高考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破定語(yǔ)從句

1、定語(yǔ)從句:定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。一、定語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)備考考點(diǎn) 1：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用以及t 和which 的區(qū)別使用。考點(diǎn) 2：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（最后一節(jié)課講）?？键c(diǎn) 3：“介詞關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系詞 whose 和 which 作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。如：whose bookthe book of whom 等；關(guān)系副詞 when，where，why 和“介詞which”之間的關(guān)系?？键c(diǎn) 4：關(guān)系副

2、詞、關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別運(yùn)用。近幾年來(lái)，關(guān)系詞 where 引導(dǎo)的不表示具體點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句是?？嫉臒狳c(diǎn)，要著重復(fù)習(xí)。二、一眼看穿定語(yǔ)從句（1）（2）定語(yǔ)從句中缺一成分，缺的這個(gè)成分就是先行詞。在所有的從句中，只有定語(yǔ)從句中缺成分。如果從句中卻成分，那一定是定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間沒(méi)有連詞，但是有關(guān)系詞，相當(dāng)于連詞，起連詞的作用。也就是說(shuō)，在兩個(gè)句子之間存在連詞的話，就一定不是定語(yǔ)從句。（3）I.關(guān)系詞（瞻前顧后）關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞Who人主語(yǔ)Do you know the man who is talkingwith your mother?whom, which和t 在從句中做

3、賓語(yǔ) 時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用tWhom人賓語(yǔ)Mr. Smith is thewith whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved diedhewar.Whose人，物定語(yǔ)I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad ismy desk mate.t人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)A plane is a machinet can fly.She is the pop star (t) I want to see

4、very much.Which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about theaccident was terrible.as人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)He ichrson as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lostyesterday.as 做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)系when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I will never fet the day when wemet there.可 用on whichII.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從

5、句的區(qū)別：III.t 與 which, who, whom 的用法區(qū)別：IV.As 與 which 的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有 such 和 the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 as,不能用 whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.t read such books as you cant understand.情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用t 的情況先行詞為 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。先行詞被 all, any, every, each, much, li

6、ttle, no, some, few 等修飾時(shí)先行詞有形容詞和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)先行詞被 the only, the very 修飾時(shí)句中已經(jīng)有 who 或 which 時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)He told me everything t he knows.All the books t you offered has been given out.This is the best film t I have ever read.We talked about thes and thingst we remembered.He is the only mant I want to

7、see.Who is the mant ismaking a speech?只用 which, who, whom 的情況在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用 which指代物，用who/whom 指人在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which 指物，whom 指人。先行詞本身是t 時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 which,先行詞為 those, one, he 時(shí)多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like theto whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect othe

8、rs areusually respected by others.類(lèi)別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定 語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。The accidenppened at the time when I left.非限制性 定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè) 語(yǔ)，不能用 t 引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.副詞where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This is

9、 the house where I was born.可 用in whichwhy原因原因狀語(yǔ)I cant imagine the reason why heturned down my offer.可 用 for which2014年匯編：1.【2014A. When 2.【2014 classmatesA .who卷】The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.B. whereC. whyD. which卷】I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the

10、library lastk, mymended to me.B. whichC. whenD. Where3.【2014 福建卷】 Students should involve themselves in community activitiesthey can gainexperience fA. whorowth.B. whenC. whichD. where4.【2014 湖南卷】I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book andknow my feelings for her.A. asB. whyC.

11、whenD. where5.【2014 江蘇卷】The book has helped me greyy daily communication, espelly at worka good impresA. whichis a must.B. whenC. asD. where6. 【2014 江西卷】 Among the many dangers sailors have to face , probably the greatest ofall is fog .A. which7.【2014 山東卷】opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whatC. where

12、D. whenmarkets are declining may seekA company profits from homeB. whoseC. whoD. why8. 【2014 陜西卷】Please send us all the information you have about the candidate forthe A.9. 【2014ition.tB. whichC. asD. what卷】Until now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, is quiteunexpected.A.tB. which

13、C. whoD. it10. 【2014differently.卷】. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, uses itA. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them11. 【2014 重慶卷 】.Well reach the salesyear.s in a month we sethe beginning of theA. which12. 【14 大綱卷A. byB .whereC. whenD .what】29. September

14、 30 is the day A which you must pay your bill.B. forC. withD. in非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as 和 which 都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用 as；而 which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famousfitarhe 1980s.2013 年匯編：1.

15、【2013 湖南】 Happiness and suctheir own strengths.s often come to those are good at recognizingA. whomB. whoC. whatD. which2.【2013 山東】Finally he reached a lonely island was compley cut ooutside world.rom theA. when3.【2013 福建】The book affected.B. whereC. whichD. whomls stories of the earthquake through

16、the eyes of those lives wereA. whoseB.tC. whoD. Which4.【2013 江西】He wrote a letter he explains whad happenedhe accident.D. HowA. whatB. whichC. wherehe spring wi5.【2013 浙江】The museum will openn exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A .what6.【2013 新課標(biāo)stay

17、ing.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. Why二】When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_I would beB. whenC. whereD. which7.【2013A. what 8【. 2013 protected.A. when9【. 2013】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.B. whichC. whenD. where】Many countries are now setting up national pa

18、rks animals and plants can beB. whichC. whoseD. where】 We have launched another manmade salite, is announcedodaysnewspA.r.tB. whichC. whoD .what10.【2013the ChiA. it】Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one ofpeoples longheld dreams come true.B.tC. whatD. which11.【2013 浙江】T

19、he children, hlayed the whole day long, were worn outA. all of what12.【2013 新課標(biāo)B. all of whichC. all of themD. all of whom一】“You cant judge a book by its cover,” .B. goes as the old sayingD. goes as old the sayingA. as the saying goes oldC. as the old saying goes13.【2013 陜西】is often the case with ch

20、ildren, Amy was better by the time the doctorarrived.A. ItB.tC. WhatD. As14.【2013 山東】There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.A. as15.【2013 江蘇】TheB.tof the World BC. whensays he hasD. wherefor China, heremembers starting as early as his childhood.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. when16.【2013

21、 遼寧】He may wA. in which caseC. in what casehe competition, he is likely to geto the national team.B.hat caseD. in whose case17.【2013 重慶】John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family membersA themB.tC. whichD. whom2012 年匯編：1.【2012 浙江】We live in an age more information is available w

22、ith greater easebefore.n everA. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which2.【2012 重慶】Sales director is aitionsales skills.munication ability is just as important asA. whichB.tC. whenD. where3.【2012 湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual proconsidered.s even the small details of life should beA. what 4.【2012A. which5

23、【. 2012A.whoB. in whatC. whichD. in which】Have you sentnkyou notes to the relatives from you received gifts?B. themC .tD. whom】I wish tonk Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.B. whoseC. whom D. which6.【2012 江西】By 16:30,A. whichwas almost closing time, nearly all the paings

24、had been sold.B. whenC. whatD.t7.【2012A.II】t evening,I willl you more about later, I ended up working very late.tB. whichC. whatD. when8.【2012 山東】Maria has written two novels, both of have been madeoeviseries.A. them9.【2012B.tC. whichD. what】In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.A. i

25、n whomB.hemC. of whomD. of themhat area, urgently needed clean10【. 2012 江蘇】After the flooding, people were sufferingwater, medicine and shelter to survive.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what11【. 2012 浙江】Ellen was a pafrom all human society.er of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawnA. whic

26、hB. whoC. whereD. whom12.【2012 陜西】It is the third timet she has won the race, harprised us all.A.tB. whereC. whichhe city, is shownD. whathe report, has improved over the13.【2012 福建】The air qualitypast two months.A.14.【2012tB. itC. asD. what】A lot of language learning , has been discovered, is happe

27、ningheyear of life, so parents should talk much to their children duringt period.D. thisA. as15.【2012B. itC. which】When deeply absorbed in work, he often wad fet all abouteating or sleng.A.16.【2012A. for 17.【2012tB. whichC. whereD. whenII】100is the temperature which water will boil.Bat春】Sailing acro

28、ss the oceB. whoConDofas an achievement took courage.A. whatC. whichD. where2011 年匯編：1.【2011 新課標(biāo)】The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A.tB. whichC. whoseD. what2【. 2011 山東】The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to eachother.A. they3【. 2011 浙江】A b

29、B. whereC. whatD.tis the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask forit back when it begins to rain.A. whenB.tC. whereD. thereerval, the audience can buy4.【2011 江蘇】Bet icecream.A. whenn the two parts of the concert is anB. whereC.tD. which5.【2011living.A. when 6.【2011 family.A. which】

30、 The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make aB.tC. whereD. which】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus sion you can hire to reach your hostB. whereC. whenD. as7【. 2011 福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them tocommunicate freely with each other.A.

31、which8. 【2011B. where卷】Ted came for theC. whatkend wearingD. whoonly some shorts and a Tshirt,is a stuA. thisthing ton such weather.B.tC. whatD. which9.【2011】Mary was much kinder to Jackn she was to the others, , of course,make all the others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD.t10【. 2011A. which】The schoo

32、l shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.B. whoseC. whenD. where11.【2011 陜西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,view of the lake.njoyed a splendidA. which12.【2011 湖南】Ju fluently.A. whoB. whereC. whoD.twas good at German, French and Russian , all of she spokeB.

33、whomC. whichD.t13.【2011 江西 34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction hadtaken moren three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which14.【2011two or threeA. when】Whatever is left over may be putks.o the refrigerator, it will keep forB. whichC. whereD. while15.【2011 浙江】E

34、nglish is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of_ uses itsomewhat differently.A. whichB. whatC. themD. those16【2011 浙江】I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained .A. on17.【2011birthday.B. forC. byD. of春】ayes fondest memory is of last year, the club gave a tea party for herA.

35、tB. which C. where D. when2010 年匯編：1.【2010A. who 2.【2010A. what二】 I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.B.tC. asD. what】Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.B. whoseC. whichD.t3【. 2010 福建】Stephen Hawking beveshas developed gradually

36、.t the earth is unlikely to be the only planet lifeA.tB. whereC. whichD. whosey school I met in4.【2010 湖南】Ivee good friends with several of the studentsthe English speech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which5【. 2010 江西】The girl arranged to havd stay for an hour.ano lessons at the training centre with her sisterA. where6.【2010 山東】B. whoC. whichD. whatts the new machine parts are too small to be seen.A.tB. whichC. whoseD. what7.【2010 陜西】The old temple roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.