2023版高三英語主題語境復習方案新教案：第2部分 主題群4 子主題2　科技發(fā)展與信息技術創(chuàng)新科學精神信息安全

1、 子主題(二)科技發(fā)展與信息技術創(chuàng)新，科學精神，信息安全閱讀理解A(2020全國卷B)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，fo

2、und children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(認知) after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said. The researchers analyzed video rec

3、ordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assesse

4、d their ability to rotate(旋轉) and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more

5、 frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published

6、in the journal Developmental Science.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了接觸智力游戲有助于孩子發(fā)展與數學相關的技能，特別是孩子的空間技能。1In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning selfcontrol.DGaining hightech knowledge.B細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine.found children who play

7、with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.” 以及第三段內容可知，孩子們通過玩智力游戲可以培養(yǎng)空間技能。故選B。2What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?AParents age.BChildrens imagination.CParents education.DChildparent relationship.C細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段最后一句“Puzzle play was found to b

8、e a significant predictor of cognition (認知) after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.”可知，Levine 在設計實驗時，考慮到了父母的收入、教育程度以及與孩子說話的多少。故選C。3How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.BThey tend to talk less

9、during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with tougher puzzles.D細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段最后一句“However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls.”可知，男孩較女孩而言，傾向于玩更復雜的智力游戲。故選D。4What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman

10、psychologist.DA teaching program.B主旨大意題。閱讀全文內容，尤其是最后一段“The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.”可知，該篇文章主要介紹的是一項科學研究。故選B。B(2020天津7月卷C)For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise.In the past，sound engineers worked in the back

11、 rooms of recording studios，but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon.Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries

12、 to escape.And the officer cant let him get away.He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground.This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD，遠程定向聲波發(fā)射器)It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a pers

13、on.The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person，but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet，sound can now create silence.Lets say you are at the airport，and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming (哼唱) a short

14、commercial song.He hums it over and over again，and you are about to go crazy.Thanks to the Silence Machine，a British invention，you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.One may wonder how the Silence Machine works.Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming s

15、ound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.The two sets of waves cancel each other out.Simply turn the machine on，point it at the target，and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights (聚光燈) are used in t

16、he theater.A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly，a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with th

17、e various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了聲音技術領域的三項發(fā)明。5What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?AIt causes t

18、emporary hearing loss.BIt slows down a running man.CIt makes it easy to identify a suspect.DIt keeps the suspect from hurting others.A細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.”可知，遠程定向聲波發(fā)射器會發(fā)出一種震耳欲聾的聲音，這種聲音讓人非常痛苦，會使人暫時殘疾。由此可知，這種暫時殘疾就是暫時性失聰，所以選擇A項。6T

19、he Silence Machine is a device specially designed to _Asilence the people around youBremove the sound of commercialsCblock the incoming sound wavesDstop unwanted sound from affecting youD細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoin

20、g waves.and your peace and quiet comes back.”可知，Silence Machine能避免不必要的聲音影響你，所以選擇D項。7What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?AThey travel in circles.BThey clear the atmosphere.CThey can be transformed into energy.DThey can be directed onto a specific area.D細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“A spotlight lights up

21、only one section of a stage；similarly，a spotsound creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可知，spotsound和spotlight的共同點是它們可以被引導到一個特定的區(qū)域，所以選擇D項。8Directed sound can be used for _Acreative designs of restaurant menusBideal sound effects on the theater stageCdifferent choices of music for businesse

22、sDstrict control over any suspicious customerC細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“This can be useful for businesses.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.”可知，Directed sound可以用于公司為顧客提供不同的音樂，所以選擇C項

23、。9What does the passage focus on?AHow professionals invented sound products.BInventions in the field of sound technology.CThe growing interest in the study of sound.DHow sound engineers work in their studios.B主旨大意題。作者在第一段中拋出話題“聲音技術”，并在第二、三、四段中介紹了聲音技術領域的三個產品。由此可知，文章主要關注的是聲音技術領域的發(fā)明，所以選擇B項。C(2021全國乙卷B)

24、When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座機)?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyo

25、ne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (調查)Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really necessary an

26、d theyre keeping it as a security blanket19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone.Age is naturally a factor (因素)only 58 perc

27、ent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.Age isnt the only factor; Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find

28、it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID w

29、ould take the fun out of it)How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?10What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?ATheir target users.BTheir wide popularity.CTheir major functions.DTheir complex design.11What

30、does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?AAdmit.BArgue.CRemember.DRemark.12What can we say about Baby Boomers?AThey like smartphone games.BThey enjoy guessing callers identity.CThey keep using landline phones.DThey are attached to their family.13What can be inferred about the landline

31、from the last paragraph?AIt remains a family necessity.BIt will fall out of use some day.CIt may increase daily expenses.DIt is as important as the gas light.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了現在幾乎每個人都用手機，但還有超過一半的澳大利亞的家庭在使用座機。文章主要闡述了產生這一現象的原因。10B推理判斷題。根據文章第二段的內容可知，該段主要是說，在澳大利亞現在很難找到15歲以上還沒有手機的人，而事實上很多小孩子的口袋里都有一部手機。由此可推知，

32、在澳大利亞使用手機的人越來越多，手機在廣泛地流行起來。故選B。11A詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句的下文可知，調查顯示，在仍然使用座機的澳大利亞人中，有三分之一的人認為座機并不是真的有必要，他們只是把座機看作是一種安全保障。故畫線詞所在句是說，有三分之一的人承認座機不是必須要有的東西。由此可推斷concede意為“承認”，故選A。12C細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段中的“.compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.”和第五段中的“.the only people

33、 who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents.”可知，相比之下，在生育高峰期出生的人中，有84%的人可能已經擁有同樣的座機號碼50年了。顯然，他們一直在使用座機。故選C。13B推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段的內容可知，作者用煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的例子，暗示座機將來有一天可能像它們一樣在我們的日常生活中消失。故選B。D(2021全國乙卷D)During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about ofte

34、n.Annoyed by the level of distraction(干擾)in his open office, he said, “Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street so I can focus.”His comment struck me as strange.After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局)But I recently came across a study t

35、hat shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分貝)，70 decibels, and 85

36、decibels.The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however，the participants in the 70 decibels groupthose exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop significantly outperformed the other groups.Since the effects were small, this may s

37、uggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noisenot too loud and not total silencemay actually improve o

38、nes creative thinking ability.The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do

39、so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus.Indeed, the researchers found that facetoface interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking s

40、pace or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.14Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space? AIt helps him concentrate.BIt blocks out background noise.CIt has a pleasant atmosphere.DIt encourages facetoface interactions.15Which level of

41、 background noise may promote creative thinking ability? ATotal silence.B50 decibels.C70 decibels.D85 decibels.16What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?APersonal privacy unprotected.BLimited working space.CRestrictions on group discussion.DConstant interruptions.17What can we infer about

42、 the author from the text?AHes a news reporter.BHes an office manager.CHes a professional designer.DHes a published writer.【語篇解讀】作者通過引用研究者對噪聲的研究，得出“特定程度的噪聲最適合人們進行創(chuàng)造性思維”這一結論，進而說明共享辦公空間與創(chuàng)造性思維能力之間的聯系：前者既提供了一定程度的噪聲，又提供了免受打擾的自由。14A細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段中的“Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space acros

43、s the streetso I can focus.”可知，采訪者是街對面的共享工作空間的會員，在那里他能集中精力。所以，那位采訪者更喜歡共享工作空間的原因是那里有助于他集中精力。故選A。15C細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中的“.the participants in the 70 decibels groupthose exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shopsignificantly outperformed the other groups.”可知，70分貝組的參與者的測試結果最好

44、，顯然70分貝的背景噪聲可以提高創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選C。16D推理判斷題。根據題干中的open office和unwelcome可以查找到最后一段。根據最后一段中的“.we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus.”以及while also providing freedom from interruptions可知，開放式辦公室不受歡迎的原因是人們會不斷地受到打擾。故選D。17D推理判斷題。根據文章第一句中的“During an interview

45、for one of my books”可知，作者在為自己的一本書接受采訪的時候留意到這個問題(即共享辦公空間與創(chuàng)造性思維能力之間的聯系)，由此可以判斷作者是一位作家。故選D。1psychologist n心理學家2frequently adv.頻繁地3professional n專家；專業(yè)人員4phenomenon n現象5temporarily adv.臨時地6atmosphere n大氣；氛圍7landline n座機8concede vt.承認；退讓9distraction n分神，干擾10layout n布局，設計11statistically adv.統(tǒng)計上地12response

46、n回應1puzzle v迷惑 n謎2control v控制3point v指 n點4deadly adj.致命的5upset adj.沮喪 v使不安6stage n舞臺，階段7quarter n四分之一；一刻鐘1assess v評估assessment n評估2state v陳述n.statement 陳述3disable v使失去能力disability n殘疾，失能4direct v指示，指導direction n方向5practice n實踐，練習 practically adv.實際上6deliver v交付；發(fā)表；遞送delivery n交付；分娩；遞送7differ vi.不同 d

47、ifferent adj.不同的8strength n力量；力氣strengthen v加強1thanks to 幸虧，由于2in case of 以防萬一3to be honest 說實話4similar to 與相似5in response to 對的反應即時演練單句語法填空1David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen(strength) the relationship between us.2The mirrors are controlled (co

48、ntrol) by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.3I was upset to find(find) my wallet missing on arriving at the airport.4She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially in case of an accident.5You talk about someones del

49、ivery(deliver) when you are referring to the way in which they give a speech or lecture.6She was a hard pressed (press) personal assistant to a crazy company chairman.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability

50、 to rotate(旋轉) and translate shapes.變換；轉換2The thief drops to the ground.倒下3For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.渴望.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1I think my home falls into that category.譯文 我覺得我的家就屬于此類。2Indeed, the researchers found that facetoface interactions and convers

51、ations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.譯文 的確，研究人員發(fā)現，面對面地互動交流影響創(chuàng)造過程，而同時，一個公共空間或者咖啡館提供一定程度的噪音，也防止被干擾到。.復雜晦澀(分析句子結構并譯成漢語)1Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics develop

52、ment in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.分析本句是復合句。主句主語是Psychologist Susan Levine，其后跟了一個較長的同位語結構。who引導定語從句，修飾前面的children。譯文心理學家蘇珊萊文是芝加哥大學幼兒算術能力開發(fā)的專家，她發(fā)現在24歲之間玩拼圖游戲的孩子后期都發(fā)展出更好的空間技能。2The researcher

53、s analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.分析本句主語是the researchers，謂語部分有兩個，analyzed video recordings和found children.have be

54、tter spatial skills。who引導定語從句，修飾children；when后面跟過去分詞短語，相當于狀語從句。譯文研究人員分析了53對孩子和父母在家中日?；顒拥匿浵瘢l(fā)現當在54個月大評估時，26個月到46個月大的玩拼圖游戲的孩子有更好的空間技能。3In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of todays sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with prof

55、essionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.分析本句是由but連接的兩個分句構成。but前的分句是個簡單句。but后分句的主語是many of todays sound professionals，謂語部分是are sharing., to create new products是目的狀語，based on the phenomenon是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾products，we call sound是定語從句，修飾phenomenon，省略了引導詞that/w

56、hich。譯文過去音響工程師在錄音棚的后臺工作，但現在的很多音響專業(yè)人員則和其他領域的專業(yè)人員分享他們的知識和經驗，以便創(chuàng)造出基于我們稱之為“聲音”這種現象的新產品。4That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun

57、out of it)分析本句是一個復合句。that said是習語，意為“話雖如此”，表示轉折，相當于however。主句是the only people are our Baby Boomers parents。第一個who引出的是一個定語從句，修飾people。to the point意為“達到這種程度或地步”，后面的where引導定語從句，修飾point。第二個who引出的是一個賓語從句，作guess的賓語。before引導的是時間狀語從句。譯文話雖如此，但老實說，用座機給我們家打過電話的人只是“嬰兒潮一代”的父母，以至于我們在接電話之前會玩猜猜誰打來電話的游戲(使用來電顯示就失去樂趣了

58、)。1amount n數量 v總計，相當于(1)“a huge/large amount of不可數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(2)“huge amounts of不可數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(3)amount to 總計；達到a huge amount of coal 大量的煤炭huge amounts of waste 大量的垃圾amount to a refusal 相當于拒絕基礎練習單句語法填空A good amount of sleep every night is(be) important for your health.The total sales of the

59、company didnt amount to more than a million dollars.能力提升一句多譯為了緩解交通壓力，迄今為止已經花了大量的錢修新公路。In order to ease the traffic pressure, a huge/large amount of money has been spent on the new highways so far.(amount)In order to ease the traffic pressure, huge/large amounts of money have been spent on the new hi

60、ghways so far.(amounts)2point n觀點；地點；要點；階段；分數 v指向；面向；暗示(1)on the point of 正要的時候(2)from ones point of view在某人看來(3)there is no point of doing sth.做某事沒有意義make a point of doing sth.特意做某事(4)to the point切題；off the point離題(5)point out指出make a note of the key points in class 在課堂上記下要點on the point of saying s