高考英語語法整理

1、英語語法第一章動詞時態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1）經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every ，sometimes, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。The earth moves around the sun.3）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例： Columbus proved that the earth is round.

2、4）現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、 能力、性格、個性。Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是進行時的標志， 表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。2 一般過去時的用法1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的

3、動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。Where did you go just now?2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到時間了 該了

4、 It is time sb. did sth.時間已遲了 早該了 It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示寧愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christ

5、ine was an invalid all her life.她已不在人間Christine has been an invalid all her life. 她現(xiàn)在還活著Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去 注意：用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1） 動詞 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else

6、?2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike?比較 used to / be used toused to + do：過去常常表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used to take a walk.（過去常常散步）be used to + doing：對已感到習慣，或習慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。Mother used to taking a walk.（ 現(xiàn)在習慣于散步）一般將來時） shall 用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which

7、paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?） be going to +不定式，表示將來。主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month 。有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to di

8、scuss the report next Saturday.） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。be going to / will用于條件句時， be going to 表將來will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will tak

9、e off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to 和 be going tobe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客觀安排 ）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. （ 主觀安排 ）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1）下列動詞： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,

10、return 的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表 示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時間或條件句中。When Bill comes （ 不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.Ill

11、write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來意為： 意圖 、 打算 、 安排 、 常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying

12、 here till next week?9現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構成：have （has） +過去分詞。10比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為 過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無 時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October,

13、 just now,具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight,this April, now, once , before, already, recently, lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時間狀語3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn,work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有com

14、e, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。） TOC o 1-5 h z I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yes

15、terday 她是昨天回來了。He has been in the League for three years.（在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ）He has been a League member for three years.（是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ）He joined the League three years ago.（ 三年前入團，joined 為短暫行為。 ）句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成 時，要用過去時。 例子： Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night

16、.11用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型It is the first / second time . that結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.This is thethat結木勾,that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing

17、.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。I havent received his letter for almost a month.比較 since 和 forSince用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfields have bee

18、n opened up since 1976.I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。I worked here for more than twenty years. ( 我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。 )I have worked here for many years. ( 現(xiàn)在我仍在這

19、里工作。 )小竅門： 當現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動詞在完成時中的誤使。Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.since 的四種用法since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、 日期、 鐘點、 1980, last month, half past six) 。I have been here since 1989.since +一段時間+ agoI h

20、ave been here since five months ago.since +從句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.It is + 一段時間 + since 從句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞用于完成時的區(qū)別延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、 經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果， 不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。He has completed the

21、 work. 他已完成了那項工作。(表結果)Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。 (表經(jīng)歷 )用于 till / until 從句的差異延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示做直到瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示 到，才He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到 10 點才回來。He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到 10 點15 過去完成時概念：表示過去的過去| 其構成是 had +過去分詞構成。那時以前那時 現(xiàn)在用法在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。She

22、said (that) she had never been to Paris.狀語從句在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.表示意向的動詞，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過去完成時表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after,

23、once, as soon as 。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.注意： had nowhen還沒等就had no soonerthan 剛就He had no sooner bought the car than he s

24、old it.16 用一般過去時代替完成時1) 兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用 then， and， but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。When she saw the mouse， she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生， 可用一般過去時； 如第一個動作需要若干時間完成， 用過去完成時。When I heard the news, I was very excited.) 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。Our teacher told us that Columbus discove

25、red America in 1492.將來完成時構成 will / be going to do sth.概念狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或一獲得的 經(jīng)驗。They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進行時基本用法：表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說

26、話時動作未必正在進行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。 )She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.表示漸變的動詞有： get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always chan

27、ging your mind.不用進行時的動詞事實狀態(tài)的動詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh,measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.心理狀態(tài)的動詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize,remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, underst

28、and, love, hate 例子： He loves her very much.)瞬間動詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.例：I accept your advice.系動詞 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn例子： You seem a little tired.過去進行時概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景； 一個長動作發(fā)生的時候， 另一個短動作

29、發(fā)生。常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.21 將來進行時1) 概念：表示將來某時進行的狀態(tài)或動作，

30、或按預測將來會發(fā)生的事情。Shell be coming soon.Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.注意：將來進行時不用于表示意志 ，不能說 Ill be having a talk with her.2)常用的時間狀語Soon, tomorrow, this evening ， on Sunday, by this time ， tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時( 1 )時間狀

31、語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediatelyHe is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。(2 ) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。Th

32、e museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物館明天10 點開門。(實際上每天如此。)一般現(xiàn)在時代替過去時) 書上說 ， 報紙上說 等。The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow.報紙上說明天會很冷的。敘述往事，使其生動。Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.24 一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時：hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find

33、, say, remember.I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.2)句型It is since代替It has been since ”It is (= has been) five years since we last met.一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時句型： Here comes ； There goes例子： Look, here comes Mr. Li.現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時表示即將發(fā)生的或預定中計劃好的活動。例子： We are leaving soon

34、. 我們馬上就走。漸變動詞，如： get, run, grow, become, begin 及 die 。例子： He is dying.27時態(tài)一致1）如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實，則永遠用現(xiàn)在時。At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.2）賓語從句中的助動詞 ought, need, must, dare時態(tài)是不變的。He thought that I need not tell you the truth.28時態(tài)與時間狀語時態(tài)時

35、間狀語一般過去時every ，sometimes, at ，on Sunday, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般將來時next- -, tomorrow, in+ 時間現(xiàn)在完成時for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently過去完成時before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as過去進行時t

36、his morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while將來進行時soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening第二章動詞的語態(tài)（主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)）主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。1）若賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 時，該不定式前要加to。此類動詞為感官動詞。feel, hear, h

37、elp, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.- I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.We saw him play football on the playground.- He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。Coal can be used to produ

38、ce electricity for agriculture and industry.let的用法1）當let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，可用不帶 to的不定式。They let the strange go.- The strange was let go.2）若let后賓補較長時，let通常不用被動語態(tài)，而用 allow或permit代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.- I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.2短

39、語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.3表示據(jù)說或相信”的詞組believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandt is said

40、that 據(jù)說t is reported that 據(jù)報道t is believed that t is hoped that 大家相信大家希望t is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that 大家認為It is suggested that 據(jù)建議It is taken granted that 被視為當然It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remember that務必記住的是4 不用被動語態(tài)的情況不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結束 ), fa

41、il, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較： rise, fall, happen 是不及物動詞； raise, seat 是及物動詞。The price has risen.The accident happened last week.The price has been raised. Pl

42、ease be seated.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)， 就須注意哪些動詞是及物的， 哪些是不及物的。 特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits th

43、e lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.系動詞無被動語態(tài)：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 例子： It sounds good.帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)：die, death, dream, live, life 例子： She dreamed a bad dream last night.當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動

44、語態(tài)。例子： She likes to swim.5 主動形式表示被動意義1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive The book sells well 這本書銷路好。 This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。2)blame, let( 出租 ), remain, keep, rent, buildMuch work remains to be done.在 need, require, want, worth ( 形容詞 ), deser

45、ve 后的動名詞必須用主動形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 這房間應該打掃一下。This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。特殊結構： make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)， have sth. done ( 要某人 做某事 ）。被動形式表示主動意義be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepa

46、red (for), be occupied (in), get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學。注意：表示同某人結婚，用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.比較 need/want/require/worth注意：當 need, want, require, worth（ 形容詞 ）后面接 doing 也可以表示被動。Your hair wants cutting

47、. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。第三章 虛擬語氣 *1）概念：虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。2）在條件句中的應用條件句可分為兩類， 一類為真實條件句， 一類為非真實條件句。 非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。真實條件句真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。句型： 條件從句 主句時態(tài)關系 一般現(xiàn)在時shall/will + 動詞原形If he come

48、s, he will bring his violin.注意：1）在真實條件句中，主句不能用be going to 表示將來，該用 shall, will.If you leave now, you will never regret it.） 表示真理時， 主句謂語動詞便不用 shall （will） + 動詞原形而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式。非真實條件句1）時態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。句型 ： 條件從句 主句一般過去時should( would) + 動詞原形If they were here, they would help y

49、ou.b.表示于過去事實相反的假設。句型： 條件從句 主句過去完成時should(would) have+ 過去分詞If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.主句 should+ 動詞原形 would + 動詞原形c.表示對將來的假想句型： 條件從句一

50、般過去時were+ 不定式should+ 動詞原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.混合條件句主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間， 這時主， 從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不 同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do no

51、w.（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 ）If it had rained last night (過去),it would be very cold today ( 現(xiàn)在).4虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可將if省略，再把 were, should或had移到從句句首，實行倒裝。Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If

52、 you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注息：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were,不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。5特殊

53、的虛擬語氣詞：should1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that結構中的主語從句的謂語動詞要用should加動詞原形，should可省略。句型：It is important、 suggested、 a pity that + (should) do(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted;+ (should) do(2)important, necessary, natural, strange a pity, a shame, no w

54、onder(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2)在賓語從句中的應用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) doI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next wee

55、k.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建議或堅持要某人做某事時，即它們用于其本意暗 示、表明、堅持認為時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.Your pale face suggests that you are ill.I insisted that you were wrong.3)在表語從句，同位語從句中的應用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order,

56、 advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即(should) +動詞原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.6 wish的用法1）用于wish后面的從句，表示與事實相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓 語從句的動詞形式為：真實狀況wish 后從句動作先于主句動詞動作現(xiàn)在時過去時（be的過去式為 were）從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā) 生過去時過去完

57、成時（had +過去分詞）將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望將來時would/could +動詞原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2） Wish to do 表達法: Wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. （

58、= I want the manager to be informed at once.）比較 if only 與 only ifonly if表示只有；if only則表示如果就好了 。If only也可用于陳述語氣。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.當時鬧鐘響了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早點回來。It is （high） time thatIt is （high） time that后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用sh

59、ould加動詞原形，但 should不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.need 不必做和本不該做didnt need to do表示：過去不必做某事，事實上也沒做。.neednt have done表示：過去不必做某事，但事實上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 約翰 開車去車站接瑪麗，所以

60、她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 約 翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。（Mary步行回家，沒有遇上 John的車。）第四章非謂語動詞概念：在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式，動名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。1）不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一M式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done2）動名詞時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動