初中賓語從句及練習題

1、賓語從句概念：賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞(引導詞)+賓語從句。主要內(nèi)容：1.由that引導的賓從：當賓語從句是陳述句時(包括肯定句和否定句)，連詞由that引導，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。例句：LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.(林濤覺得他自己的隊伍越來越好了。)Hesaid(that)hewouldliketolookafterhismother.(他說他想去照顧他的媽媽。)在帶有復合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例句:

2、Ithinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.(我認為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的)(3)在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad，pleased，happy等)作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。例句：我們確信我們隊會贏這場比賽。Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.(4)有些介詞，如at,with,expect等，可帶that引導的賓語從句。2.if/whether引導的賓語從句當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導(口語中常用if),因為if/whether翻譯成：“是

3、否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略。Whether,if在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if可以替換。例句：Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試.在以下情況下，whether和if不可以替換：在whetherornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。例句：Idontknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.我不知道那個電影明星是否回來。在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導。例句：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.所有的事情取決于我們是否擁有足

4、夠的時間。和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導.例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.我們決定是否走過來。在動詞后面的賓語從句時例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek.我們討論是否在下周開運動會議。有些形容詞，如sure等，可用whether引導從句，不用if.例句：Wearenotsurewhethertheywillcomeornot.我們不能肯定他們是否會來。3.當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由連接代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)或連接副詞(when,where,how,why)引導，因為

5、連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。例句：Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?你知道他剛才說了什么嗎？Idontrememberwhenwearrived.我不記得我什么時候到的。Idontknowwhyhelookssosad.我不知道他為什么看起來如此悲傷。IaskedhimwhereIcouldborrowsomuchmoney.我問他我從那兒可以借到這么多錢。Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.請告訴我，我必須去看誰。CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHaina

6、n?你能告訴我們飛到海南要花費多少嗎？Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?你能告訴我們你多久去國外度一次假？二、時態(tài)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，(包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等)。例句：我知道他住在那里。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他十年前就住在那里了。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我已經(jīng)聽說他明天會來。Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)(包括一般過去時，過去進行時

7、)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)(包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。我知道誰住在那里。Iknewhelivedhere.我看見她正在跟她媽媽談話。Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.他說他已經(jīng)見過她了。Hesaidthathehadseenher.當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。老師說太陽圍繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)動。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.否定前移若主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose

8、,expect,imagine等后面賓語從句的否定要前移。例句：Idontthinkhewillcomewithyou.我覺得他不會和你一起來的。賓語從句的反義疑問句：(1)主句主語為第一人稱謂語為suppose,think,believe,expect,imagine等詞，與從句保持一致，并且要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移謂語為其他動詞，與主句保持一致Isupposefatherssleeping,isnthe?Idontthinkyouareright,areyou?IsaidthatIwouldcomebacksoon,didntI?主句主語為其他稱，與主句保持一致Hesaidhewantedtogot

9、othezoo,didnthe?四賓語從句的虛擬語氣“wish”后的賓語從句，虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞“be”的過去時態(tài)一律用“were”，賓語從句中的“that”通常可以省略。（a）表示對現(xiàn)在事實的假設(shè)愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時。主語+wish+從句（主語+過去式+.）IwishIwereasyoungasyou.（真希望我能和你一樣年輕。）HowIwishitwerentraining!（現(xiàn)在要是不下雨該多好?。。╞）表示與過去事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時。主語+wish+從句（主語+had+過去分詞+.）IwishIhadbeenherelastnight.（我要是昨

10、晚在這兒就好了。）Hewisheshehadntspentsomuchmoney.（他后悔不該花那么多錢。）IwishIhadlearnedmore.（我多么希望我以前多學一些啊！）（c）表示對將來的不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語用過去將來時。主語+wish+從句（主語+would/could/might+動詞原形）IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.（我希望有一天可以飛到月球上去。）Howshewisheshereyeswouldseeagain!（她多么希望雙眼能重見光明?。。﹚ish&hopewish+從句，表示的是很難不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句必須用虛擬語氣。hope

11、+從句，表示的是有可能實現(xiàn)的事實，從句不能用虛擬語氣。e.g.Hewisheshissonwouldwinthecompetition.他真希望他的兒子在競賽中能夠獲勝。（可惜獲勝不了）Hehopesthathissonwillwinthecompetition.他希望他兒子在競賽中能夠獲勝。（有可能獲勝）表要求、建議、命令的賓語從句一個堅持（insist）兩個命令（order,command）三個建議（suggest,propose,advise）（）2.WedontknowItissaidthathewasborninCanada四個要求（ask,demand,require,reques

12、t）在這些動詞后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞用（should）+do（動詞原形）。在這類句型中只能用should，不可以用would，could，might等別的詞代替。而在現(xiàn)代英語中，should常被省略。特殊：動詞insist和suggest后接賓語從句時若謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣。insist堅持要求；suggest建議若謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。insist堅持認為；suggest表明，認為e.g.HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.（他堅持說我看過他的信。）HeinsistedthatI（sh

13、ould）readhisletter.（他堅持要我看他的信。）Hesuggestedthatwe（should）stayfordinner.（他建議我們留下吃飯。）Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.（他的臉色表明他生氣了。）wouldrather后的賓語從句wouldrather引導的的賓語從句，表示“寧愿、寧可”，語氣較為委婉。wouldrather/wouldsooner/hadratherthat過去發(fā)生過去完成時現(xiàn)在發(fā)生一般過去時將來發(fā)生一般過去時Iwouldratheryouhadntsaidit.（我真希望你沒有這樣說過。）Iwouldratherweh

14、adarestnow.（我希望我們現(xiàn)在休息一下.）Iwouldratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.（但愿你明天早上能在機場見到她.）賓語從句練習題練習一：_.IhavesomegoodnewsforhimB.wheredoesRobertliveD.wheredidRobertlive（）1.Pleasetellme_whereRobertlivesC.whereRobertlivedAwhatheisBwhenhewasbornCwherehecomesfromDifheliveshere（）3.MayIcomein?ImsorryIamla

15、te.TOC o 1-5 h zComein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucametoschool（）4.Couldyoutellme?A.WhenwillMarycomebackB.WhenMarycomesbackC.WhenMarywillcomeback（2008青海省）（）5.Whatdidyousayjustnow?Iasked.A.thatIcouldopenthedoorB.couldIopenthedoo

16、rC.howcouldIopenthedoorD.howIcouldopenthedoor（）6.Doyouknow,Mike?OnMay12th,2008A.whentheearthquaketookplaceinWenChuanwhendidtheearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuanwhentheearthquakewilltakeplaceinWenChuan練習二：Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell.A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorses

17、knowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?Sorry.Idontknow.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad-Couldyoupleasetellme.?BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC

18、.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseumPetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows.A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone-Doyouknow.theCapitalMuseum?-NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisitedHewantedtok

19、now.theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhaveIwanttoknow.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat-David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme.?Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.w

20、hoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis-Couldyoutellme.?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.-Sorry,Ivenoidea.Butheherejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is-DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?-Yes.ShewantedtoknowthisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.w

21、henwillyougoshoppingwithher-Imateenagersmother.SometimesIdontknow.Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmostB.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften.-Iwonder.withoutwaterAboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlivel3.

22、Idontknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.wherel4.Idontknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when練習三：一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復合句。lTheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansou

23、nd.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidntknow.Jackdidntknowthereameetinginfivedays.4CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.IwanttoknowFrench.5Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellmethechildrengames.6Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang_homeworkyet.7Howmanypeoplecanyouseeint

24、hepicture?Whoknows?Whoknowsinthepicture?8Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknowhercar?二、用合適的連接詞填空。Jimtoldmehedidntgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）Doyouknowelseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）Shesaiditwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）Healwaysthinkshecandobetter.（how,who）Ireallydontknowthebridgewil

25、lbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）Theydontknowtogoorwait.（if,whether）Wearetalkingaboutwellgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）IwasreallysurprisedatIsaw.（where,what）Idontknowsomanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）Doyouknowyouarestudyingfor?（why,what）三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tomsmotheraskedhim.（同義句）fTomsmotheraskedh

26、imtotryit.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改為否定句）fIthisagoodidea.Lucycanntdecidewhichbagstobuy.（改為反義疑問句）fLucycanntdecidewhichbagstobuy,IdontknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改為簡單句）fIdontknowtothehospital.Idontsupposetheywillcome,?（改為反意疑問句）四、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。Wearesurethathe(go)toschooltomorrow.Doyouknowwho(be)thefirstm

27、antowalkonthemoon?Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice(is)?Ourfathersaidthathe(will)buyanewcomputer.Ihearthathe(swim)intheseayesterday.參考答案：練習一參考答案：1.A2.C3.A4.C5.D6.A練習二考參考答案1.參考答案A.我的一些朋友對自然科學感興趣，但他們誰也講不出下次不明飛行物出現(xiàn)的時間。賓語從句應該用陳述語序。參考答案D.布朗先生什么時候回中國？抱歉。我不知道他會在國外待多久。賓語從句應該用陳述語序。參考答案D.你能告訴我怎樣到河南博物館(我坐幾路車能到河南博物館)嗎？賓語從句應該用陳述語序。