強(qiáng)化應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化行動(dòng)-中國(guó)國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)(中英對(duì)照)

1、 強(qiáng)化應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化行動(dòng)中國(guó)國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)EnhancedActionsonClimateChange:ChinasIntendedNationallyDeterminedContributions氣候變化是當(dāng)今人類社會(huì)面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。工業(yè)革命以來(lái)的人類活動(dòng)，特別是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大量消費(fèi)化石能源所產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳累積排放，導(dǎo)致大氣中溫室氣體濃度顯著增加，加劇了以變暖為主要特征的全球氣候變化。氣候變化對(duì)全球自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生顯著影響，溫度升高、海平面上升、極端氣候事件頻發(fā)給人類生存和發(fā)展帶來(lái)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。Climatechangeistodayscommonchallengefacedbyallhumanity.

2、HumanactivitiessincetheIndustrialRevolution,especiallytheaccumulatedcarbondioxideemissionsfromtheintensivefossilfuelsconsumptionofdevelopedcountries,haveresultedinsignificantlyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases,exacerbatedclimatechangeprimarilycharacterizedbyglobalwarming.Climate

3、changehassignificantimpactsonglobalnaturalecosystems,causingtemperatureincreaseandsealevelriseaswellasmorefrequentextremeclimateevents,allofwhichposeahugechallengetothesurvivalanddevelopmentofthehumanrace.氣候變化作為全球性問(wèn)題，需要國(guó)際社會(huì)攜手應(yīng)對(duì)。多年來(lái)，各締約方在聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約(以下簡(jiǎn)稱公約)實(shí)施進(jìn)程中，按照共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則、公平原則、各自能力原則，不斷強(qiáng)化合作行動(dòng)，取得了

4、積極進(jìn)展。為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)公約的全面、有效和持續(xù)實(shí)施，各方正在就2020年后的強(qiáng)化行動(dòng)加緊談判磋商，以期于2015年年底在聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化巴黎會(huì)議上達(dá)成協(xié)議，開(kāi)辟全球綠色低碳發(fā)展新前景，推動(dòng)世界可持續(xù)發(fā)展。Climatechangeisaglobalissuethatrequiresthecollaborationoftheinternationalcommunity.Foryears,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofequityandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,the

5、PartiestotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(hereinafterreferredtoastheConvention)havebeenworkingtoenhancecooperationandachievedpositiveprogressintheimplementationoftheConvention.Tofurtherenhancethefull,effectiveandsustainedimplementationoftheConvention,negotiationsandconsultationsare

6、nowunderwayonenhancedactionsbeyond2020,soastoreachanagreementattheConferenceofthePartiestotheConventioninParisattheendof2015.Thiswillopenupanewprospectforgreenandlow-carbondevelopmentacrosstheglobeandpromotesustainabledevelopmentworldwide.中國(guó)是擁有13多億人口的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，是遭受氣候變化不利影響最為嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一。中國(guó)正處在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展階段，面臨著

7、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、消除貧困、改善民生、保護(hù)環(huán)境、應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化等多重挑戰(zhàn)。積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，努力控制溫室氣體排放，提高適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力，不僅是中國(guó)保障經(jīng)濟(jì)安全、能源安全、生態(tài)安全、糧食安全以及人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求，也是深度參與全球治理、打造人類命運(yùn)共同體、推動(dòng)全人類共同發(fā)展的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)。Asadevelopingcountrywithapopulationofmorethan1.3billion,Chinaisamongthosecountriesthataremostseverelyaffectedbytheadverseimpactsofclimatechange.Chinai

8、scurrentlyintheprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanization,confrontingwithmultiplechallengesincludingeconomicdevelopment,povertyeradication,improvementoflivingstandards,environmentalprotectionandcombatingclimatechange.Toactonclimatechangeintermsofmitigatinggreenhousegasemissionsandenhancingclimat

9、eresilience,isnotonlydrivenbyChinasdomesticneedsforsustainabledevelopmentinensuringitseconomicsecurity,energysecurity,ecologicalsecurity,foodsecurityaswellasthesafetyofpeopleslifeandpropertyandtoachievesustainabledevelopment,butalsodrivenbyitssenseofresponsibilitytofullyengageinglobalgovernance,tofo

10、rgeacommunityofshareddestinyforhumankindandtopromotecommondevelopmentforallhumanbeings.根據(jù)公約締約方會(huì)議相關(guān)決定，在此提出中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的強(qiáng)化行動(dòng)和措施，作為中國(guó)為實(shí)現(xiàn)公約第二條所確定目標(biāo)做出的、反映中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化最大努力的國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)，同時(shí)提出中國(guó)對(duì)2015年協(xié)議談判的意見(jiàn)，以推動(dòng)巴黎會(huì)議取得圓滿成功。InaccordancewithrelevantdecisionsoftheConferenceofthePartiestotheConvention,Chinaherebypresentsitsenh

11、ancedactionsandmeasuresonclimatechangeasitsnationallydeterminedcontributionstowardsachievingtheobjectivesetoutinArticle2oftheConvention,whichrepresentitsutmosteffortsinaddressingclimatechange,andcontributesitsviewsonthe2015agreementnegotiationswithaviewtomakingtheParisConferenceagreatsuccess.一、中國(guó)強(qiáng)化應(yīng)

12、對(duì)氣候變化行動(dòng)目標(biāo)EnhancedActionsonClimateChange長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中國(guó)高度重視氣候變化問(wèn)題，把積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作為國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略，把綠色低碳發(fā)展作為生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容，采取了一系列行動(dòng)，為應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。2009年向國(guó)際社會(huì)宣布：到2020年單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%45%，非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到15%左右，森林面積比2005年增加4000萬(wàn)公頃，森林蓄積量比2005年增加13億立方米。積極實(shí)施中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)家方案、“十二五”控制溫室氣體排放工作方案、“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案、節(jié)能減排“十二五”

13、規(guī)劃、20142015年節(jié)能減排低碳發(fā)展行動(dòng)方案和國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化規(guī)劃（20142020年）。加快推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和能源結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，大力開(kāi)展節(jié)能減碳和生態(tài)建設(shè)，在7個(gè)省（市）開(kāi)展碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)，在42個(gè)?。ㄊ校╅_(kāi)展低碳試點(diǎn)，探索符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的低碳發(fā)展新模式。2014年，中國(guó)單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降33.8%，非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到11.2%，森林面積比2005年增加2160萬(wàn)公頃，森林蓄積量比2005年增加21.88億立方米，水電裝機(jī)達(dá)到3億千瓦（是2005年的2.57倍），并網(wǎng)風(fēng)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到9581萬(wàn)千瓦（是2005年的90倍），光伏裝機(jī)達(dá)到2805萬(wàn)千瓦（是2005

14、年的400倍），核電裝機(jī)達(dá)到1988萬(wàn)千瓦（是2005年的2.9倍）。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家適應(yīng)氣候變化戰(zhàn)略，著力提升應(yīng)對(duì)極端氣候事件能力，重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域適應(yīng)氣候變化取得積極進(jìn)展。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化能力建設(shè)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，實(shí)施中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化科技專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，科技支撐能力得到增強(qiáng)。Chinaattachesgreatimportancetoaddressingclimatechangesincelong,makingitasignificantnationalstrategyforitssocialandeconomicdevelopmentandpromotinggreenandlow-carbondevelopment

15、asimportantcomponentoftheecologicalcivilizationprocess.Ithasalreadytakenaseriesofclimateactionswhichrepresentasignificantcontributiontocombatingtheglobalclimatechange.In2009,Chinaannouncedinternationallythatby2020itwilllowercarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40%to45%fromthe2005level,increasetheshar

16、eofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoabout15%andincreasetheforestedareaby40millionhectaresandtheforeststockvolumeby1.3billioncubicmeterscomparedtothe2005levels.Inthisconnection,ChinahasenactedandimplementedtheNationalProgramonClimateChange,theWorkPlanforControllingGreenhouseGasEmissionsduri

17、ngthe12thFive-YearPlanPeriod,theComprehensiveWorkPlanforEnergyConservationandEmissionReductionforthe12thFiveYearPlanPeriod,the12thFiveYearPlanforEnergyConservationandEmissionReduction,the2014-2015ActionPlanforEnergyConservation,EmissionReductionandLow-CarbonDevelopment,andtheNationalPlanonClimateCha

18、nge（2014-2020）.Chinahasacceleratedtheadjustmentofitsindustryandenergystructuresandinvestedgreateffortsinimprovingenergyefficiency,loweringcarbonemissionsandenhancingtheecosystem.Chinahasinitiatedcarbonemissiontradingpilotsin7provincesandcitiesandlow-carbondevelopmentpilotsin42provincesandcitiestoexp

19、loreanewmodeoflow-carbondevelopmentconsistentwithitsprevailingnationalcircumstances.By2014thefollowinghasbeenachieved:一CarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPis33.8%lowerthanthe2005level;一Theshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionis11.2%;一Theforestedareaandforeststockvolumeareincreasedrespective

20、lyby21.6millionhectaresand2.188billioncubicmeterscomparedtothe2005levels;一Theinstalledcapacityofhydropoweris300gigawatts(2.57timesofthatfor2005);一Theinstalledcapacityofon-gridwindpoweris95.81gigawatts(90timesofthatfor2005);一Theinstalledcapacityofsolarpoweris28.05gigawatts(400timesofthatfor2005);and一

21、Theinstalledcapacityofnuclearpoweris19.88gigawatts(2.9timesofthatfor2005).ChinaisacceleratingtheimplementationoftheNationalStrategyforClimateAdaptation,andimprovingitscapacitytorespondtoextremeclimaticeventsandmakingpositiveprogressinkeyareasofclimatechangeadaptation.Capacitybuildingoncombatingclima

22、techangeisfurtherstrengthened.SupportsintermsofscienceandtechnologyarefurtherenhancedbyimplementingChinasScienceandTechnologyActionsonClimateChange.面向未來(lái)，中國(guó)已經(jīng)提出了到2020年全面建成小康社會(huì)，到本世紀(jì)中葉建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的奮斗目標(biāo)；明確了轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、建設(shè)生態(tài)文明、走綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的政策導(dǎo)向，努力協(xié)同推進(jìn)新型工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、信息化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和綠色化。中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境基本國(guó)策，堅(jiān)持減緩與適應(yīng)氣候變

23、化并重，堅(jiān)持科技創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新和體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新，加快能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)革命，不斷調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)、提高能源效率、增加森林碳匯，有效控制溫室氣體排放，努力走一條符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)進(jìn)步與應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化多贏的可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。Lookingintothefuture,Chinahasdefinedasitsstrategicgoalstocompletetheconstructionofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundwayby2020andtocreateaprosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyde

24、velopedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrybythemiddleofthiscentury.Ithasidentifiedtransformingtheeconomicdevelopmentpattern,constructingecologicalcivilizationandholdingtoagreen,low-carbonandrecycleddevelopmentpathasitspolicyorientation.Newindustrialization,urbanization,informatization,agriculturalmo

25、dernizationandgreenisationwillbepromotedinacoordinatedmanner.Resourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionhavebecomethecardinalnationalpolicy,placingmitigationandadaptationonequalfooting,promotinginnovationinscienceandtechnologyandputtinginplacethenecessarymanagementandregulatorymechanismsandsystem

26、s.Chinawillacceleratethetransformationofenergyproductionandconsumptionandcontinuetorestructureitseconomy,optimizetheenergymix,improveenergyefficiencyandincreaseitsforestcarbonsinks,withaviewtoefficientlymitigatinggreenhousegasemissions.Chinaismakingeffortstoembarkonasustainabledevelopmentpaththatisi

27、nlinewithitsnationalcircumstancesandleadstomultiplewinsintermsofeconomicdevelopment,socialprogressandcombatingclimatechange.根據(jù)自身國(guó)情、發(fā)展階段、可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和國(guó)際責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)，中國(guó)確定了到2030年的自主行動(dòng)目標(biāo)：二氧化碳排放2030年左右達(dá)到峰值并爭(zhēng)取盡早達(dá)峰；單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降60%65%，非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到20%左右，森林蓄積量比2005年增加45億立方米左右。中國(guó)還將繼續(xù)主動(dòng)適應(yīng)氣候變化，在農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、水資源等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和城

28、市、沿海、生態(tài)脆弱地區(qū)形成有效抵御氣候變化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的機(jī)制和能力，逐步完善預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)警和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系。Basedonitsnationalcircumstances,developmentstage,sustainabledevelopmentstrategyandinternationalresponsibility,Chinahasnationallydetermineditsactionsby2030asfollows:一Toachievethepeakingofcarbondioxideemissionsaround2030andmakingbesteffortstopeakearly;一Tol

29、owercarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby60%to65%fromthe2005level;一Toincreasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoaround20%;and一Toincreasetheforeststockvolumebyaround4.5billioncubicmetersonthe2005level.Moreover,Chinawillcontinuetoproactivelyadapttoclimatechangebyenhancingmechanismsand

30、capacitiestoeffectivelydefendagainstclimatechangerisksinkeyareassuchasagriculture,forestryandwaterresources,aswellasincities,coastalandecologicallyvulnerableareasandtoprogressivelystrengthenearlywarningandemergencyresponsesystemsanddisasterpreventionandreductionmechanisms.二、中國(guó)強(qiáng)化應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化行動(dòng)政策和措施Policesa

31、ndMeasurestoImplementEnhancedActionsonClimateChange千里之行，始于足下。為實(shí)現(xiàn)到2030年的應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化自主行動(dòng)目標(biāo)，需要在已采取行動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上，持續(xù)不斷地做出努力，在體制機(jī)制、生產(chǎn)方式、消費(fèi)模式、經(jīng)濟(jì)政策、科技創(chuàng)新、國(guó)際合作等方面進(jìn)一步采取強(qiáng)化政策和措施。Aone-thousand-milejourneystartsfromthefirststep.Toachievethenationallydeterminedactionobjectivesonclimatechangeby2030,Chinaneeds,buildingonactionsa

32、lreadytaken,tomakeasustainedeffortinfurtherimplementingenhancedpoliciesandmeasuresinareassuchasregimebuilding,productionmodeandconsumptionpattern,economicpolicy,scienceandtechnologyinnovationandinternationalcooperation.（一）實(shí)施積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化法制建設(shè)。將應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化行動(dòng)目標(biāo)納入國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，研究制定長(zhǎng)期低碳發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和路線圖。落實(shí)國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)氣候

33、變化規(guī)劃（20142020年）和省級(jí)專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃。完善應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化工作格局，發(fā)揮碳排放指標(biāo)的引導(dǎo)作用，分解落實(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化目標(biāo)任務(wù)，健全應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和低碳發(fā)展目標(biāo)責(zé)任評(píng)價(jià)考核制度。ImplementingProactiveNationalStrategiesonClimateChange一Tostrengthenlawsandregulationsonclimatechange;一Tointegrateclimate-change-relatedobjectivesintothenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplans;一ToformulateChinas

34、long-termstrategyandroadmapforlow-carbondevelopment;一ToimplementtheNationalProgramonClimateChange（2014-2020）andprovincialclimateprograms;and一Toimprovetheoveralladministrationofclimate-change-relatedworkandtomakecarbon-emission-relatedindicatorsplayguidingrole,bysubdividingandimplementingclimatechang

35、etargetsandtasks,andimprovingtheperformanceevaluationandaccountabilitysystemonclimatechangeandlow-carbondevelopmenttargets.（二）完善應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化區(qū)域戰(zhàn)略。實(shí)施分類指導(dǎo)的應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化區(qū)域政策，針對(duì)不同主體功能區(qū)確定差別化的減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化目標(biāo)、任務(wù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑。優(yōu)化開(kāi)發(fā)的城市化地區(qū)要嚴(yán)格控制溫室氣體排放；重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)的城市化地區(qū)要加強(qiáng)碳排放強(qiáng)度控制，老工業(yè)基地和資源型城市要加快綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型；農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)要加強(qiáng)開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管制，限制進(jìn)行大規(guī)模工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化開(kāi)發(fā)，加強(qiáng)中小城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃建設(shè)，

36、鼓勵(lì)人口適度集中，積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)?；a(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展；重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)要?jiǎng)澏ㄉ鷳B(tài)紅線，制定嚴(yán)格的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展目錄，限制新上高碳項(xiàng)目，對(duì)不符合主體功能定位的產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)行退出機(jī)制，因地制宜發(fā)展低碳特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。ImprovingRegionalStrategiesonClimateChange-Toimplementregionalizedclimatechangepoliciestohelpidentifydifferentiatedtargets,tasksandapproachesofclimatechangemitigationandadaptationfordifferentdevelopment-p

37、lanningzones;一TostrictlycontrolgreenhousegasemissionsinUrbanizedZonesforOptimizedDevelopment;一ToenhancecarbonintensitycontrolinUrbanizedZonesforFocusedDevelopmentandtoaccelerategreenandlow-carbontransformationinoldindustrialbasesandresource-basedcities;一Toenhancethecontrolofdevelopmentintensity,toli

38、mitlarge-scaleindustrializationandurbanization,tostrengthentheplanningandconstructionofmedium-and-small-sizedtowns,toencouragemoderateconcentrationofpopulationandtoactivelypushforwardtheappropriatescaleproductionandindustrializationofagricultureinMajorAgriculturalProductionZones;一Todefineecologicalr

39、edlines,toformulatestrictcriteriaforindustrialdevelopmentandtoconstrainthedevelopmentofanynewcarbonintensiveprojectsinKeyEcologicalZones;and一Tointroduceawithdrawalmechanismforthoseindustriesthatdonotmatchwithfunctionsofdevelopment-planningzonesandtodeveloplow-carbonindustriesinlinewithlocalcondition

40、sandcircumstances.（三）構(gòu)建低碳能源體系?？刂泼禾肯M(fèi)總量，加強(qiáng)煤炭清潔利用，提高煤炭集中高效發(fā)電比例，新建燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組平均供電煤耗要降至每千瓦時(shí)300克標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤左右。擴(kuò)大天然氣利用規(guī)模，到2020年天然氣占一次能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到10%以上，煤層氣產(chǎn)量力爭(zhēng)達(dá)到300億立方米。在做好生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和移民安置的前提下積極推進(jìn)水電開(kāi)發(fā)，安全高效發(fā)展核電，大力發(fā)展風(fēng)電，加快發(fā)展太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電，積極發(fā)展地?zé)崮堋⑸镔|(zhì)能和海洋能。到2020年，風(fēng)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到2億千瓦，光伏裝機(jī)達(dá)到1億千瓦左右，地?zé)崮芾靡?guī)模達(dá)到5000萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。加強(qiáng)放空天然氣和油田伴生氣回收利用。大力發(fā)展分布式能源，加強(qiáng)智能電網(wǎng)建

41、設(shè)。BuildingLow-CarbonEnergySystem一Tocontroltotalcoalconsumption;一Toenhancethecleanuseofcoal;一Toincreasetheshareofconcentratedandhighly-efficientelectricitygenerationfromcoal;一Tolowercoalconsumptionofelectricitygenerationofnewlybuiltcoal-firedpowerplantstoaround300gramscoalequivalentperkilowatt-hour;一

42、Toexpandtheuseofnaturalgas:by2020,achievingmorethan10%shareofnaturalgasconsumptionintheprimaryenergyconsumptionandmakingeffortstoreach30billioncubicmetersofcoal-bedmethaneproduction;一Toproactivelypromotethedevelopmentofhydropower,onthepremiseofecologicalandenvironmentalprotectionandinhabitantresettl

43、ement;一Todevelopnuclearpowerinasafeandefficientmanner;一Toscaleupthedevelopmentofwindpower;一Toacceleratethedevelopmentofsolarpower;一Toproactivelydevelopgeothermalenergy,bio-energyandmaritimeenergy;一Toachievetheinstalledcapacityofwindpowerreaching200gigawatts,theinstalledcapacityofsolarpowerreachingar

44、ound100gigawattsandtheutilizationofthermalenergyreaching50milliontonscoalequivalentby2020;一Toenhancetherecoveryandutilizationofventgasandoilfield-associatedgas;and一Toscaleupdistributedenergyandstrengthentheconstructionofsmartgrid.（四）形成節(jié)能低碳的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。堅(jiān)持走新型工業(yè)化道路，大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，修訂產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整指導(dǎo)目錄，嚴(yán)控高耗能、高排放行業(yè)擴(kuò)張，加

45、快淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。到2020年，力爭(zhēng)使戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到15%。推進(jìn)工業(yè)低碳發(fā)展，實(shí)施工業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化行動(dòng)方案（20122020年），制定重點(diǎn)行業(yè)碳排放控制目標(biāo)和行動(dòng)方案，研究制定重點(diǎn)行業(yè)溫室氣體排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過(guò)節(jié)能提高能效，有效控制電力、鋼鐵、有色、建材、化工等重點(diǎn)行業(yè)排放，加強(qiáng)新建項(xiàng)目碳排放管理，積極控制工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程溫室氣體排放。構(gòu)建循環(huán)型工業(yè)體系，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)循環(huán)化改造。加大再生資源回收利用，提高資源產(chǎn)出率。逐漸減少二氟一氯甲烷受控用途的生產(chǎn)和使用，到2020年在基準(zhǔn)線水平（2010年產(chǎn)量）上產(chǎn)量減少35%、2025年減少67.5%

46、，三氟甲烷排放到2020年得到有效控制。推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)低碳發(fā)展，到2020年努力實(shí)現(xiàn)化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長(zhǎng)；控制稻田甲烷和農(nóng)田氧化亞氮排放，構(gòu)建循環(huán)型農(nóng)業(yè)體系，推動(dòng)秸稈綜合利用、農(nóng)林廢棄物資源化利用和畜禽糞便綜合利用。推進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)低碳發(fā)展，積極發(fā)展低碳商業(yè)、低碳旅游、低碳餐飲，大力推動(dòng)服務(wù)業(yè)節(jié)能降碳。BuildingEnergyEfficientandLow-CarbonIndustrialSystem一Toembarkonanewpathofindustrialization,developingacirculareconomy,optimizingtheindustrialstructure,rev

47、isingtheguidancecatalogueoftheadjustmentofindustrialstructure,strictlycontrollingthetotalexpansionofindustrieswithextensiveenergyconsumptionandemissions,acceleratingtheeliminationofoutdatedproductioncapacityandpromotingthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandstrategicemergingindustries;一Topromotetheshareo

48、fvalueaddedfromstrategicemergingindustriesreaching15%ofthetotalGDPby2020;一Topromotelow-carbondevelopmentofindustrialsectors,implementingActionPlanofIndustriesAddressingClimateChange(2012-2020)andformulatingcarbonemissioncontroltargetandactionplansinkeyindustries;一Toresearchandformulategreenhousegase

49、missionstandardsforkeyindustries;-Toeffectivelycontrolemissionsfromkeysectorsincludingpower,ironandsteel,nonferrousmetal,buildingmaterialsandchemicalindustriesthroughenergyconservationandefficiencyimprovement;Tostrengthenthemanagementofcarbonemissionsfornewprojectsandtoactivelycontrolgreenhousegasem

50、issionsoriginatingfromtheindustrialproductionprocess;Toconstructarecycling-basedindustrialsystem,promotingrecyclingrestructureinindustrialparks,increasingtherecyclingandutilizationofrenewableresourcesandimprovingtheproductionrateofresource;TophasedowntheproductionandconsumptionofHCFC-22forcontrolled

51、uses,withitsproductiontobereducedby35%fromthe2010levelby2020,andby67.5%by2025andtoachieveeffectivecontrolonemissionsofHFC-23by2020;Topromotethelow-carbondevelopmentinagriculture,makingeffortstoachievezerogrowthoffertilizerandpesticideutilizationby2020;Tocontrolmethaneemissionsfromricefieldsandnitrou

52、soxideemissionsfromfarmland;Toconstructarecyclableagriculturesystem,promotingcomprehensiveutilizationofstraw,reutilizationofagriculturalandforestrywastesandcomprehensiveutilizationofanimalwaste;andTopromotelow-carbondevelopmentofserviceindustry,activelydevelopinglow-carbonbusiness,tourismandfoodserv

53、iceandvigorouslypromotingserviceindustriestoconserveenergyandreducecarbonemissions.控制建筑和交通領(lǐng)域排放。堅(jiān)持走新型城鎮(zhèn)化道路，優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)體系和城市空間布局，將低碳發(fā)展理念貫穿城市規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、管理全過(guò)程，倡導(dǎo)產(chǎn)城融合的城市形態(tài)。強(qiáng)化城市低碳化建設(shè)，提高建筑能效水平和建筑工程質(zhì)量，延長(zhǎng)建筑物使用壽命，加大既有建筑節(jié)能改造力度，建設(shè)節(jié)能低碳的城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。促進(jìn)建筑垃圾資源循環(huán)利用，強(qiáng)化垃圾填埋場(chǎng)甲烷收集利用。加快城鄉(xiāng)低碳社區(qū)建設(shè)，推廣綠色建筑和可再生能源建筑應(yīng)用，完善社區(qū)配套低碳生活設(shè)施，探索社區(qū)低碳化運(yùn)營(yíng)管理模式。

54、到2020年，城鎮(zhèn)新建建筑中綠色建筑占比達(dá)到50%。構(gòu)建綠色低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系，優(yōu)化運(yùn)輸方式，合理配置城市交通資源，優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通，鼓勵(lì)開(kāi)發(fā)使用新能源車船等低碳環(huán)保交通運(yùn)輸工具，提升燃油品質(zhì)，推廣新型替代燃料。到2020年，大中城市公共交通占機(jī)動(dòng)化出行比例達(dá)到30%。推進(jìn)城市步行和自行車交通系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，倡導(dǎo)綠色出行。加快智慧交通建設(shè)，推動(dòng)綠色貨運(yùn)發(fā)展。ControllingEmissionsfromBuildingandTransportationSectors一Toembarkonanewpatternofurbanization,optimizingtheurbansystemandspac

55、elayout,integratingthelow-carbondevelopmentconceptintheentireprocessofurbanplanning,constructionandmanagementandpromotingtheurbanformthatintegratesindustriesintocities;-Toenhancelow-carbonizedurbanization,improvingenergyefficiencyofbuildingandthequalityofbuildingconstruction,extendingbuildingslifesp

56、ans,intensifyingenergyconservationtransformationforexistingbuildings,buildingenergy-savingandlow-carboninfrastructures,promotingthereutilizationofbuildingwastesandintensifyingtherecoveryandutilizationofmethanefromlandfills;Toacceleratetheconstructionoflow-carboncommunitiesinbothurbanandruralareas,pr

57、omotingtheconstructionofgreenbuildingsandtheapplicationofrenewableenergyinbuildings,improvinglow-carbonsupportingfacilitiesforequippingcommunitiesandexploringmodesoflow-carboncommunityoperationandmanagement;Topromotetheshareofgreenbuildingsinnewlybuiltbuildingsofcitiesandtownsreaching50%by2020;Todev

58、elopagreenandlow-carbontransportationsystem,optimizingmeansoftransportation,properlyallocatingpublictransportresourcesincities,givingprioritytothedevelopmentofpublictransportationandencouragingthedevelopmentanduseoflow-carbonandenvironment-friendlymeansoftransport,suchasnewenergyvehicleandvessel;Toi

59、mprovethequalityofgasolineandtopromotenewtypesofalternativefuels;Topromotetheshareofpublictransportinmotorizedtravelinbig-and-medium-sizedcitiesreaching30%by2020;Topromotethedevelopmentofdedicatedtransportsystemforpedestriansandbicyclesincitiesandtoadvocategreentravel;andToacceleratethedevelopmentof

60、smarttransportandgreenfreighttransport.（六）努力增加碳匯。大力開(kāi)展造林綠化，深入開(kāi)展全民義務(wù)植樹(shù)，繼續(xù)實(shí)施天然林保護(hù)、退耕還林還草、京津風(fēng)沙源治理、防護(hù)林體系建設(shè)、石漠化綜合治理、水土保持等重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，著力加強(qiáng)森林撫育經(jīng)營(yíng)，增加森林碳匯。加大森林災(zāi)害防控，強(qiáng)化森林資源保護(hù)，減少毀林排放。加大濕地保護(hù)與恢復(fù)，提高濕地儲(chǔ)碳功能。繼續(xù)實(shí)施退牧還草，推行草畜平衡，遏制草場(chǎng)退化，恢復(fù)草原植被，加強(qiáng)草原災(zāi)害防治和農(nóng)田保育，提升土壤儲(chǔ)碳能力。IncreasingCarbonSinks一Tovigorouslyenhanceafforestation,promot