如何翻譯一手漂亮的英文 translation

1、Welcome to the English Class 1英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比語(yǔ)言，作為一種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，它的內(nèi)面是思維的形式。 -薩丕爾Language and thinking influence each other and reflect each other.英漢民族的思維方式對(duì)比_偏重人文，注重倫理、道德_偏重自然，注重科學(xué)、技術(shù)_重悟性、直覺(jué)、意象_重理性、邏輯、求證_好靜、內(nèi)向、守舊_好動(dòng)、外向、開(kāi)放_(tái)求同、求穩(wěn)、重和諧_求異、求變、重競(jìng)爭(zhēng) A.東方人 B.西方人英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比英漢語(yǔ)法對(duì)比（Grammar）1.1漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法- Implicit (語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)）1.2英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法- Explicit

2、(結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)義）1.1 漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法- Implicit (語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)）“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。” 1.2 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法- Explicit (結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)義） “The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena; whose face is marred by sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs and comes short again and again because there is no effort without error and shortcoming

3、; who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotion, spends himself in a worthy cause; who at best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement; and who at worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who have never t

4、asted victory or defeat.” -Roosevelt 榮譽(yù)屬于這樣的人，他置身于競(jìng)技場(chǎng)上，臉上沾滿塵垢、汗水和鮮血；他英勇拼搏，他犯過(guò)錯(cuò)誤，一再表現(xiàn)出不足之處，因?yàn)闆](méi)有錯(cuò)誤和缺點(diǎn)就談不上艱難的嘗試；但他真正竭力為建功立業(yè)而拼搏；他懂得偉大的熱忱、崇高的獻(xiàn)身精神；他為正義事業(yè)而獻(xiàn)身。幸運(yùn)之時(shí)，他終于體驗(yàn)到巨大成就的喜悅；不幸時(shí)，如果失敗了，至少是在勇敢?jiàn)^進(jìn)中失敗的。因此，他的地位決不能與那些既不知道勝利也不懂得失敗的冷淡而膽怯之輩相提并論。語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)境與邏輯分析1.語(yǔ)法分析They can fish.Like knows like.Active metals, organic

5、substances and other oxidizable materials are always subject to slow attack by oxygen when exposed to the air.At school the student needs to increase the knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are i

6、mportant in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings.2.語(yǔ)境分析writing an exact man.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.if a man writes little, he need have a great memory.You know

7、 a word by the company it keeps.Harvard Law Schoolthe School of AristotleA school of whales swam past the ship.3.邏輯分析The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished.They do not consider that pure science is more important than applied science.The experiment on the transformation of energy show

8、s that no energy can be created and none destroyed.They have not sponsored the symposium to compare notes on the controversy.英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比英漢表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)差異2.1 形合與意合 （hypotactic vs. paratactic)2.2 靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài) (static vs. dynamic)2.3 物稱與人稱（impersonal vs. personal)2.4 被動(dòng)與主動(dòng) （passive vs. active)2.5 復(fù)合與簡(jiǎn)單（complex vs. simple)2

9、.1 形合與意合 （hypotactic vs. paratactic)That is our policy and that is our declaration. (W. Churchill)這就是我們的政策。這就是我們的宣言。If winter comes, can spring be far behind? (Shelley)冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？2.1 形合與意合 （hypotactic vs. paratactic)玩火自焚Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire.酒醉智昏When wine is in, wit is out. 2.

10、2 靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài) (static vs. dynamic)That would be the confirmation that it was in general use.這將證實(shí)它的應(yīng)用是十分普遍的。 一看見(jiàn)它，我就感到緊張。 The very sight of it makes me feel nervous.2.3 物稱與人稱（impersonal vs. personal)我完全失去了勇氣。 All my courage deserted me. 像一把銀色的匕首，一個(gè)念頭在他腦海里清晰地閃過(guò)。A thought struck him like a silver dagger.The

11、rain prevented me from coming.2.4 被動(dòng)與主動(dòng) （passive vs. active)It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself. 必須指出學(xué)習(xí)只能靠自己。It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，大家都知道心臟和肝臟的關(guān)系是最主要的。2.5 復(fù)合與簡(jiǎn)單（complex vs. simple)It had be

12、en a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.Summary英語(yǔ)重：形合、靜態(tài)、物稱、被動(dòng)、復(fù)合漢語(yǔ)重：意合、動(dòng)態(tài)、人稱、主動(dòng)、簡(jiǎn)單 英漢詞匯對(duì)比1.詞匯偶合2.詞匯并行3.詞匯空缺4.詞匯沖突1. 詞匯偶合不同的語(yǔ)言中存在著不少選詞、用詞上的相同、相似之處，這一語(yǔ)言特征稱為“不同語(yǔ)言之間的偶合現(xiàn)象”。傾心To give

13、 ones heart to放心To set one s heart at ease灰心To lose ones heart傷心To break ones heart衷心的Heart-felt善心的Kind-hearted黑心的Black-hearted硬心腸的Hard-hearted從心底里的From the bottom of ones heart全心全意Heart and soul2.詞匯并行漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)用不同方式來(lái)表達(dá)同一事物的現(xiàn)象。He is as thin as a shadow.He is as poor as a church mouse.He spent money like

14、water.Fishing in the airTo put a fifth wheel to the coachTo lead a dogs life 在習(xí)語(yǔ)的翻譯中，可以采用“并行”翻譯的方法，及形式不同但寓意相同。3. 詞匯空缺語(yǔ)言是反映文化的一面鏡子。（1）生存環(huán)境 salad（2）風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣 red-letter day（3）宗教文化 God bless you. My God!（4）制度文化 “人大“ “三個(gè)代表”（5）文化心理 “四” “thirteen”4. 詞匯沖突語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)言之間存在著矛盾“龍”-“龍顏”、“望子成龍”在英語(yǔ)中?！癲ragon”是沒(méi)有地位的爬行動(dòng)物，是可憎惡的象

15、征。C-E Translation Exercise合乎英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，譯文應(yīng)當(dāng)通順、自然、流暢。1. 確定句子的關(guān)鍵詞；2. 確定關(guān)鍵詞的英語(yǔ)譯法；3. 確定該關(guān)鍵詞的語(yǔ)法搭配（句型）、詞匯搭配，從而確定譯入語(yǔ)句子框架；4. 把原文各個(gè)組成部分按照語(yǔ)法要求逐項(xiàng)納入該句子框架，注意各成分內(nèi)部的搭配當(dāng)然。C-E Translation Exercise 下午好！我今天來(lái)競(jìng)聘營(yíng)銷(xiāo)經(jīng)理職位。非常感謝貴公司給了我這么個(gè)展示自我、參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)會(huì)。我十分珍惜這樣一個(gè)難得的機(jī)會(huì)。我將客觀地說(shuō)明我自己所具備的應(yīng)聘能力并且，將心悅誠(chéng)服地接受各位的評(píng)判。 我2000年畢業(yè)于北航大學(xué)，曾在幾家大型計(jì)算機(jī)公司工作。我

16、有較豐富的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，有較強(qiáng)的組織協(xié)調(diào)能力和突出的工作業(yè)績(jī)。這些優(yōu)勢(shì)條件將有助于我很快熟悉新的工作。謝謝各位。下午好！我今天來(lái)競(jìng)聘市場(chǎng)經(jīng)理職位。Good afternoon! Today I am here competing for the position of the marketing manager. 非常感謝貴公司給了我這么個(gè)展示自我、參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)會(huì)。I am very obliged to your company for giving me this opportunity of presenting myself and participating the compet

17、ition. 我十分珍惜這樣一個(gè)難得的機(jī)會(huì)。I really cherish this invaluable opportunity.我將客觀地說(shuō)明我自己所具備的應(yīng)聘能力并且，將心悅誠(chéng)服地接受各位的評(píng)判。I am going to illustrate the competence I have for the competitive position and accept your judgments sincerely. 我2000年畢業(yè)于北航大學(xué)， 曾在幾家大型計(jì)算機(jī)公司工作。I graduated from Beihang University in 2000 and I once worked in several large-scaled computer companies. 我有較豐富的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，有較強(qiáng)的組織協(xié)調(diào)能力