備戰(zhàn)2018年英語必考話題分類解析話題08互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和信息技術(shù)(InternetInformationTechnology)(含解析)

1、話題 08 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和信息技術(shù)(Internet Information Technology【話題解讀】“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與信息傳媒技術(shù)”是高中新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)話題之一。該話題包括各領(lǐng)域計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)、新聞 媒體等方面?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)與信息傳媒技術(shù)已經(jīng)影響滲透到我們生活的方方面面，例如智能手機(jī)、WiFi、微信、QQ APP等。 “互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與信息傳媒技術(shù)”話題是歷年高考英語的必考話題，分值所占比重也比較高。例如：2017年浙江卷七選五、2016年全國(guó)卷I七選五，2016年全國(guó)卷出閱讀理解 D篇；2015年全國(guó)卷H的閱讀理解B篇和七選五；2012年江蘇卷完形填空；2009年江蘇卷書面表達(dá)等。 【相關(guān)詞匯】 I .寫作必記單

2、詞 1.acquirev.獲得.advance v.進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步；n.進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步；前進(jìn)一 advanced adj.先進(jìn)的，高級(jí)的.advantage n.優(yōu)點(diǎn) 4.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)5.convenient adj.便利的，方便的一 convenience n.方便，便禾 1 6.debate n.& v.爭(zhēng)論 7.explore vt.探索一 exploration n.檢測(cè)； 探險(xiǎn) 8.expose vt .揭露 9.matter vi .有關(guān)系；要緊 10.predictv.預(yù)言；預(yù)先；預(yù)報(bào)一 prediction n.預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)告一 predictor n.預(yù)言家.disturb

3、 vt.打擾；擾亂；使心神不寧 12.provide vt.提供 13.replacev.取代.support vt .& n.支持，贊助一 supporter n.支持者；擁護(hù)者 n.閱讀識(shí)記單詞 15.cover vt .采訪； 報(bào)道；遮掩； 蓋上 16.breakthroughn.重大進(jìn)展，突破.broadcastn.廣播節(jié)目:vt.廣播.connect vt.連接，把聯(lián)系起來.convenience n.方便.download v.下載.experimentn.實(shí)驗(yàn).feature n.特寫；花絮.globe n.地球儀；地球.hopefuladj.有希望的；有前途的25.instan

4、tadj.立即的； 即時(shí)的ntelligent adj.智能的fintelligencen.智力；理解力27.mobile adj .移動(dòng)的28.process n.& vt.過程； 加工，處理29.spread v.傳播；蔓延；流傳30.scientific adj.科學(xué)的fscience n.科學(xué)scientistn.科學(xué)家31.signal n.信號(hào).update vt.更新；使現(xiàn)代化.system n.系統(tǒng)；體系.technologyn.技術(shù).worldwide adj .遍及全球的，世界范圍的【高頻短語】.be addicted to 沉迷于.by this means以這種方式.c

5、atch on 了解；理解；流行.come out出版；發(fā)行；結(jié)果是.have access to 使用； 接通； 可以利用.have an effect on/upon 對(duì)有影響.keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系.keep pace with 跟上9.land on the moon 登月10.log in/on 登錄; 進(jìn)入ll.shut down/off 關(guān)掉12.with the development of 隨著的發(fā)展話題在線王健林一個(gè)億小目標(biāo)走紅社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)You shouldn t be that ambitious. Set a small targetfirst,

6、 like earning 100 million yuan. 你可以不用那么雄心勃勃，先定一個(gè)小目標(biāo)，比方說，我先掙它一個(gè)億！” If you hear somebody say that, would it drive you crazy?如果你聽到某人說這句話，一定會(huì)讓你瘋狂的吧？Well, a small target of 100 million yuan has become a hot internet topic after China s richest man WangJianlin, founder and chairman of Dalian Wanda Group,

7、claimed $100m was a small target during a show on celebrities daily lifestyle.然而，當(dāng)中國(guó)首富、大連萬達(dá)集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)王健林在一次訪談節(jié)目中提到“一個(gè)億只是一個(gè)小目標(biāo)”之后， 一億小目標(biāo)”便在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上迅速走紅。An article about his advice on WeCh at, a WhatsApp-like messaging app, h as been viewed morethan 95,793 times .諸如微信、WhatsApp-like這類軟件中也廣泛流 傳著關(guān)于這段訪談的相關(guān)文章， 瀏覽量也已

8、達(dá)到 95 793之高。Someusers jokingly commented: NowI understand,Wangj s wealth of 170 billion yuan is actuallyII一些網(wǎng)友開玩笑評(píng)論道：現(xiàn)在我終于明白了，首富的1700億是建立在1700個(gè)小目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)兒Other said: Thinking of his wealth, thisis indeed asmall target.還有一些人表示：想想他的身價(jià)，一個(gè)億確實(shí)是個(gè)小目標(biāo)。IISome even cited Armstrong s famous line in another way

9、,Thats one small step forWang, butmade up by 1,700 small targets.IIa giant leap for mankind.一些網(wǎng)友甚至改編了美國(guó)宇航員阿姆斯特朗的名言：一個(gè)億對(duì)于王健林來說只是他個(gè)人的一小步，卻是人類的一大步。Wang made the statement during an interview part of the show on how young peop le whowant to become wealthy should plan ahead.這段話出自王健林的一則嘉賓訪談節(jié)目，節(jié)目中他表示年輕人要想成

10、為首富，首先要提前進(jìn)行規(guī)劃。The show also displayed Wang s collection of famous drawings in his office and what he likesto eat for lunch at the dining hall of Wanda Group.此外，節(jié)目還獨(dú)家曝光了王健林辦公室許多名貴的書畫作品，以及他在萬達(dá)集團(tuán)的餐廳中喜歡吃何種午餐。This is not the first time that Wang has gone viral. His remarks in May on r ival entertainmentg

11、iant Walt Disney also sparked heated discussion online.這不是王健林第一次在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上走紅了。今年五月份，他關(guān)于叫板對(duì)手迪士尼的宣言也曾一度在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上引起 熱烈討論。Old people enjoy surfing on the InternetChina news, Beijing, Dec. 29 In Beijing, a group of old people, take great pleasure insurfing on the Internet, just like young peopledo. Recently, these

12、senior web surfers organizeda party, CCTV international channel reported.About 40-50 old people went to the party, which was full ofjoy and happiness. To many people, this might be the first timefor them to meet each other face to face. On the other hand, however, they might have become very close f

13、riends through online chatting.Wemight meet each other for the first time at this party. Yet we felt happy and excited, the party organizer said.It was the computer and Internet that had brought them together, many participants said.Among these people, the youngest might be in their 50s and the olde

14、st might be over 70 years old now. Despite their old age, many might have just started to learn computer and online surfing for no more than a year. Fan Wenyuan was one of themPreviously, Mr. Fan had never touched any computers, because he didn t know any of the Pinyin (phonetic system for transcrib

15、ing Chinese characters) forms adopted by computers. The Pinyin forms he learned are rather outdated now.So, Mr. Fan started to learn the new Pinyin forms and other computer knowledge. At present, Mr. Fan is able to chat online and post his articles on the website. He has even learned how to paste hi

16、s pictures on the website forum.Like Mr. Fan, there are many old people in Beijing who havestarted to learn computers. Many of them have attended computercourses for a year and have become quite familiar with online procedures.We can do what is supposed to be done by young people. It is quite an exc

17、iting experience for me sitting by the desk to get to know what has happened around the world. It sure makes my life more colorful, said a senior person at the party.When the party ended, many senior people said they felt very happy attending a party like this: it made them feel as if they were youn

18、g people, too. Computer and the Internet have made our life more interesting, they said.【閱讀賞析】What do you learn from the passage? Do you think that the old are able to enjoy surfing on the Internet?題鏈接高考試題一（2016年新課標(biāo)卷I ）題型話題難度建議時(shí)間七選五說明文密碼的設(shè)置方法和破解的方法6分鐘Secret codes （密碼）keep messages private. Banks, co

19、mpanies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags（落 后）far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography

20、.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of Myelephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message “ Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a

21、number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135 520 135. ”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a realcode, you must have a code book. 39 For example,“bridge might stand formeet andout mightstand for me. The message “Bridge out would actual

22、ly mean “Meet me.40However,it isalso hard tokeep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. Itisvery hardto break a codewithout the code book.B. Inany language,some lettersareused more than others.C. Onlypeople whoknow the keywordcan read the message.D. Aslongas therehave be

23、encodes,people have tried to break them.E.You canhidea messageby havingthe firstlettersof each word spellit out.F.With acodebook, youmight writedown words thatwould standfor otherwords.G.Anotherwayto hide amessage isto use symbolsto stand forspecificlettersof the alphabet.【話題解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了密碼的設(shè)置方法

24、和破解的方法。36n【解析】根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容可以判斷該空應(yīng)該和密碼的破透有關(guān)J故判斷D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯，可以承 接上下文.37.E【解析】后面舉的例子是來證明人們?cè)O(shè)置密碼時(shí)往往會(huì)利用一些單詞的第一個(gè)字母來作為密碼，由此判斷E選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯。38G 1解析】根據(jù)后面的解釋內(nèi)容可以判斷這是介紹密碼設(shè)置的又T巾方法，故判斷G選項(xiàng)符合語境。39于【解析】根據(jù)后面的舉例以及前句中的a氏也可以為晰該句是介紹密碼書的使用，故判斷F選項(xiàng) 可口起到承上啟下的作用，40.A【解析】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼，但是一本密碼書也不會(huì)使用很久的時(shí)間，故判斷A選項(xiàng)符合語境。高考試題二（2016年

25、新課標(biāo)卷III ）題型話題難度建議時(shí)間閱讀理解議論文網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的消息傳播速度6分鐘Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored（ 監(jiān)控）in different ways, researchers are

26、discovering new rules. By tracking people s e -mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.The if it bleeds rule works for mass media, says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. They want your eyeballs

27、 and don t care how you re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don t wantthem to think of you as a Debbie Downer.Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication - e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations - found that it t

28、ended to be more positive than negative（消極的）,but that didn t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set

29、of news stories: thousands of articles on The NewYork Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the most e-mailed list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non- science articles. He found that science ama

30、zed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to bearoused（ 激發(fā) ） one way or the other

31、, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive anarticle,the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious:Why Things Catch On. 32 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?News reports.Research papers.Private e-mails.Daily conversation

32、s.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?They re socially inactive.They re good at telling stories.They re inconsiderate of others.They re careful with their words.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger s research?Sports news.Science articles.Personal accounts.Financ

33、ial reviews.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide.B .Online News Attracts More People.Reading Habits Change with the Times.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.【話題解讀】人們常說沒有消息就是最好的消息，類似的傳統(tǒng)說法只適合于大眾媒體。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及的時(shí)代，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的傳播速度比壞消息要快很多。32.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段The if it bl

34、eeds rule works for mass media可知，像it bleeds 這樣的傳統(tǒng)說法適用于大眾媒體，故選A。33_C【解析】推理判斷題根據(jù)you care a Lcrt more how they react ”可知，你非常在乎朋友聽完你講的故 事后的反應(yīng)根據(jù)Ku dont want them to think of you as a Drbbie Downer.*1可知，你不想襁當(dāng)作一 個(gè)“ Debbie Downer ，說明Debbie Downer指的是“ 一個(gè)不為他人考慮的人，故選C,34.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 articles in the scien

35、ce section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles可知，科技類的文章比非科技類的更有可能被人們討論，故選B。35.D 【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段By tracking people s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.可知，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播得更快，影響更深遠(yuǎn)；說明文章主要講的是

36、好消息通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳播，故選D高考試題三（2016年新課標(biāo)卷II ）題型話題難度建議時(shí)間閱讀理解應(yīng)用文網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)課程5分鐘Cleaming: An Alternative Learning OpponunltyDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the roll at

37、their day school.The on-line classroom provides an innovative, relevant and interactive learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on-line courses口 are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers;，are part of the TDSB Student s timetable; and

38、，appear on the Student s report upon completion .Benefits of e-LearningInclude:口 access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school;口 using technology to provide students with current information: and, assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e-Learning for You?Students who are

39、successful in an on-line course are usually:口 able to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activities;口 capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner; and,able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.Students need to spend at least as much

40、time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that.they are given by best TDSB teachersthey are not on the day school timetablethey are not included on students reportsthey are an addition to TDSB cour

41、sesWhat do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?To learn information technology on-line.To do their assignments independently.To update their mobile devices regularly.To talk face to face with their teachers.【話題解讀】此篇文章盡管是應(yīng)用文，但是一篇與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有關(guān)的文章。本文介紹了TDS琦校中給絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)課程，介紹了這一課程的內(nèi)容、益處以及要求。56JD【

42、解析】推理判斷題,根據(jù) Benefits of e-Leaming 部分中的 Include: access to courses that may not be avaffahlc at his or her TOSE fehooL可知 D 項(xiàng)正確。57B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù) b e-Learouig for %”?部分中的 Students who are successful in on-line course are usually: capable of wodcing independeotly in a responsible and liDiLert inaniief 可

43、4口 B 項(xiàng)正確口高考試題四（2015年江蘇卷）題型話題難度建議時(shí)間閱讀理解說明文電子垃圾、電子垃圾的危害7分鐘In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three t

44、imes faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration（含量）of gold and othe

45、r precious metals was higherin so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled wa

46、ys which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals

47、, the factories needed to make the box and packaging （包裝）it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that the production, distribution, and use of products as well as management of the re

48、sulting waste all resultin greenhouse gas release. Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start - for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an

49、 incentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）for reducing waste. If producers are required to takeback packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place? Governmentsincentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produceis usually based on money. Why, they a

50、sk, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap（ 氣泡墊）that encased your television?From the governments point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producerresponsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management f

51、rom the government and tax-payers back to the producers.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that.the weight of e-goods is rather smalle-waste deserves to be made good use ofnatural minerals contain more precious metalsthe percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-wasteThe

52、responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.from producers to governmentsfrom governments to producersfrom individuals to distributorsfrom distributors to governmentsWhat does the passage mainly talk about?The increase in e-waste.The creation of e-waste.The seriousness of e-waste.The mana

53、gement of e-waste.【話題解讀】這是一篇與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有關(guān)的說明文。主要介紹了電子垃圾、電子垃圾的危害以及如何應(yīng)對(duì)電子垃圾。58【解析】考查推理木慚.該研究表明電子垃圾中的貴重金屬含量高,再根據(jù)全文作者的寫作目的可 知,，作者意在說明電子垃圾值得被充分利用因此選擇59上1解析】考杳細(xì)節(jié)理解中根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，治理電子垃圾的責(zé)任應(yīng)該從政府轉(zhuǎn)到生產(chǎn)商。因此 選擇血力【解析】考查主旨大意,文章前半部分指出了電子垃圾的數(shù)量在不斷增加及其危害？后半部分提出了 如何處理這些垃圾,由此可推知如何處理電子垃圾是文章的主旨，因na擇D。高考試題五（2013年遼寧卷）題型話題難度建議時(shí)間閱讀理解說明

54、文互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)人們記憶的影響6分鐘As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information,why store it in your own personalmemory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In

55、 a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her researchteam wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment,they gave people40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save th

56、e information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts

57、 to remember, and told them whereto find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder（文件夾 ）. Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location（位置 ） better than the facts.When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they rem

58、ember howto find it. This is called transactive memory（交互記憶 ）. According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of inform

59、ation so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt thatthe way we use memory is changing.The passage begins with two questions to .introduce the main topicshow the author s attitudedescribe how to use the

60、 Internetexplain how to store information.What can we learn about the first experiment?The Sparrow s team typed the information into a computer.The two groups remembered the information equally well.The first group did not try to remember the information.The second group did not understand the infor