: Directions: close the textbook and try to remember the contents in Part II, then discuss whether the following instatements are true or false with your partner.International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.Countries trade with each other partly because the

35、re is a cost advantage.Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers.International trade can greatly expend the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.

36、Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.Trade surplus means that a countrys imports exceed its exports.Tariff and quotas are the examples o

37、f trade barriers.10. Countries can do business freely without regulations in international trade. (Answer: 1F 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T 8F 9T 10F)Unit Two Trade FormsTeaching ObjectivesTo let students know different trade forms in international trade including agency, distribution and so on.To let students

38、master the specialized words and expressions.Warming UpBesides paying money to buy something, by what other ways can you do business with others?Lead-inBesides direct negotiations between buyers and sellers, international trade is also handled by some indirect means such as agency, distribution, cou

39、ntertrade, consignment and bidding. Different trade terms are applicable to different situations. Today we will look them one by one. After reading Part II, try to answer the following questions:What do trade forms refer to? List some examples of trade forms.What can agents be divided into according

40、 to the scope of their rights?What are the differences between agency and distribution?What is the basic characteristic of countertrade? What are the common reasons for countertrade?Explain compensation trade.What are the differences between compensation trade and counterpurchase?What are the differ

41、ences between exportation and consignment?How is the price decided in bidding?Contents of Part II Trade Formsi. Definition and types of trade formsDefinition: the common practices and channels between countries for the flow of goods or services.Types: direct trade forms: importation and exportationi

42、ndirect trade forms: agency, distribution, countertrade, consignment and bidding ii. AgencyDefinition of agent: a middleman who can act on behalf of a principal in specific matters., for example, forwarding agents, clearing agents and selling agents.Selling agentCharacteristics: An agent can only op

43、erate within the marketing area authorized by the principal. It does not need to carry stock. The principal sets the retail price, retains title and controls the goodsThe profits and risks of losses remain with the principal unless the agent is a del credere one. Generally speaking, agents are usual

44、ly paid by commission.Types: (According to the scope of their rights)Indenting agent: the agent (exclusive or non-exclusive) appointed by a principal for marketing and promoting the products to potential customers within an area. Factor is appointed with the power to negotiate and conclude contracts

45、 in the area on behalf of his principal. A del credere agent is the agent who takes responsibility for credit risks, that is, if the buyer he introduces fails to pay the principal or breaks the contract, it is his responsibility to cover the loss. iii. DistributionDistributors: buy from the principa

46、ls on their own account and take title to them and resell them to their customers in their area. Characteristics: There is no contractual relationship between the principal and the customers. Instead there are separate sets of contracts: those between the principal and the distributor, and those bet

47、ween the distributor and the customers. The distributor makes profits from the differences between the prices at which he buys the products and the prices at which he sells them to the customers.The distributor bears much more risks and obligations than an agent does: bad debts, advertising expenses

48、, maintenance, etc. The distributors generally enjoy more freedom and higher returns. Types: sole or exclusive distributor and non-exclusive distributor. iv. CountertradeDefinition: an umbrella term that includes all forms of the exchange of goods for goods. It means that “if I buy from you, you mus

49、t buy from me.” Reasons for countertrade: 1. to create new export markets or promote export products. 2. to acquire new technology or attract foreign investment. 3. to balance trade for economic or political reasons.*Compensation tradeA special trade arrangement including two transactions between tw

50、o parties. One party agrees to supply technology or equipment that enables the other party to produce goods mainly by which the price of the supplied technology or equipment is repaid. (1) Full compensationFigure2.1: Full CompensationNotes:1. The goods exported are “paid for” by a countersupply of g

51、oods. 2. The value of the countertrade goods should be equal to that of the export goods.3. The exporter does not want to risk by dispatching his goods to the buyer just against a promise by the buyer to provide countertrade goods at some time in the future. 4. Full compensation transactions are alw

52、ays included in one single contract. (2) Partial compensationFigure 2.2: Partial CompensationNotes: The same basic principles of full compensation are applied to partial compensation, with an exception that part of the export is paid by cash. *CounterpurchaseFigure 2.3: CounterpurchaseNotes:1. In si

53、gning a counterpurchase contract, the exporter is required to undertake the purchase of goods from the importers side. 2. This undertaking is discharged separately. 3. The value of countertrade goods does not have to equal that of the export. Its demand is often expressed as a percentage of the expo

54、rt contract. 4. Separate contracts are singed for each side of the transaction. Each side of the transaction is settled separately in foreign exchange. 5. The timing for discharge of each transaction could differ within the agreed time limit. 6. It is also called parallel trade. *Switch tradeFigure

55、2.4: Switch TradeNotes:Switch trade involves at least three parties. It is closely linked with the bilateral clearing agreements, a kind of basis for barter transactions between governments.The clearing arrangements establish two-way flows of goods of agreed types between two countries. “Clearing un

56、its” rather than foreign exchanges are used in the accounting of this kind of trade. In this way, the two countries can exchange their products without using their limited reserve of foreign exchanges. An overall limit is placed on the value of trade in a period. As it is quite difficult to exchange

57、 goods of exactly same value, at the end of the period covered by the agreement, one country will be a creditor and the other will be debtor. Generally, a limit is placed on the imbalance on accounts. Each limit is often referred to as “the swing”. If trade ceases because the swing is reached, the c

58、ountries may look for other ways to balance the books. One such way to balance the books would be through a mechanism called “switch”, i.e., “selling” the imbalance to a third party for hard currency. This is the role of a switch dealer. 3. The switch dealer will buy the imbalance “clearing units” a

59、t a discount. 4. These clearing units are available only for the purchase of goods from the debtor country. 5. Then he will arrange for the resale of these goods in a third country, where payment will be made in hard currency. *OffsetNotes:1. The seller has to undertake some sort of activity favorab

60、le to the importer in addition to the supply of the capital goods. 2. To lessen the heavy foreign exchange expenses involved in purchases of this kind of goods, the buyer usually insists that offset be applied. v. ConsignmentNotes:1. The consignor sends the goods to a foreign consignee who will sell