汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

1、 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含中英文對(duì)照即英文原文和中文翻譯)AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE1 Engine Classification and Overall MechanicsThe automobile engines can be classified according to: (1) cycles, (2) coolingsystem, (3) fuel system, (4) ignition method, (5) valve arrangement, (6) cylinderarrangement, (7) engine speed.Engine

2、s used in automobiles are the internal combustion heat engines. Theburning of gasoline inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)2 Engine Operating PrinciplesIn four-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)Compression st

3、roke4. Exhaust stroke 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)At the end of the power stroke the camshaft opens the exhaust valve, and theexhaust stroke begins. Remaining pressure in the cylinder, and upward movement ofthe piston, force the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. At the end of the exhaust stroke,the exhaust valve cl

4、oses and the intake valve opens, repeating the entire cycle ofevents over and over again.Fig. 2-4 V6 engine block 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)The cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The jointbetween the block and the head must be gas-tight so that none of the burning mixturecan esca

5、pe. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. Gaskets are also used toseal joins between the other parts, such as between the oil pan, manifolds, or waterpump and the blocks.3.5 Oil Pan 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn) 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)had four rings, or even five.) The inside surface of the ring fits in the groove on t

6、he piston. The rings outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the rings contact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are calledcompression rings. The lower one

7、 prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore from entering the combustion chamber, and is called an oil ring.4.3 The piston pinThe piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod. This pin fits into the piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end of the connecting rod. The top e

8、nd of the rod is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft. This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston. The piston pin fits through one side of the piston, throughthe small end of the rod, and then through the other side of the piston. It holds the rodfirmly in place in the cent

9、er of the piston. Pins are made of high-strength steel and have a hollow center. Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better.A piston pinfits into a round hole in the piston. The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod. The thick part of the piston that holds the piston pin is the

10、 pin boss.4.4 Connecting RodsThe connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin. A bush made from asoft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod fits the crankshaft journal. This is called the big end. For this big-end bearing, steel-backed lead or

11、 tin shell bearings are used. These are the same as those used for the mainbearings. The split of the big end is sometimes at an angle, so that it is small enough to be withdrawn through the cylinder bore. The connecting rod is made from forged alloy steel.4.5 CrankshaftsThe crankshaft is regarded a

12、s the “backbone” of the engine (Fig. 2-7).The crankshaft, in conjunction with the connecting rod, converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle. It is usually made from car-bon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel. The main beari

13、ngjournals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connectingrods. At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel, and at the front end are the driving wheels for the timing gears, fan, cooling water and alternator. The throwof the crankshaft, i.e. the distanc

14、e between the main journal and the big end centers, c 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)4.6 FlywheelFig. 2-8 Parts of the valve train 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)The valve operating assembly includes the lifters or cam followers, pushrods,rocker arms and shafts or pivot, valve and springs etc. The purpose of this to open andclose the inta

15、ke and exhaust ports that lead to the combustion chambers as required(Fig. 2-8). Valve mechanisms vary depending on the camshaft location. When thecamshaft is positioned in the engine block, valve lifters are mounted in the openingsabove the camshaft. Pushrods are connected from each valve lifter to

16、 a pivoted rockerarm mounted above each valve. A lobe on the camshaft is positioned directly beloweach valve lifter. A typical camshaft drive has a sprocket bolted to the end of thecamshaft, and a matching sprocket is attached to the end of the crankshaft. Those twosprockets may be meshed together o

17、r surrounded a steel chain to have the camshaftdrive. When the lower part of the camshaft lobe is rotating under the valve lifter, thevalve spring holds the valve closed.汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的分類(lèi)和整體力學(xué)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可根據(jù)如下因素進(jìn)行分類(lèi)：（1）循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，（2）冷卻系統(tǒng)，（3）燃油系統(tǒng)，（4）點(diǎn)火方式，（5）氣門(mén)布置，（6）氣缸排列，（7）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。用于汽車(chē)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是內(nèi)燃機(jī)。汽油在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部燃燒，產(chǎn)生的高壓力使活塞移動(dòng)，這一

18、運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)連桿傳遞到曲軸，使它旋轉(zhuǎn)。動(dòng)力通過(guò)動(dòng)力總成傳遞到車(chē)輪，從而帶動(dòng)汽車(chē)前進(jìn)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)需要四個(gè)基本系統(tǒng)來(lái)運(yùn)行（圖 2-1）。柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)需要其中的三個(gè)基本系統(tǒng)來(lái)運(yùn)行。它們是燃油系統(tǒng)、點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)（柴油除外）、潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)和冷卻系統(tǒng)。然而，其他三個(gè)相關(guān)系統(tǒng)也是必要的。這些是排氣系統(tǒng)，排放控制系統(tǒng)，啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。每個(gè)系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)基本工作，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)正常運(yùn)行。 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn) 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)圖 2-3 四沖程循環(huán)汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)1、進(jìn)氣沖程2、壓縮行程3、做功沖程4、排氣沖程 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)圖 2-4 V6 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)圖 2-5 缸套3.3 缸蓋氣缸蓋是缸體的頂部，相當(dāng)于一所房子的屋頂與活塞頂部形成燃燒室。直列式輕型車(chē)輛的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸只有一個(gè)缸蓋 ;較大的直列式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上。正如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體，缸蓋也可由鑄鐵或鋁合金制成。氣缸蓋攜帶閥門(mén)，氣門(mén)彈簧，搖臂軸，搖臂，推動(dòng)氣門(mén)齒輪工作的推桿。有時(shí)，凸輪軸直接安裝在缸蓋上，不用搖臂控制氣門(mén)工作。這被稱(chēng)為頂置凸輪軸布置。3.4 墊片缸蓋與高強(qiáng)度鋼螺栓連接缸體。缸體和頭部之間的聯(lián)合，必須不透氣，使燃燒的混合物不能泄漏。這是通過(guò)使用氣缸蓋墊片實(shí)現(xiàn)。密封墊片還可以用于連接的其他部分，如油底殼，歧管，或水泵和缸體之間。3.5 油底殼油底殼通常由鋼