人教版原創(chuàng)整理人教版高中英語(必修)第二冊(cè)(下)Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案

1、江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案.BriefStatementsBasedontheUnitTheUnitedStatesofAmericaisadevelopedcountryandalsoaboomingcountry,whichhasahistoryofonly200300years.AftertheUSAwasfounded,theAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861,whichbroughtsufferingtothepeopleoftheUSA,especiallythosein

2、theSouth.RebuildingtheSouthbecameanessentialtaskatthattime.ThisunitmainlytalksabouttherebuildinganddevelopmentoftheAmericanSouth.AndAtlantaisagoodillustration.ItalsodealswiththebisonontheplainsofAmerica.BecausethebisonwaskilledinhugenumbersbyEuropeansettlers,thebalanceofthewholewildlifewasdestroyed.

3、Afterlearningtheunit,weletthestudentslearnabouttheearlyhistoryofAmerica.Besides,someusefulexpressionsandphrasesshouldbemastered,andNon-finiteverbsneedtobereviewed,especiallytheirpassiveforms.TeachingGoals1.TalkabouttheUSA.2.Practisedescribingplaces.3.ReviewNon-finiteVerbs(2).4.Writeacomparisonessay.

4、BackgroundInformation1.TheAmericanCivilWarThewarof18611865betweenthenorthernstates(theUnion)andthesouthernstates(theConfederacy)isalsocalledtheWarbetweentheStatesortheWaroftheRebellion.Thereweremanycauses,ofwhichthemostimportantweredisagreementoverslavery,andthequarrelconcerningFederalcontrolandStat

5、esRights.ThedirectcauseofthewarwastheelectionofLincolnasPresident;thiswasfollowedbythesecessionofthesouthernstatesfromtheUnionandthefoundingoftheConfederacy,withJeffersonDavisasitsPresident.TheNorthhadmanyadvantages,afargreaterpopulation,morerailwaylines,andmorefactories.ButtheConfederatesfoughthard

6、andwereatfirstsuccessful:theywonthebattlesofBullRunandFredericksburg;butthenLeewasdefeatedatGettysburgandtheUnionarmyledbyGrantwoncontrolofMississippi.AdmiralFarragantforcedNewOrleanstosurrender:Texas,ArkansasandLouisianawerecutofffromtherestoftheConfederacy.AftertheUnionwontheVicksburgcampaign,Sher

7、manmadehismarchthroughGeorgiatothesea,andLeesurrenderedtoGrantatAppomattonCourtHouse,Virginia,onApril9,1865.Lincolnwasassassinatedinthesamemonth.Slaverywasdeclaredunconstitutional.Theperiodafterthewar(Reconstruction),whentheSouthwasoccupiedbytheWorth,leftbitternessthathasnotyetentirelyvanished.Durin

8、gReconstructionthesouthernstateswereadmittedbackintotheUnion.2.TheWarofAmericanIndependence(AlsocalledtheRevolutionaryWar17751783)ThestruggleofthethirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericaforindependenceendedintheformingoftheUSA.ThemaincausesofthewarweretaxesimposedbytheBritishgovernment,e.g.theStampTaxo

9、f1765andtheTeaTax.Thecoloniesrebelledin1775;thefirstshotswerefiredatLexington,andtheFirstbattlewasfaughtatBunkerHill.ThecontinentalCongressappointedGeneralWashingtonasleaderofitsforces,andissuedtheDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4,1776.GeneralBurgoyneledaBritisharmydownfromCanadabutwas第1頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中

10、學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案forcedtosurrenderatSaratoga(Oct.1777).HewassupposedtomeetthearmyofGeneralHowe,whomanagedtooccupyPhiladelphia.Washingtonspentthehardwinterof17771778atValleyForge,andhaddifficultyinkeepinghismentogether,France(1778),Spain(1779)andtheNetherlands(1780)joinedthewaragainstBritain.Britishfo

11、rcesunderCornwalliswonvictoriesintheSouthwhereBritainhadsomepopularsupport,butCornwalliswasdefeatedatYorktown,Virginia,andforcedtosurrender(Oct.19/1781),whichpracticallybroughtthewartoanend.Atsea,Britainhadtofighttokeephernavalsupremacy,butafterYorktowntheAmericanportswerelostonebyone.Thewarwasended

12、bytheTreatyofParis,1783,whichrecognizedtheindependenceoftheUSA.3.SlaveryintheUnitedStatesTheAfricanancestors(祖先)oftodaysblackAmericanswerebroughttotheUSasslavesintheseventeenth,eighteenth,andnineteenthcenturies.Theyworkedonfarms,especiallythelargefarmsinthesouthernstates.Slowlytheybecameanecessarypa

13、rtoftheeconomic(經(jīng)濟(jì))system(體制)oftheSouth.Slavesdidnothavetherightofpeople;accordingtothelaw,theywerea“thing”whichbelongedtothepersonwhoboughtthem.Theyhadtoobeytheordersoftheirownerswithoutquestions.Theywerenotallowedtolearntoread;theirownersfearedtheeducatedslaveswouldbegintothinkabouttheinjusticeoft

14、hesystemandwouldlearntostrugglefortheirfreedom.Slaveshadtoworklonghoursinveryunhealthyconditions.Theirownershadcompletepoweroverthem.Theycouldbeboughtandsoldlikeanimals.Attheslavemarkets,blackchildrenwereseparatedfromtheirparentsandneverallowedtoseethemagain.Slaveownershadtherighttopunishtheslaveswh

15、obrokethelaworwasagainstthesystem.Slaveswereoftenbeatenorevenkilledbytheirowners.AftertheCivilWar,onefreeslavereportedthathisownerkilledanolderslavewhowasteachinghimtoread.Intheoryanownerwhotreatedaslavebadlycouldbepunished.Inpractice,however,thelawmeantnothing.Oppositiontoslaverybeganveryearlyinthe

16、historyoftheUSin1671butlittleprogresswasmadeuntilthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury.By1804slaverywasillegal(非法的)inthenorthernstates.Butitcontinued,andevengrew,inthesouthernstates,whichdependedoncottonfortheireconomicwealth.Slavery,endedintheSouthonlyaftertheCivilWar.Forblacks,however,theendofslavery

17、wasonlyabeginning,thelatebeginningofalonganddifficultstrugglefortruejustice.TeachingTime:FiveperiodsTheFirstPeriodTeachingAims:1.LearnabouttheUSA.2.Dosomelistening.3.Practisedescribingplacestotrainthestudentsspeakingability.TeachingImportantPoints:1.Trainthestudentslisteningability.2.Improvethestude

18、ntsspeakingabilitybypractisingdescribingplacesusingthefollowingusefulsentencepatterns:Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe?第2頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案Itsmetres/feetlong/wide/high/tall.ThereisintheNorth.ItlookslikeTeachingDifficultPoints:1.Howtoimprovethestudentslisteningability.2.Howtohelpthestudentscarr

19、youtthetaskofspeaking.TeachingMethods:1.Listening-and-answeringactivitytohelpthestudentsgothroughwiththelisteningmaterial.2.DiscussiontohelpthestudentslearnabouttheUS.3.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudenthaveachancetoworkinclass.TeachingAids:1.themultimedia2.theblackboardTeachingProcedures:

20、StepGreetingsGreetthewholeclassasusual.StepLead-inT：Now,letsbeginourclass.First,Illgiveyousomeinformationaboutthehistoryofacountry.Pleaseguesswhichcountryitis.Listencarefully.Itisaveryyoungcountryintheworld,whichhasonlyahistoryof200300years.MostpeopleinthecountryareimmigratesTheheadofficeoftheUNwass

21、etupthere.TwoWorldWarsdidnttakeplacethere.Nowitisthestrongestcountryoftheworld.Canyouguessit?Ss:Yes.TheUSA.StepWarming-upT:Youreright.TodayweregoingtolearnUnit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(Bb:Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica).Now,letshaveaquiztoseehowmuchyouknowabouttheUSA.(Teachershowsthefollowingonthes

22、creen.)Decideifthefollowingsentencesaretrueorfalse.Write“T”or“F”inthebrackets.1.NewYorkisthelargeststateintheUS.()2.MoststatenamescomefromSpanishorEnglish.()3.Atlantaisknownasthe“BigApple”.()4.TheConstitutionwaswrittenin1779.()5.Thereare52starsontheAmericanflag.()6.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstAmerica

23、nPresident.()7.ThefirstsettlersarrivedinNorthAmericaabout30000yearsago.()8.TheMississippiRiveristhelongestriverintheworld.()T:Well,pleasedoitbyyourselves.Afterawhile,Illcheckyouranswers.Isthatclear?Ss:Yes.(Afterafewminutes,teacherchecksthestudentsanswers.)T:Thefirstone,trueorfalse?S1:False.T:Pleasec

24、orrectit.S1:NewYorkisthelargestcityintheUS.第3頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案T:Good.Thesecondone?S2:True.T:Whataboutthethirdone?S3:False.NewYorkisknownasthe“BigApple”.Suggestedanswers:4.FTheConstitutionwaswrittenin1787.5.FThereare50starsontheAmericanflag.6.T7.T8.FTheMississippiisoneoftheimportantrivers

25、intheworld.T:Agoodjob!Now,openyourbooksandturntoPage41.PleaselookatthemapoftheUSAandfindoutthefollowingcitiesandstates:NewYork,Washington,Florida,Taxas,California,Alaska.(Afewminuteslater,teachersaysthefollowing.)T:Pleaselookatthefirstpicture.Whatplaceisit?Anyvolunteer?S4:ItisthefamousWhiteHouse,whe

26、rethepresidentoftheUSworksandliveswithhisfamily.T:Doyouknowhowitgotitsname?S4:No.T:Whoknows?S5:Atfirst,itwasmadeofgraystoneandcalledthePresidentsPalace.Duringthewarof1812,itwasburnedbyBritishsoldiers.Afterwards,itwasrebuilt.Thewallswerepaintedwhitetocoverupmarksleftbythefire.Thenpeoplebegancallingth

27、ePresidentsPalacetheWhiteHouse.Thenamecaughtonandhasremainedinuseeversince.T:Wonderful!Next,letslookatthesecondpicture.Itisafamouscity,whichisit?S6:NewYork.T:Right.Canyouguesswhenthepicturewastaken?S6:IthinkitwastakenbeforethedateSeptember11,2001.T:Howdoyouknow?S6:Becauseinthepicture,wecanseemanysky

28、scrapers.Amongthem,theWorldTradeCentreandtheEmpireStateBuildingaremostfamous,butnowtheWorldTradeCentrehasalreadygone.Itwasexplodedbyterrorists.T:Oh,Whatapity!DoyouknowanythingelseaboutNewYork?Ss:No.T:NewYorkisAmericasculturalcapital,wherethereisthestatueofLiberty,theskyscrapers,thebeautifulshopsonFi

29、fthAvenue,andthemanytheatresonBroadway.Manhattan,thesmallestislandinNewYork,istherealcentreofthecity.Whenpeoplesay“NewYorkCity”theyusuallymeanManhattan.In1605,thefirstEuropeanscametoManhattanfromHolland.TheyboughttheislandfromtheAmericanIndiansforafewglassnecklaces,worthabout$26.Themostcrowdedpartof

30、NewYorkisperhapsHarlem,wheremostBlackAmericanslive.ThecrimerateisamongthehighestintheWesternworld.Ihopeonedaysomeofyouwillhaveachancetovisitit.Doyouhaveenoughconfidence?第4頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案Ss:Yes.T:OK.Now,workinpairsorgroups.MakealistofthingsyouknowabouttheUSAandwhatyoudliketoknowmoreabou

31、t.(Teachermayencouragethestudentstomakeachart.Severalminuteslater,teachercollectstheircharts.)Samplediagram:StepListeningT:OK.WehavetalkedmoreabouttheUSA.NowletslistentoaradioprogrammeaboutNewYorktohelpWangXiaocorrecttheerrorsinhernotes.Turntothenextpage.LetslookatEx.1inthelisteningpart.Herearetheno

32、testakenbyWangXiaoafterhelistenstoaradioprogrammeaboutNewYork.Firstreaditbyyourself.ThenIllplaythetapeforyoutolisten.Afterthat,pleasecorrecthiserrors.(Teacherplaysthetapeforthefirsttime.Afterplayingit,teachergivesthestudentsoneortwominutestodoEx.1.Atlast,teachercheckstheanswerswiththewholeclass.)T:O

33、K.Nowletslistentothetapeagainandthenanswersomeconcernedquestions.Beforelistening,youneedtogothroughwiththequestions.(Teachergivesthestudentsoneminutetoreadthequestions.Thenplaythetapeforthesecondtime.Afterthat,givethestudentsenoughtimeto第5頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案discusstheanswersandcheckthem.)T

34、:Welldone.PleaselistentoPart2ofthelisteningmaterialandthenchoosethebestanswerstothequestioninEx.3.(TeacherdealswithEx.3inthesameway.Ifnecessary,playthetapeagain.)StepSpeakingT:Everyoneloveshisownhometown,whichisbeautifulintheirhearts.Now,letstalkaboutourhometown.Tellmewhereyourhometownis,WangKai.S7:

35、MyhometownliesontheplainofNorthChina.T:Arethereanymountains,riversorforests?S7:Yes.ThereisthefamousMountTaihangtothewest,FenheRiverinthecentreandarailwayfromDatongtoFenglingduacrossmyhometown.T:Whatdoesthelandscapelooklike?S7:Verybeautiful.Therearethickforests,cleanriversandpleasantclimate.Resources

36、ofmineralsarealsorich,whichiscalled“theSeaofCoal”.Manyplacesofinterest,liketheancientcityPingyao,YungangRockCaveandMountWutaiarefamousintheworld.T:Welldone!Now,lookatthelastpartSpeakingatPage42.Letsdosomespeaking.Chooseoneofthecardsandaskeachotherquestions.Youcanuseamaptohelpyou.Beforespeaking,pleas

37、elookatthesentencepatternsonthescreen.Theymaybeofgreathelptoyou.(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe?Itsmetres/feetlong/wide/high/tall.ThereisintheNorth.ItlookslikeCanyoumakeasentenceusingeachsentencepatternonthescreen?Ss:Yes.T:Whocantrythefirstsentencepattern?S8:Howtall

38、isthebuilding?T:Yes.Answerthequestion,please.S8:Itsabout100feettall.T:Verygood.Makeasentencewiththenextsentencepattern.Anyvolunteer?S9:Thereisafamousmountaininthenorth.T:OK.Sitdown,please.Thelastone?S10:Itlookslikeabirdsnest.T:Goodjob!Now,workinpairstotalkaboutyourhometown.Aterawhile,Illasksomestude

39、ntstoactouttheirdialoguesbeforetheclass.Areyouclearaboutthat?Ss:Yes.T:Begin,please.(Teachergoesamongthestudentsandjoinsthem.)T:(Afterafewminutes)Areyouready?Ss:Yes.T:Whodliketoactoutyourdialogueinfrontoftheclass?(Twostudentsstandupandactouttheirdialoguebeforetheclass.)第6頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案

40、Sampledialogue:A:Couldyoutellmewhereyourhometownis?B:MyhometownisontheplainofNorthChina,whichhasapopulationof5000.A:Isitbeautiful?B:Yes.ItliestotheeastofMountTaihangandwestofHaiheRiver.TherailwayfromBeijingtoGuangzhoucrossesit.Thereisfertileland,richresources,simplepeopleanddevelopedtrade.Itisabrill

41、iantpearlontheplain.A:Verybeautiful!Wouldyouliketotakemetovisityourhometownifpossible?B:Ofcourse.Imgladtoactasyourguide.Whataboutyourhometown?A:OntheLoessPlateauliesmyhometown.B:TheLoessPlateau?Itmustbeveryinaccessibleandbackward.A:No.MyhometownisnotfarfromtheYellowRiver,whichismorethan5000metreslon

42、g.Thetrafficisconvenient,fourseasonsclear,climatecoolandresourcesofmineralsrich,likecoal,ironIbelievemyhometownwillbecomemorebeautifulinthenearfuture.StepSummaryandHomeworkT:Inthisclass,wevemainlylearntsomethingabouttheUSAbyspeakingandlistening.Besides,wevetalkedaboutourhometownusingtheusefulsentenc

43、epatterns,suchas:Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe?Itsmetres/feetlong/wide/high/tall.(Teacherwritesthemontheblackboard.)Afterclass,surftheInternettogetmoreinformationabouttheUSA,suchasthehistoryoftheUSA.Atlast,dontforgettopreviewthereadingpassage.Thatsallfortoday.Classisover.StepTheDesignoftheWritingonthe

44、BlackboardUnit16TheUnitedStatesofAmericaTheFirstPeriodUsefulSentencePatterns:Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe?Itsmetres/feetlong/wide/high/tall.ThereisintheNorth.ItlookslikeReferenceforTeaching.異域風(fēng)情WeddingsintheU.S.WeddingsintheUnitedStatesvaryasmuchasthepeopledo.Therearechurchweddingswithagreatdealoffan

45、fare1;thereareweddingsonmountain-topswithguestsbarefooted2;andtherehavebeenweddingsontheoceanfloorwithoxygentanksfortheguests.Butmanyweddings,nomatterwhereorhowtheyareperformed,includecertaintraditionalcustoms.Beforeacoupleismarried,theybecomeengaged.Andtheninvitationsaresenttothosewholivenearby,the

46、irclosefriendsandtheirrelativeswholivefaraway.Wheneverythingisready,thencomesthemostexcitingmoment.Theweddingitselfusuallylastsbetween20and40minutes.Theweddingpartyentersthechurchwhiletheweddingmarchisplayed.Thebridecarryingabouquetenterslastwithherfatherwhowill“giveheraway”.Thegroomentersthechurchf

47、romasidedoor.Whentheweddingparty第7頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案isgatheredbythealtar3,thebrideandgroomexchangevows.Itistraditionaltousethewords“Tohaveandtoholdfromthisdayforward,forbetter,forworse,forricher,forpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,toloveandtocherish,tilldeathdouspart”.Followingthevows,thecoup

48、leexchangerings.Wearingtheweddingringonthefourthfingerofthelefthandisanoldcustom.Aftertheceremony4thereisoftenaparty,calleda“reception”whichgivestheweddingguestsachancetocongratulatethenewlyweds.Thecarinwhichthecoupleleavesthechurchisdecorated5withballoons,streamersandshavingcream.Thewords“JustMarri

49、ed”arepaintedonthetrunkorbackwindow.Thebrideandgroomruntothecarunderashowerofricethrownbytheweddingguests.Whenthecoupledrivesawayfromthechurch,friendsoftenchasethemincars,honking6anddrawingattentiontothem.Andthenthecouplegoontheirhoneymoon.1.fanfaren.銅管樂聲2.barefootedadj.光著腳的3.altarn.圣壇，祭壇4.ceremonyn

50、.典禮，儀式5.decoratev.裝飾6.honkv.鳴笛.知識(shí)歸納1.淺析非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是該非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，一般要用非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式。如何在句中使用這些被動(dòng)式呢？現(xiàn)分述如下：（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式用作句子的真正主語。如：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.我很榮幸應(yīng)邀在這里講話。Itisnecessaryforustobeconstantlyremindedofourshortcomings.經(jīng)常有人提醒我們自身的缺點(diǎn)是有必要的。用作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語。如：HeaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet

51、.他請(qǐng)求派他到西藏去工作。Hehatedtobeflattered.他討厭別人對(duì)他阿諛奉承。用作表語。如：WhatIwantistobeleftalone.我只想一個(gè)人呆在這里。Thequestioniswhatistobedonenext.問題是下一步該干什么。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Hewantedthepapertobetypedatonce.他要求立刻把文件打出來。tTheydidnexpectthebooktobesowellreceived.他們沒有想到這本書受到讀者如此的厚愛。用作主語補(bǔ)足語。如：第8頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案Thebookarenot

52、allowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.這些書不許帶出閱覽室。Thedateisexpectedtobeannouncedbeforelong.估計(jì)具體日期不久就會(huì)公布于眾的。用作名詞的后置定語。如：Areyougoingtothebanquettobegivenattheembassy?你打算去參加大使館的宴會(huì)嗎？ItwillbethefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.這將是中國工程師設(shè)計(jì)的第一項(xiàng)這種類型的工程。用作狀語。如：Thechildrenaregoingtothehospitaltobei

53、noculated.孩子們將去醫(yī)院打預(yù)防針。Shewasnotoldenoughtobegivensuchheavywork.她年齡還小，不宜讓她干這么重的活。有時(shí)可用不定式的完成被動(dòng)式，表示當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。這樣的被動(dòng)式可在句中充當(dāng)上面所述的各種語法成分。如：Itwasagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.他受到批評(píng)是件好事。（tohavebeencriticized作真正的主語）（2）動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式用作句子的主語。如：Hisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness.主人對(duì)他的冷漠使他更加不舒服。Sobe

54、ingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence.因此被鯊魚吃掉是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事。用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。如：Hedidntmindbeingleftathome.他并不介意把他留在家里。Shecouldntbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.她不能容忍別人如此嘲笑她。WecongratulatedhimonhisbeingadmittedtotheParty.我們祝賀他入黨了。Theyinsistedontheirbeingtreatedasordinaryworkers.他們堅(jiān)持要大家把他們當(dāng)作普通工人看待。如果要表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，則應(yīng)使用動(dòng)

55、名詞的完成被動(dòng)式。如：Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.我不記得誰曾給過我試驗(yàn)這種方法的機(jī)會(huì)。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式用作名詞的后置定語，表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如：Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在修維的那座樓房是我們的圖書館。Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoutinourlaboratory.這是我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室里正在進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)之一。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如：第9頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第

56、二冊(cè)（下）教案Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在議論這個(gè)話題。Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.走近村子時(shí)，我們看到那里正在蓋新房。構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。如：Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldntenterherroom.由于把鑰匙丟了，所以她進(jìn)不了屋。（Thekeyhavingbeenlost作原因狀語）Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.決定作出后

57、，下一個(gè)問題就是如何制定一個(gè)好計(jì)劃。（Thedecisionhavingbeenmade作時(shí)間狀語）2.turn用作名詞，表示“順次”，常見的短語、句型有：(1)byturns輪流、交替e.g.Theywashdishesbyturns.他們輪流洗碗碟。Shewenthotandcoldbyturns.她一陣發(fā)熱，一陣發(fā)冷。(2)inonesturn(常用作插入語)輪到某人也（做某事），也e.g.They,intheirturn,madeaproposal.他們接著也提出了一個(gè)建議。（3）inturn依次，輪流e.g.speakinturn依次發(fā)言Theoryisbasedonpractice

58、andinturnservespractice.理論的基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐，又轉(zhuǎn)過來為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。(4)ontheturn正在轉(zhuǎn)變中；（牛奶）正在變酸e.g.Hisluckisontheturn.他時(shí)來運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。Themilkisontheturn.這牛奶快要變酸了。(5)serveones/sb.sturn合某人之用，有助于達(dá)到某人所要達(dá)到的目的e.g.Thishoewillservemyturn.這把鋤頭我用著合適。(6)taketurns輪流，依次e.g.Thenursesanddoctorstaketurnstobeonnightduty.護(hù)士和醫(yī)生輪流值夜班。(7)Itsonesturntodos

59、th.輪到某人做某事e.g.Itsyourturntokeepguard.輪到你放哨了。.詞語辨析1.liveon,dependon,makealivingbydoingsth.,liveby(1)liveon表示“靠為生/過活”時(shí)，介詞on的賓語一般是維持生命的主要食物和主要經(jīng)濟(jì)來源，也能接人，但表示的是“靠某人的錢生活”之意。如：Idontknowwhatheliveson.第10頁共17頁江蘇省石莊高級(jí)中學(xué)人教版高中英語第二冊(cè)（下）教案我不知道他以何為生。Shestilllivesonherparentswages.=Shestilllivesonherparents.她仍靠她父母的工資

60、生活。(2)如果表達(dá)“靠某人過活”,可用dependon/upon。如：Tomhastodependonhisparents(forsupport).湯姆只好靠他父母過活。Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.小孩的衣食均依賴于父母。3.表示靠某種職業(yè)或工作為生時(shí)，常可用makealivingbydoingsth.或livebydoingsth.。如：Shemakesalivingbyteaching.(=Shelivesbyteaching.)她靠教書為生。2.insiston,stickto,keepon,persistin(1)in