小升初英語語法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)歸納(PEP版)

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案文檔大全0文檔大全(人教PEP版)小升初英語語法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)歸納一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則一般情況下，直接力卩-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾，力卩-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5.不規(guī)貝U名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,pol

2、iceman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四大時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)間特征詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)（s/es）everyday/week,often,usually,sometimes現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be(am,is,are)+doingnow,look,listen一般將來時(shí)begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形will+動(dòng)詞原形tomorrow,nextwee

3、k,thismorning/afternoon一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞過去式（ed/不規(guī)則的）be動(dòng)詞過去式was/wereyesterday,lastweekendbefore,2daysago凡是在must,mustnt,can,cant,lets,dolrh后的一a定要用動(dòng)詞的原形口訣：時(shí)間是經(jīng)常，動(dòng)詞要用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)。時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoing形式。時(shí)間是將來，動(dòng)詞要用將來時(shí)begoingtodo（動(dòng)詞原形）。時(shí)間是過去，動(dòng)詞要用過去式（-ed）或不規(guī)則形式。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。（關(guān)鍵時(shí)間：often,eve

4、ryday,everyweek,usually,sometimes）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，般疑問句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首4在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not（doesnt），一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形；主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not（dont），一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則一

5、般情況下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，力卩-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如:study-studies三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。（關(guān)鍵時(shí)間：now,look，listen）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接

6、加ing，如：cook-cooking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如:make-making,taste-tasting如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，女口:run-running,stop-stopping四、一般將來時(shí)1定義：表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。（關(guān)鍵時(shí)間：tomorrow，nextweek，tonight，thisafternoon）肯定句：begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.否定句：benotgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootba

7、ll.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如：IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形？如：WhatisJimgoingtodo?疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+be+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形？如：Whoisgoingtoplayfootball?五、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。（關(guān)鍵時(shí)間：lastnight,lastweekend,yesterday)Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣aso(wasnot=w

8、asnt)are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=werent)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not,般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt+動(dòng)詞原形，如如:Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式？如：Whcwenttohom

9、eyesterday?動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked結(jié)尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再力卩-ed，如：stop-stopped以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如:study-studied不規(guī)貝U動(dòng)詞過去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,si

10、ng-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat六、Have、Has和Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)包括thereis，thereare，therewas，therewere意思都是“有”。和have、has、had的區(qū)別：Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)在therebe句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are;如有幾件物品，be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近b

11、e動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人擁有某物。some和any在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑問句。（6）and和or在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問句。（7）針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語？Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語？（8）針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：W

12、hats+介詞短語？（9）Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語后面。七、形容詞的比較級1形容詞比較級：在英語中，兩者進(jìn)行比較，強(qiáng)調(diào)一方比另一方，可使用形容詞比較級+than結(jié)構(gòu)2語法歸納（形容詞比較級）情況加法例詞一般情況加ersmall-smaller以e結(jié)尾的詞加rlarge-larger以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加ereasy-easier以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞將這輔音字母雙與冉加erhothotterthin-thinner3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful八、數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用

13、于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21twenty-one2、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”，特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth；3、二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth“第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞。如：88eighty-eighth巧記序數(shù)詞：1,2,3,特殊記，加th從4起；8少t,9去e,逢5逢12ve變f;2090,y要變ie;若是

14、幾十幾，前基后序別倒位九、特殊疑問詞的復(fù)習(xí)what（什么）whatcolour（什么顏色）whattime（幾點(diǎn)）whatday（星期幾）howmany（多少）when（什么時(shí)候）why（為什么）how（怎樣）who（誰）whose（誰的）which（哪一個(gè)）howold（多大、幾歲）howmuch侈少錢）where（在哪里）（一）What:什么（問事情、事物；問愛好；問職業(yè)；問外貌）Whatisthis/that?這/那是什么？Itisa/an+名詞單數(shù)。Whatarethese/those?這些/那些是什么？Theyare+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Whatisit?它是什么？Itisa/an+名詞單數(shù)。

15、Whatarethey?他們/她們/它們是什么？Theyare+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Whatis_yoursisterlike?你姐姐長得怎么樣？Sheistallandyoung.Whatdoesyoursisterlike?你姐姐喜歡什么？Shelikesdiving.Whatdoyouusuallydoontheweekend?（般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Ioftenvisitmygrandparents.Whatareyoudoingnow?（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）Iamreadingabook.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?（一般將來時(shí)）IamgoingtowatchTVtomorrow./I

16、willwatchTVtomorrow.Whatdidyoudolastweekend?（般過去時(shí)）Iplayedfootball.與What有關(guān)的疑問詞短語：Whatcolour:什么顏色（問顏色）Whattime:幾點(diǎn)鐘（問時(shí)間/問幾點(diǎn)鐘）Whattimeisitnow?Itis7:30.Whatday:星期幾（問星期）Whatdayisittoday?ItisMonday.Whatdate:什么日期（問日期）stWhatdateisittoday?ItisJune1.Whatstheweatherliketoday:（問天氣）天氣怎么樣？Itissunny.Whatwastheweath

17、erlikeyesterday?Itwascloudy.Whatsthematterwithyou?（問病癥）你怎么了？Ihaveacold.Whatsyourfavourtitefood/colour/animal/sport/class/season?Myfavouritefood/colour/animal/sport/class/seasonisWhoisyourfavouriteteacher?誰是你最喜愛的老師？MrChen/MissLiismyfavouriteteacher.（二）Where:在哪里（問地點(diǎn)、位置、方位）where配動(dòng)詞goWheredoyouusuallygo

18、everyweekend?（般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Iusuallygotoapark.Whereareyougoingnow?（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）你現(xiàn)在去哪里？IamgoingtoU.S.A.now.我去美國。Whereareyougoingtogotomorrow?（一般將來時(shí)）你明天打算去哪里？Iamgoingtothebookstoretomorrow./Iwillgotothebookstore.我準(zhǔn)備明天去書店。Wheredidyougolastweekend?（般過去時(shí)）你上個(gè)周末去了哪里？IwenttoBeijinglastweekend.我上個(gè)周末去了北京。（三）Who：誰（問人）WhoamI?

19、YouareMike.2.Whoareyou?IamAmy.Whoishe/she?HeisMike./SheisAmy.Whoarethey?TheyareMikeandAmy.Whoisthe（this）boy/girl?HeisMike./SheisAmy.Whoisthatman/woman?Heismyfather./Sheismymother.（四）Which:哪一個(gè)（問具體事物）Whichfloor?Itisonthe5th,Room5A.WhichbuscanItake?YoucantaketheNo.3bus.Whichbuscanyoutake?IcantaketheNo.

20、5bus.WhichbagisMikes?TheyellowbagisMikesbag./ThebiggeroneisMikesbag.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikesummerbest.（五）When：什么時(shí)候（問時(shí)間）Whenisyourbirthday?（in+月份,on+月+日）（1）MybirthdayisinOctober./ItsinOctober.（2）MybirthdayisonOctober5th./ItisonOctober52.WhenisTeachersItisSeptember10Day/NationalDay/ChildrensDay

21、/WomensDay?th./October1st.June1st./March8th（六）Why為什么（問原因；用because答）Whydoyoulikesummer?BecauseIcanswiminthesea.WhydoesMikelikefall?Becausehecanflykites.Whydoyoulikegrapes?Becausetheyaresweet.WhydoesJohnlikeapples?Becausetheyaresweet.（七）How：怎樣（問交通方式；問身體狀況；問心情，問感覺）Howareyou?:你好嗎？（問身體狀況）Iamfine,thanks.H

22、owdoyoufeel?:你感覺怎樣？Ifeelsick.HowdoesMikefeel?（問心情）Hefeelshappy./Heishappy.與How有關(guān)的疑問詞短語:Howmuch多少前（問價(jià)錢）Howold:多少歲（問年齡）Howbig:多大（問尺碼、大小）Howlarge:多少平方（問面積）Howmany多少（問數(shù)量）Howtall:多高（問身高）Howheavy:多重（問體重）Howlong:多長（問長度）Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?Thereare7.Howmanymonthsarethereinayear?Thereare12.Howmanyseas

23、onsarethereinayear?Thereare4.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Thereare4.Howmanybrigdesarethereinthepicture?Thereisone.Howmanybirdscanyousee?Icansee2birds.Howmuchisyourpen?Itis2yuan.Howmucharethebooks?Theyare20yuan.9.Howtallareyou?Iam168cmtall.10.Howtallisyourfather?Heis180cmtall.Howoldareyou?HowoldisMike?Howheavyareyou?HowheavyisAmy?Iam12(yearsold.)Heis11(yearsold).Iam35kg.Sheis32kg.Howbigareyourfeet?Iwearsize37.Howbigareyourbrothersfeet?Hewearssize40.Howlongisthedogstail?Itis10cmlong.Howlongareyourlegs?Howlargeisyourroom?Itis25squaremeters.Theyare90cmlong.你的房間有多大？(平方米)Whose誰的Whosep