專四?？颊Z法點匯總

1、語法與詞匯專項語法核心考點一：附屬分句復(fù)合句=主句+從句（1個或1個以上)要點1附屬分句是復(fù)合句必不可少的組成部分,以語法功能作為分類標準，附屬分句能夠分為狀語從句、關(guān)系從句（即定語從句）和名詞性從句。其中狀語從句可分為時間、地址、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的、條件、退步和方式等；名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句.要點2狀語從句的考點集中在方式、條件、退步、方式和時間狀語從句上；關(guān)系從句的考點集中在關(guān)系代詞的選擇，限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；名詞性從句的考點集中在賓語從句和同位語從句.一狀語從句狀語從句真題解析：1Nineistothree_threeistoon

2、e.(2008,53）A。whenB.thatC。whichD.what2_hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend，hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment。（2008，55）A.MuchthoughB。MuchasC。AsmuchD。Thouthmuch3Mendifferfromanimals_theycanthinkandspeak。（2008,54)A。forwhichB。forthatC。inthatD。inwhich4Theystoodchattingtogetheraseasilyandnatural

3、lyas_.(2008,60)A.itcouldbeB.couldbeC.itwasD.was5Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_thecoachleft。（2009，60)A。whenB。asC.untilD。than6_thebosssays，itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay。2010，55）A。WhateverB.WheneverC。Whichever7Fool_Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing。A。whoB。asC。likeD.thatD.Howe

4、ver8Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,_thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.(2005）A.onoccasionB。onpurposeC。onconditionD。onlyif9Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?A.IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity。B。Astherewasonanswer，Iwroteagain.C。YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.D.Wealthyashei

5、s，Markisnotahappyman.狀語從句重點總結(jié)：(一)條件狀語從句:表示條件或假定,往常由以下連詞或構(gòu)造引導(dǎo)：If如果aslongas只需unless如果不；除非solongas只需onconditionthat條件是provided/providingthat若是suppose/supposingthat若是intheeventthat如果，在的情況下giventhat如果assuming(that）若是say若是特別提醒幾種不常用的條件狀語從句舉例：Intheeventthatshecannotarriveontime,wewillgofirst。Supposeitsnowed

6、，wewouldstillgo.Saywhathesaidweretrue，whatwouldyoudoaboutit？（二)退步狀語從句：含有“雖然though/although雖然,只管，即便”之意，主要引導(dǎo)詞有evenif/eventhough即便：nomatter+疑問詞不論inspiteofthefactthat只管muchas不論只管疑問詞+ever不論while只管forallthat只管as/thoughgranted/granting（that）雖然，只管特別提醒1。幾種不常用的退步狀語從句舉例：Inspiteofthefactthathewasdeafanddumb，heh

7、adageniusformusic.Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem。Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.Forallthattherewerealotofdifficulties,hefinallyenteredthefinalcompetitionandwon。Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress，youshouldnotbeconceited.2.用了although或though,就一定不能再后邊的從句中同時用but，可是though能夠和ye

8、t連用。Althoughtheywereverytired，buttheystillworking。（true/false）Thoughtheywereverytired，yettheystillworking。(true/false)3。nomatter+疑問詞不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句,可用疑問詞+ever來引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。Nomatterwhathesayshasnothingtodowithme.(true/false)Whateverhesayshasnothingtodowithme。（true/false）Theoldmanbelievesnomatterwhathiss

9、ontellshim(true/false）Theoldmanbelieveswhateverhissontellshim（true/false)4。as/though引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句如果有強調(diào)的部分,往常將強調(diào)的部分置于句首。Youngashewas/Childashewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.Youngthoughhewas/Childthoughhewas，hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother。Thoughhewasyoung/Thoughhewasachild，hecoulddosomehousewo

10、rkforhismother。注意:as引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句必須倒裝，though引導(dǎo)的能夠倒裝也能夠不倒裝。5。forall(that)表示退步觀點，“that能夠省略，相當(dāng)于“inspiteof”或“inspiteofthefactthat”,以后可接短語或從句。Forallthefinewordshemaysaytoyourface,hedoesnotlikeyouatheart。Forall（that)yousay，hewillnotchangehismind。（三）時間狀語從句：表示時間關(guān)系,引導(dǎo)詞主要有以下:表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”when,while,as,justas,nesttime，

11、thelasttime,eachtime，everytime,whenever表示時間先后before，after表示“一就”Assoonas,once，hardlywhen/before，scarecelywhen/before,nosoonerthan，directly,immediately，instantly，themoment/second/minute，其他時間Bythetime(到的時候),itisthefirst/secondtime，notuntil（直到才),eversince（自從）特別提醒1幾種不常用的時間狀語從句Theywentintoactiondirectly/i

12、mmediately/instantly/themomenttheyheardthealarm.2幾種需要用達成時態(tài)的時間狀語從句BythetimeIgotthere，theyhadleftfortheairport.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina。ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedChina。Hehadhardlyescapedwhen/beforehewascaptured。Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Ihavebeenlivingthereallthetime

13、sinceImovedtherein1992。3否定詞置于句首時注意倒裝Hardlyhadheescapedwhenhewascapured.NosoonerhadIreachedtherethanitbegantorain。4when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如果出現(xiàn)在后半句，能夠表示“這時突然之意。Iwasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop。表示時間先后的連詞before可表示條件意義,譯作“只有/必須才能”Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.（四）比較狀語從句：可分為同

14、級比較和不同級比較,同級比較往常由as引導(dǎo)，不同級比較往常由than引導(dǎo)。注意幾種特殊引導(dǎo)形式:themore/lessthemore/less越，越j(luò)ustas，so正如,也AistoBwhat/asCistoDA之于B就如C之于D同樣AsAistoB，（so）CistoD正如A之于B,C也之于Dno(notany)morethan與都不no（notany)lessthan與同樣都notsomuchas與其說不如說特別提醒幾種不常用比較狀語從句YouwereontimeandsowasI。（注意用倒裝構(gòu)造）Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine。Asfoodisim

15、portanttomen,sooilistomachine.Heisnomoreateacherthanweare。Heisnolessateacherthanweare。Itisnotsomuchtheactualpopulationoftheworldasitsrateofincreasethatcatchesmyattention。Thesecretofsuccessisnotsomuchmoneyasastrongwill。2注意比較狀語從句中的省略構(gòu)造,尤其需要注意根據(jù)省略的主語來選擇謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及動詞時態(tài).Hehaspaidmoremoneythanhasbeenestimat

16、edbefore。(五)原因狀語從句主要引導(dǎo)詞有：assinceconsidering（that）鑒于,顧及到inas/somuchasbecausenowthatseeingthat鑒于notbecausebutbecauseinthat因為，在于特別提醒1幾種不常用的時間狀語從句Consideringthattheshoesarehandmade,thepriceisreasonable.Seeingthathewasreallyupset,wedecidedtoleavehimalone.Athoroughphysicalexaminationisimportantinas/somuch

17、asitservestoreassurethepatient.Critismandselfcriticismisnecessaryinthatithelpspeopletofindandcorrecttheirmistakes.2because，since,as和for的區(qū)別：Because表示原因語氣最強,往常用往返答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句.Since語氣不如because,而as語氣不如since。它們表達的往往是顯而易見的原因或已經(jīng)為人們所知的原因，強調(diào)的往往是主句而不是原因狀語從句.For往常作并列連詞，是一種解釋說明，不表示原因.（六）方式狀語從句：表示以的方式as像，正如(just

18、）asso正如，也asif仿佛，憂如asthough仿佛，憂如theway以的方式特別提醒幾種不常用的方式狀語從句Justaswateristofish，soairistomanTreatothersthewayyouwantotherstreatyou。（七)結(jié)果狀語從句Sothat如此以至于Withtheresultthat結(jié)果是Tothedegreethat到了程度，以Suchthat如此以至于Somuchsothat如此以至于Totheextentthat到了程度，以至至于特別提醒于幾種不常用的結(jié)果狀語從句Alanlikeshamburgerssomuchsothatheeatsthe

19、malmosteveryday。ThebadnewsupsetmetothedegreethatIcouldnotfallintosleeplastnight.2sothat構(gòu)造中的so置于句首時,句子要用倒裝語序。Soabsorbedwasheinthenovelthathedidnotrealizeitwaseightclockalready。3注意結(jié)果狀語從句與目的狀語從句的區(qū)別.目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，主要有that(以便）,sothat（以便）;inorderthat（以便);forthepurposethat（以便）；lest（免得）；forfearthat（免得）；incase(以

20、防）；inthehopethat（以望）.其中l(wèi)est引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中使用虛構(gòu)語氣。Astrictsupervisionduringtheperiodiskeptlestthepatient(should)developanyphysicalandemotionaleffects.(八）地址狀語從句表示地址，主要由where,wherever，anywhere，everywhere來引導(dǎo)。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.Whereverhegoes,hewillbearwhathismothersaysinhismind.Everywhereheshowedus

21、around，wesawgrenlawnsandbeautifulflowerbeds。(九)對照狀語從句表示對照,主要由while或whereas來引導(dǎo)。Thesolesareleather,whiletheuppersarecanvas。(鞋跟是皮的，而鞋面是帆布的)二關(guān)系從句（定語從句）定語從句真題解析1Iwasveryinterestedin_shetoldme。(2009）A。allthatB。allwhichC.allwhatD。that2Theparty,_Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.(2006)A.bywhichB。for

22、whichC。towhichD.atwhich定語從句重點小結(jié)：定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句名稱意義構(gòu)造特點功能引導(dǎo)詞限制性定語對先行詞起緊跟先行修飾先行詞所有關(guān)系代從句限定作用；詞,同先行詞或關(guān)系副指特定的人詞之間沒有詞或物;不可逗號分開省略，否則影響句子的完整性非限制性定對先行詞作跟在先行詞修飾先行詞Which，語從句補充性的說后，用逗號或整個句子who,明；如果省與主句分開whom，as,略，不影響介詞+which句子的完整(不能用性that)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系代詞是用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞：作用/功能用于限制性或非限制性定語從句只用于限制性定語從句代

23、替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whomwhichthat定語whose(=ofwhom)whose（ofwhom）關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中表示時間、地址或原因：關(guān)系副詞被替代的先行詞在從句中的作用When(=at,in,on，during表示時間的名詞時間狀語which)Where(=in,atwhich）表示地址的名詞地址狀語Why（=forwhich）只有reason原因狀語3不用that只用which的情況（a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。(錯)Thetree，thatisfourhundredyearsold，Isveryfamoushere。（b）介詞后不能用。Wed

24、ependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom。限制性定語從句只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況（1）當(dāng)先行詞是anything，everything，nothing（something除外)，few，all,none，little，some等代詞時，或許是由every,any,all，some,no,little，few,much,each等修飾時Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr。Lihassaid？Thereseemstobenothi

25、ng(that）seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle(that）Icandoforyou。注意1：部分時候that能夠省略，如部分例句將that用括號括住注意2：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也能夠用whoAnymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.（2）當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時ThisisthebestfilmthatIha

26、veseen.(4）當(dāng)形容詞被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast修飾時ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse，theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.(5）當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost？（6）當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或許物體時Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwe

27、havelearned?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做表語Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.(8）當(dāng)在therebe句型中，往常情況下用that，不用which關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的省略1）關(guān)系代詞which，that，who,whom在定語從句中作直接賓語時能夠省略。Thisisthenovel（that/which)Ireadlastnight.Heisthecollegue（who/shom)Imetinthesupermarket(2）關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作表語時可省略。Heisnottheman（that）heuse

28、dtobe.。(3）當(dāng)先行詞是Thisisthereasonreason且關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語時，關(guān)系詞（why）Ilikehersomuch.why能夠省略。（4)當(dāng)先行詞是way且關(guān)系代詞在句中作方式狀語時，that能夠省略。Thatwasthewayhefoundoutthesolutiontothisproblem.關(guān)系代詞inwhich或三名詞性從句真題解析1。After_seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanagersoffice.A。thatB.itC。whatD.there名詞性從句重點小結(jié)1名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞

29、:分類引導(dǎo)詞功能連結(jié)詞that，whether,if只起連結(jié)作用，不作句子成分關(guān)系代詞who，whom,whose，既起連結(jié)作用，又擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓what,which,whatever，語、定語、表語等成分whichever，whoever關(guān)系副詞when,where，how，既起連結(jié)作用，又作狀語who特別提醒（1）關(guān)系代詞what有時保存其原有的疑問意義，作疑問代詞表示“什么”；有時作雙重關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于“thethingthat/which”。IcanrecognizehisfacebutIcannotrememberwhathisnameis.Hisremarksremindedmeof

30、whatIsawlastnight。2）whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別?主語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)?Whetherornot能夠連在一同使用，而ifornot使用，且ornot要放在句末。不能夠連在一同，需分開?Whether能夠引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，if不能.?在question,ask后邊一般只用whether來引導(dǎo)。?后接不定式時只能用whether.?當(dāng)賓語從句提至謂語前面時只能用whether引導(dǎo)。（一）主語從句1.作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句往常由附屬連詞that，whether，if和連結(jié)代詞what，who，which，whatever,whoever以

31、及連結(jié)副詞how,when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連結(jié)作用；連結(jié)代詞和連接副詞在句中既保存自己的疑問含義、又起連結(jié)作用，在從句中充任從句的成分。Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced。Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillu

32、nknown.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceivedapresent.注意：上述例句中的主語從句全都是放在句首，但有時為防止句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake。Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.常用句型如下：（1)It+be+名詞+that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat是知識Itisasurprisethat令人詫異的

33、是Itisafactthat事實是（2）It+be+形容詞+that從句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很顯然(3)It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句Itisbelievedthat人們相信Itisknowntoallthat盡人皆知Ithasbeendecidedthat已決定（4）It+不及物動詞+that從句Itappears/seemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat剛巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起2.引導(dǎo)詞what與thatWhat引導(dǎo)主語從句時在從句中充任句子成分,如主語

34、賓語表語，而that則不然.而that只起連結(jié)作用,本身無實際意義，在從句中也不充任任何成分。That引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時不能省略。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusistrue.語氣另注意在主語從句中用來表示詫異、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛構(gòu)語氣“（should）+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural，strange,etc。）thatItisapity（ashame，nowonder，etc。)thatItissuggested(re

35、quested，proposed,desired,etc.)that（二）賓語從句（1）賓語從句在句中作賓語。在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中，it也常被用作形式賓語放在真切賓語that從句的前面。Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld。（2）如果主句的謂語動詞表示的是“認為、相信、猜測”觀點時,如think，believe,consider，suppose，expect，fancy，guess,reckon，imagine等，以后的賓語從句若含有否定含義,一般要把否定詞前移到主句的謂語上，賓語從句中的

36、謂語用肯定形式。IdontthinkIcandoitmyself.3)在表示命令、懇求、建議、希望等意義的動詞后邊的賓語從句中要使用虛構(gòu)語氣，往常使用should+動詞原形，should往常能夠省略，常有的此類動詞有：表示命令order，command,demand，instruct，ask表示懇求ask,request，require表示建議suggest,advise，propose，recommend表示希望desire,insist(4）賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語，且介詞賓語不能用which引導(dǎo)，要用what。Shewasdeeplymovedbywhathesaid。(三）表語從句在

37、句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)系詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)系詞大概同樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用asif引導(dǎo).其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+that從句。需要注意的,當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning。【注意】whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻往常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。（四）同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的詳細內(nèi)容。同位語從句往常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、deman

38、d、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。比如:Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.專項考點練習(xí)：1._thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest。A。ItissaidB。Theya

39、resaidC.ItsaidD。Itsays2。_causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A。WhatB.ThatC.HowD。Where3。_helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising。A.WhoB.AnyoneC。WhoeverD.Theperson4.Eat_youlikeandleavetheothersfor_comesinlate。A.any；whoB.every；whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever_shecouldntunderstandwas_f

40、ewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What；whyB。That;whyC.What；becauseD。Why；that6.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme。A.What；thatB。That；thatC。What;whatD.That；what語法核心考點二：句子成分解析真題解析1Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession?（2012）A.Theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasures。B.Isteppe

41、dasideforhertogetinfirst.C。Forallthatheseemstodislikeme,Istilllikehim。D。Theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson。Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?（2012)A。AreyousureofSimonsdisappearance.B.Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.C.Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureo

42、ftheplan。D。Despitetherain，everyoneenjoyedthetrip.3。AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT（2012)A.Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.B.Onlyoneproblemstillremainsthefood.C.Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme.D。Shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish.4。Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject？（20

43、12)A。Hedoesntliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting。B。Itisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.C。Myparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.D.Herfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.5。Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject？(2012)A。Weneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonest。B。Theproblemisno

44、twhowillgobutwhowillstay.C。Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.D。Itisclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronounsisusedasanappositive？（2012)A。Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress。B.ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary.C。Ihavenothingtosayformyself.D。Theyquarreledthemselvesredin

45、theface.7。Inthesentence“ThemanagerinterviewedJimhimselfinthemorning”，theitalicizedwordisusedtomodify(2011）A.theobjectB。theverbC.thesubjectD。theprepositionalphraseWhichoftheitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject？（2011)A。Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher?B。Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris？C.Howmuchdoyouthink

46、heearnseverymonth.D.Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome？Xinchunreturnedfromabroadadifferentman。Theitalicizedpartfunctionasa(n）_inthesentence。A.appositiveB。objectC。adverbialD。complement10.Which“of”inthefollowingsentencesindicatesasubjectpredicaterelationship?A。theoccupationoftheislandB。thelawofNewtonC.t

47、hearrivalofthetouristsD。theplaysofOscarWilde11。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive？A。Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport。C。Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie。D。Thereisreallynothingtofear。重點總結(jié)：句子的主要成分是：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補語、同位語.主語（subject)：一般由名詞性的成分充任,如名詞、代詞、名詞性從句、動名詞和

48、不定式;要注意形式主語it與真切主語的辨析。1Inthefollowingsentence“Itsnousewaitingforme，theitalicizedphraseis_.（2010)A。theobjectB。anadverbialC。acomplementD.thesubject答案：D謂語（predicator）:由動詞來充任,主要考察時態(tài)、語態(tài).賓語（Object）：位于及物動詞或介詞之后，也是由名詞性成分的詞、短語或從句充任;動名詞和不定式也可充任賓語；注意形式賓語it和真切賓語的辨析.2In“Howmuchdoyouthinkheearns?”howmuchis_ofthes

49、entence（.2009)A.thesubjectB.theadverbialC。theobjectD。thecomplement特別提醒:雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語的區(qū)別:雙賓語是有的動詞后邊跟直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指的是動詞所波及的物；間接賓語是受益于動詞動作的人。復(fù)合賓語:在英語中，有些動詞接了一個賓語后句子意思仍不完整，還需要再加上一個詞或短語放在賓語之以后補充說明其身份、特點、狀態(tài)或所做的動作，這種“賓語+賓語補足語”構(gòu)造稱為復(fù)合賓語（objectcomplement）.注意：賓語和賓補之間存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系，間接賓語和直接賓語之間不存在。3。Whichofthefollowingsen

50、tencehasanobjectcomplement？(2010)A。ThedirectorappointedJohnmanager.B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.C。YouhavedonePeterafavor。D。SheisteachingChildrenEnglish。答案：A定語（attribute）：一般修飾名詞,由形容詞性質(zhì)的詞、短語或從句充任.狀語（adverbial):一般修飾動詞或整個句子，一般由副詞性質(zhì)的詞、短語或從句充任；介詞短語也能夠充任句子狀語;狀語可用于表示時間、地址、原因、結(jié)果、方式、目的、退步、條件等.4.Whichofthefoll

51、owingitalicizedphrasesindicatesCAUSE?（2010)A。Whydontyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriends？B。IwishIcouldwriteaswellasyou.C.Forallhisefforts,hedidntgetanA.D.Hereyeswereredfromexcessivereading.表語（subjectcomplement)：用于聯(lián)系動詞后邊，用于解釋、說明、描述主語,一般由形容詞、名詞性質(zhì)的詞、短語或從句充任。語法核心考點三：虛構(gòu)語氣真題解析：1。Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Eng

52、lish_mucheasiertolearn.(2009，52）A.couldhavebeenB。wouldbeC。willbeD.wouldhavebeen答案：B2.Itisnecessarythathe_theassignmentwithoutdelay.(2010,60）A.handinB。handsinC。musthandinD。hastohandin答案:A3。Itsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now（.2011，61）A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave答案：A4。Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocum

53、ents_tohimbeforelunch。（2012，54）A。besentB。weresentC.weretobesentD。mustbesent答案:A5。Whichhofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?（2013，54）A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock。B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro。C。Walkstraightahead，anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights。D.Pa

54、ulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.答案：A6。Ifit_tomorrow，thematchwouldbeputoff.（2013,63）A。wastorainB.weretorainC。wasrainingD。hadrained答案：B觀點：虛構(gòu)語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的一種愿望、假定、思疑、猜測、建議等含義，用于強調(diào)思疑或不可能,而不是客觀存在的事實。虛構(gòu)語氣重點小結(jié)：普通虛構(gòu)條件句普通虛構(gòu)條件句表達與事實相反的情況，不強調(diào)推斷意味。虛構(gòu)情況條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If+主語+過去時（be動主語+would/cou

55、ld/might詞往常用were)do與過去事實相反If+主語+haddone主語+wouldhavedone與將來事實相反（1）If+主語+過去時主語+would/shoulddo（be動詞往常用were)（2）If+主語+shoulddo（3)If+主語+weretodo注意：shoulddo比weretodo實現(xiàn)的可能性大推斷虛構(gòu)條件句用來推斷未來事件，即發(fā)言人認為實現(xiàn)的可能性極小擬形式合用于推斷虛構(gòu)條件句。虛構(gòu)情況條件從句與將來事實相反（1）If+主語+過去時.所以與將來事實相反的虛結(jié)果主句主語+woulddo（be動詞往常用were）（2）If+主語+shoulddo（3）If+主語

56、+weretodo注意：shoulddo比weretodo實現(xiàn)的可能性大錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句即虛構(gòu)條件從句和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，因此主句和從句時態(tài)的選擇上不能拘泥于上表所列的時態(tài)組成,需視詳細情況而定。IfIwereyou，Iwouldnthavegoneoutwithhimlastnight。（現(xiàn)在-過去）IfIhadhadbreakfastthismorning，Iwouldntbesohungrynow。（過去-現(xiàn)在）委婉條件句委婉條件句指句中沒有出現(xiàn)顯然表示虛構(gòu)語氣的條件句,而是使用一些詞、短語、從句或其余構(gòu)造來表示條件，但句中仍舊使用了虛構(gòu)語氣。短語往常有：butfor

57、(要不是）,without，with，or（否則)，otherwise（否則）,incaseof（在。.的情況下），whatif(如果將會怎樣）等。Butforhisfathersencouragement,hewouldnthavewonthefirstprize。Withbetterequipment，wewouldhavesucceeded。5名詞性從句中若含有表示“命令、建議、懇求、意向、主張、目的等意義的詞時，需使用虛構(gòu)語氣，往常用should+動詞原形,should能夠省略。詳見名詞性從句部分。由wish引導(dǎo)的從句需要用虛構(gòu)語氣。往常用過去時表示對現(xiàn)在的虛構(gòu)。用過去達成時表示對過去

58、的虛構(gòu)，用would+動詞原形表示對將來的虛構(gòu)。IwishIcouldflylikeabird.IwishIhadntlenthimmycomputer。IwishIwouldaffordtotravelthewholeworld.在wouldrather，hadrather，wouldsooner和wouldprefer引導(dǎo)的從句中要使用虛構(gòu)語氣，即用過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，用達成時表示過去的情況,希望或委婉的責(zé)怪.Idratheryoutoldmeaboutitrightaway。在固定句型itis(high）time中，謂語動詞要用過去時。Itishightimeyoutoldmea

59、boutit.9.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的從句表示沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望或遺憾,要使用虛構(gòu)語氣。用過去時表示現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，用過去達成時表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望。IfonlyIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IfonlyIhadknownitearlierandIcouldhavestoppedit.10在退步狀語從句中，whetheror構(gòu)造往常用倒裝語序,謂語動詞用be的原形來表示.Beitfineornot,Iwillinspectthefactorymyselftomorrow。=Whetheritisfineornot，Iwillinspectthefact

60、orymyselftomorrow。在forfearthat,inorderthat，sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞往常使用should/might/could+動詞原形。Hetiptoedforfearthathemightdisturbhisfather。12在lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞往常用should+動詞原形。Shedidntallowherlittledaughtergooutlestsheshouldcatchflu.定義：虛構(gòu)語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實,或與事實相反。應(yīng)用條件：在表示虛假的、