翻譯的基本技巧-分句法與合句法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)英漢翻譯基本技巧分句與合句Basic Translation Skills: Division & CombinationWhat is division and combination?分句法 是指把原文的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)上的句子。合句法 把原文兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句或一個(gè)復(fù)合句在譯文中用一個(gè)單句來(lái)表達(dá)。Types of division一、單詞分譯二、短語(yǔ)分譯三、句子分譯分譯之一：?jiǎn)卧~分譯單詞分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)單詞分譯成一個(gè)句子。原因：句法上的需要，由于

2、有的詞在搭配及詞義等方面的特點(diǎn)，直譯會(huì)使句子生硬晦澀，而把單詞分譯出來(lái)能使句子通順。另外，有的時(shí)候?yàn)榱思訌?qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，突出重點(diǎn)，也會(huì)使用單詞分譯。英語(yǔ)中名詞、形容詞以及副詞、動(dòng)詞都可以分譯。A. 分譯副詞 1）Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她滿以為會(huì)有某種奇跡般的解決辦法，這顯然不合情理。2) They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他們沒(méi)有回答，這完全是意料之中的事。The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their achi

3、evements in aviation industry. 中國(guó)似乎為他們?cè)诤教焓聵I(yè)上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。B. 分譯形容詞1）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地區(qū)是個(gè)麻煩的地方，這是大家最容易看得出來(lái)的。2) The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible-about one in four. 大約有四分之一的美國(guó)青年人沒(méi)有閱讀能力，這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。3) Films, gramophon

4、e records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information. 電影、唱片和錄音磁帶給他們提供大量資料，這樣使他們感到不知所措。C. 分譯名詞1) He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他搖了搖頭，兩目睜得圓圓的，接著又瞇成一條線，臉上露出了憤怒的神色。2）As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret t

5、raining base for a revolutionary new place, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity 作為居住的地方，這里有許多不足之處。但作為完全新型飛機(jī)的秘密訓(xùn)練基地卻是非常理想的。它地處邊陲，人們不易了解其中的活動(dòng)3) Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western people: its expanse, its cultural diversity,

6、 the length of its history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.中國(guó)歷史上的許多輝煌成就令許多西方人心馳神往：其內(nèi)容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其歷史悠長(zhǎng)久遠(yuǎn)，她在數(shù)千年之前在制作眾多極品中所使用的精湛技藝至今還令專家們驚嘆不已。分譯之二：短語(yǔ)分譯A. 分譯分詞短語(yǔ)把原文中的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。1) They were at home in the ho

7、me of the people, moving confidently without fear. 他們?cè)谌罕娂依锔械胶茏栽冢袆?dòng)時(shí)心里踏實(shí)，無(wú)憂無(wú)慮。2) He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power. 被剝奪了權(quán)利之后，他只好辭職，流落他鄉(xiāng)。B. 分譯名詞短語(yǔ)(1) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認(rèn)的定律。(2)

8、 The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.（政府）禁止軍方“擊毀”這艘潛艇，雖然要擊毀該艇并怎么費(fèi)事。C. 分譯介詞短語(yǔ)1) It was at a banquet in London in honour of one of the two or three conspicuously (顯眼地) illustrious（杰出的） English military names of this generation.事情發(fā)生在倫敦的一次宴會(huì)上。這次宴會(huì)是為當(dāng)代英國(guó)聲名顯赫的兩三位軍官將領(lǐng)之一舉行的。

9、2) In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yanan.1946年8月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路過(guò)中國(guó)；由于我丈夫已經(jīng)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中犧牲了，當(dāng)時(shí)我并不急于回去，就到了延安。分譯之三：句子分譯1. 簡(jiǎn)單句的分譯2. 并列句的分譯3. 復(fù)合句的分譯1. 簡(jiǎn)單句的分譯(1) Increased cooperation with China is in the in

10、terests of the United States.同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作，符合美國(guó)的利益。 （在主謂連接處拆譯）(2) His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.他疲憊不堪，天氣也越來(lái)越熱。他于是下決心，一碰到舒適的陰涼處，就坐下休息。2. 并列復(fù)合句拆譯并列英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句常常在分句連接處加以切分，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。例如：The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted

11、in the racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large numbers.譯文：在種族意識(shí)十分強(qiáng)烈的19 世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，招募中國(guó)勞工的做法并非普遍為人們所接受。由于工地上出現(xiàn)大批中國(guó)勞工，某些白人工人感到心緒不安。 （在連詞and 處切分）3. 主從復(fù)合句的分譯英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句漢譯時(shí)常在分句連接處加以切分，分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalit

12、y for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.譯文：我要感謝你們無(wú)與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞名世界的。 （在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯） 二、合句法（一）把原文中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple sentence）譯成一個(gè)單句。(1) Syme had vanished. A morning came. And he was missing from work. 賽母失蹤了。第二天早晨也不見(jiàn)他來(lái)工作。(2) He was very clean. His mind was open. 他為

13、人單純而坦率。(3) The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 這個(gè)年輕人真慘，已落到身無(wú)分文的地步，因?yàn)樗娜糠e蓄都被偷了。（二）把原文中的并列復(fù)合句（Compound sentence）譯成一個(gè)單句。 1）From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea. 譯文：阿諾河從佛羅倫薩流經(jīng)比薩入海。 2）The time was 10:30, and

14、traffic on the street was light。 譯文：十點(diǎn)三十分的時(shí)候，街上來(lái)往的車(chē)輛稀少了。（三）把原文中的主從復(fù)合句（Complex sentence）譯成一個(gè)單句。 (1) When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我們對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國(guó)人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌。（2）When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在談判時(shí)總是有些緊張。緊張時(shí)我就吃點(diǎn)東西。Exerc

15、ises 1) He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors. 他訪問(wèn)了許多地方，到處受到熱烈的歡迎。他的艱苦努力是經(jīng)常受到熱烈歡迎的。（此句原文中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，將這樣一個(gè)英文長(zhǎng)句翻譯成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，意思更清楚。）2) They try to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈來(lái)愈猛，遍及全國(guó)。