在學(xué)校推行課程改革中期發(fā)展與前瞻

1、在學(xué)校推行課程改革 中期發(fā)展與前瞻香港大學(xué)教育學(xué)院 張國(guó)華 可供借鑑的海外經(jīng)驗(yàn)1一些英國(guó)的近期發(fā)展: 2英國(guó)課程改革的背景1967, Plowden Report開創(chuàng)以兒童為中心的教育“at the heart of the educational process lies the child” 3英國(guó)課程改革的背景1967, Plowden Report開創(chuàng)以兒童為中心的教育“at the heart of the educational process lies the child” 欠缺中央課程、校本為主the curriculum became known as the secret

2、garden (the term was first used by Lord Eccles, Minister of Education, in 1960) into which others - even those directly concerned with educational provision - were not expected to stray.4國(guó)家課程保守黨政府(戴卓爾夫人 1979-1992、馬卓安1992-1997)一九八八教育改革法案(Education Reform Act 1988)核心科目、基礎(chǔ)科目 (約佔(zhàn)七成學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間)關(guān)鍵階段測(cè)試 (key stage

3、 tests) 5其他發(fā)展Dearing Report (1997)刪減不必要內(nèi)容、教學(xué)及測(cè)試目標(biāo)相應(yīng)減少其他相應(yīng)發(fā)展地方管埋 (local management initiative) .97年工黨政府加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)文和數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)學(xué)校和地方教育部門要訂立具體可量度的目標(biāo)6What Teachers Do (Osborn et al 2000)“On one hand, teachers report that their responsibility to their pupils come first but they also feel the need to comply to the requ

4、irement.” “Teachers feel a loss of autonomy because they know they are subject to more external control but they feel they are able to exert more control over pupil experience within classroom.” 7What Teachers Do (Osborn et al 2000)Teachers perfection of their teaching strength 8What Teachers Do (Os

5、born et al 2000)Teachers Strategies in Response to Change Compliance IncorporationCreative mediation Retreatism Resistance 9香港可以借鑑的經(jīng)驗(yàn) (1)課程和評(píng)核:賦權(quán)(empowerment)與表現(xiàn)評(píng)核 (performantivity)Broadfoot (2001), 1984 英國(guó)成就記錄冊(cè) (record of Achievement)政府鼓勵(lì)學(xué)校使用各種文件，記錄校內(nèi)學(xué)生各項(xiàng)成就和經(jīng)驗(yàn)紀(jì)錄儘量包羅萬(wàn)有符合教育理論關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題:教師的賦權(quán)會(huì)否變成政府量度學(xué)校表現(xiàn)的工具

6、? 10外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)11The provision of information: UK Example12香港會(huì)否發(fā)生上述情況?我們可以反思的問(wèn)題:學(xué)校是否了解TSA的訊息TSA結(jié)果，如何協(xié)助學(xué)校找出要加強(qiáng)和改善地方？學(xué)校有何其他方法，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)以外的興趣和成就13香港可以借鑑的經(jīng)驗(yàn) (2)Keddie: Educationalist and Teacher Context受訪學(xué)校學(xué)生同學(xué)習(xí)能力學(xué)生各種社經(jīng)背景14Keddie: Educationalist and Teacher ContextSchool Statements:.Streaming by ability weights

7、 the school environment against those family background has already lessened their chances of educational achievement. A differentiated curriculum divides pupils. The school should try to unite them.15Keddie: Educationalist and Teacher ContextTeacher Context:Teacher J: Some of the class have written

8、 to Oldham Town Council for material for the New Town Project.Teacher C: They are really bright, are they?Teacher J: Mostly from middle-class families, well motivated. 16Keddie: Educationalist and Teacher ContextDifferential treatment of students:P: This is geography, isnt it? Why dont we learn abou

9、t where countries are and that?T: This is socializationP: Whats that? Id rather do geographyEskimo I dont know where that is. T: After the lesson well go and get the atlas and Ill show you17Keddie: Educationalist and Teacher ContextDifferential treatment of students:In another class, the same teache

10、r, when asked how he would responded if asked “Why should we do social science?” had this reply:T: No, but if I were asked by Cs I would try to sidestep it because it would be the same question as “Why do anything? Why work?R: What if you were asked by an A group?T: Then Id probably try to answer.18

11、香港研究陳 (1998)研究學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)能力和學(xué)生文化資本關(guān)係Students need to watch some TV programme (in English) and do some integrated tasks after viewing the programmes students are asked to design a topic and do group presentation. They need to collect some relevant information and jot notes. (Chan, 1998: pp.94)At the beginni

12、ng of the semester, they the students need to introduce themselves and tell the class how they spend their summer holiday. (Chan, 1998: pp.94)19In the case of history teaching, a teacher explained that students are told to watch documentary TV programmes. Although students rarely watch them, those who have watched these programmes will be asked to discuss the programmes during class time. Teachers tend to think that the