2021高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars學(xué)案含解析新人教版

1、2021高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars學(xué)案含解析新人教版2021高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars學(xué)案含解析新人教版PAGE 2021高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars學(xué)案含解析新人教版 Unit 4Astronomy： the science of the stars晨背分鐘 填詞并背記Explore MKMK， a planet billions of kilometers away, is the o

2、rigin of life in many religions. Physicists have proved the theory that its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to the earths. And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide, which are fundamental to life， exist in its atmosphere through satellites。 Cheered up by

3、this news， biologists， in their turn， began to do some research to remove peoples puzzlesNow that there are some suitable conditions， does life really exist on this globe？ Do they multiply by laying eggs or giving birth to babies？Last month， a spaceship was sent there。 Its a pity that this mission f

4、ailed。 Unlike the earth, MK is a much younger planet. Thus, masses of harmful acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out。 These clouds not only blocked out the pilots sight but also damaged the engine system. Luckily, the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the

5、spaceship from crashing in time.探測(cè)MK行星MK二號(hào)是一顆幾十億公里外的行星，它在許多宗教里都是生命起源的地方。物理學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明了它溫和的氣候和重力的牽引都和地球相似的理論;天文學(xué)家也通過(guò)衛(wèi)星,在它的大氣層里發(fā)現(xiàn)了氧原子和二氧化碳的存在，這些對(duì)生命來(lái)說(shuō),都是基本的.受到這一消息的鼓舞，生物學(xué)家們接著開(kāi)始了研究以解開(kāi)人們的迷惑-既然有了適合的條件，生命真的存在于這個(gè)星球嗎？他們是通過(guò)下蛋，還是產(chǎn)仔來(lái)繁殖后代的呢？上個(gè)月，一艘太空飛船被派到了那兒?？上У氖牵@次任務(wù)失敗了。不像地球，MK二號(hào)是一顆年輕得多的行星。因此，大團(tuán)大團(tuán)的有害酸云到處漂浮,引起猛烈的連鎖反應(yīng)的

6、爆發(fā)。這些云團(tuán)不僅阻擋了飛行員的視線，而且還損壞了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)。幸運(yùn)的是，飛行員小心注意,才及時(shí)阻止了飛船的墜毀。1religion （n。） 宗教；宗教信仰religious (adj.） 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的2globe （n.) 球體；地球儀;地球global （adj。) 全球性的;全世界的3violent (adj.） 猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的violence （n。） 暴力violently (adv.） 暴力地;猛烈地4unlike (prep.) 與不同；不像like (vt.） 喜歡(prep.） 像dislike (vt.) 不喜歡；討厭likely （adj。） 可能

7、的5reaction (n.) 反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)react (vi.） 反應(yīng)6biology （n。) 生物學(xué)biologist (n。) 生物學(xué)家7physicist (n。) 物理學(xué)家physical （adj。) 物理的；身體的physician (n。) 醫(yī)師；(尤指）內(nèi)科醫(yī)生physics (n。) 物理學(xué)8depend on/upon 依靠；取決于9break out 突發(fā);爆發(fā)10watch out for 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防11in ones turn 輪到某人12get the hang of 熟悉;掌握；理解重點(diǎn)知識(shí)分鐘harmful adj。 有害的（P26)(1）單句語(yǔ)法填

8、空As we all know, a bad eating habit is （harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned， there is no harm making an apology to him first。答案:harmfulin（2)一句多譯有些男生對(duì)玩電腦游戲簡(jiǎn)直到了癡迷的程度，這對(duì)他們的健康非常有害。Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, . (定語(yǔ)從句)Some boys are too crazy about playing games on

9、the computer， and .（并列句)答案:which is very harmful to their healthit does great harm to their health(1)be harmful to sb./sth. 對(duì)某人/某物有害eq blc rc(avs4alco1（2do/cause harm to sb。,do/cause sb. harm）對(duì)某人有害eq blc rc(avs4alco1（3There is no harm in doing sth。,It does no harm to do sth。）做某事沒(méi)有壞處（4）harmless （反義詞)

10、 adj. 無(wú)害的exist vi. 生存；存在(P26)單句語(yǔ)法填空They cant exist the money hes earning。Large amounts of Calcium exist milk。The service is available to all （exist） customers. exists a generation gap between the young and the old.Pakistan came into (exist） as an independent country after the war。答案：oninexistingTher

11、eexistence（1)exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠而生存There exist（s）/existed . 某地有；存在（2)existence n。 存在；生存come into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立;開(kāi)始存在in existence 現(xiàn)存；存在(3)existing adj。 現(xiàn)存的；正在使用的名師點(diǎn)津（1）exist只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，因此沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。(2)There exists .。 表示“存在；有”，there不可用it替換。puzzle n. 謎；難題vt。 vi. （使)迷惑;(使)為難（P27）單句語(yǔ)法填空Why Lily

12、makes the sachets (香囊） so beautifully is puzzle to me。Im not puzzled why many foreigners are so interested in Chinese kung fu.Her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said。答案：aabout/overpuzzled（1）puzzle about/over 冥思苦想;苦苦思索（2)a puzzle to sb。 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情(3）puzzling adj. 令人

13、迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的;困惑的pull n& vt。 (拉）力；拖；牽引力（P30）用pull相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空The train and all the passengers got off。They are some houses to make room for a new hotel.Everyone was very concerned about whether he would or not.As long as we theres no mountain top we cant conquer.答案:pulled inpulling downpull t

14、hroughpull togetherpull away (車(chē)輛等）駛離；開(kāi)走pull in （車(chē)輛等)進(jìn)站；?？縫ull down 拆除；使受挫；使虛弱pull off （成功地)完成；駛離pull on （匆忙地）穿上pull out 駛出車(chē)站;撤離pull through 恢復(fù)健康;渡過(guò)難關(guān)pull up 停車(chē)pull together （使）齊心協(xié)力in time 及時(shí)；終于；遲早(P25）用time相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空They ran all the way to the corner just to see the bus disappearing up the street.A

15、s the old saying goes， “Where there is a will， there is a way?！?Our efforts will pay off 。 ， I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them. did I feel they were being unreasonable。Well be there .答案:in timein timeAt one timeAt no timein no time(1）in time for . 剛好趕上

16、in time to do sth。 及時(shí)做某事(2）in no time 立刻；馬上at no time 決不（放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝）at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度at the same time 同時(shí);然而from time to time有時(shí);偶爾(3）take ones time 別著急；慢慢來(lái)kill time 消磨時(shí)光in ones turn 輪到某人（P26）用turn相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空When it is , I am too excited to speak.All theories are from practice and se

17、rve practice。The young parents had to to look after their sick baby.I think to drive the kids to school this week。It that I was wrong。答案：in my turnin turntake turnsits my turnturned outin turn 依次；輪流；相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而by turns 輪流；交替take turns doing/to do sth。 輪流做Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人干某事turn out to be sth

18、. 結(jié)果是；原來(lái)是It turns/turned out that 。. 結(jié)果是break out （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、瘟疫等）突發(fā)；爆發(fā)（P31)單句寫(xiě)作最終消防員們撲滅了今早十點(diǎn)超市發(fā)生的大火。At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket， which at ten this morning.多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會(huì)垮掉。More healthy food, or your body will sooner or later.他掙脫了警衛(wèi)，沖進(jìn)了大廳。He the guard and rushed into th

19、e hall.答案：broke outbreak downbroke away frombreak away （from）擺脫；脫離break in闖入；打斷break into破門(mén)而入break off斷開(kāi);中斷break through突破；克服break up粉碎;解散；結(jié)束break down分解;失?。还收蟃his produced a chain reaction， which made it possible for life to develop。（P26)（1)單句語(yǔ)法填空They want to make clear to the public that they do a

20、n important and necessary job.People in the west make it a rule （buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends。I consider it no use （quarrel) with him about it.答案：itto buyquarrelling/quarreling（2)一句多譯精通這項(xiàng)科技可能會(huì)讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Mastering the technology makes it possible more effectively。 （用不定式）M

21、astering the technology makes it possible more effectively. (用賓語(yǔ)從句）答案：for us to use the Internetthat we can use the Internet（1）本從句是“make it形容詞/名詞for sb。/sth。to do sth。句型。其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，指代后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。（2)make復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)：makeit形容詞/名詞不定式/從句eq avs4alco1(make賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))eq blcrc (avs4alco1(名詞或形容詞,不帶to的不定式,過(guò)去分詞，介詞短語(yǔ))find，

22、 feel， think, leave等動(dòng)詞也有這樣的用法。But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over。（P31)（1)單句語(yǔ)法填空It is said that his new apartment is twice （large） than the old one。The population now in this village is five times it was ten years ago。答案：largerwhat（2）一句多

23、譯據(jù)報(bào)道，最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一顆行星幾乎是地球的三倍大。It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times the earth.It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost three times the earth.It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost t

24、hree times the earth.答案:as large aslarger thanthe size of（1）twice as far as 。. 是一種倍數(shù)的表示方法，意為“是的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。as far as 。. “遠(yuǎn)到”。（2）英語(yǔ)中四種最常見(jiàn)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法:倍數(shù)as原級(jí)as 。 倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than 。.。 倍數(shù)the size/length/width/height/depth 。 of .。 倍數(shù)what從句名師點(diǎn)津在表示“兩倍時(shí)要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞times。倍數(shù)有時(shí)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half等來(lái)替換。課文語(yǔ)法填空分鐘No one 1 (

25、know） exactly how the earth began。 According to a 2 （wide) accepted theory， the universe began with a “Big Bang”. The earth 3 (explode) loudly and produced water vapour and other 4 (gas） making the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed 5 the surface。 It was the prese

26、nce of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas， which made 6 possible for life to develop。 First， the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish。 Next, green plants began to grow on land， 7 (f

27、ollow) by land animals。 So reptiles appeared for the first time. Later， dinosaurs developed。 However, they suddenly disappeared. After that, mammals came into being. Finally, humans 8 （appear） and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere， 9 (ma

28、ke） the earth too hot to live on。 So， 10 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved。1 2。 3. 4. 5. 6 7。 8。 9。 10. 答案：1。knows2.widely3。exploded4。gases5。on6。it7。followed8。appeared9。making10。whetheraccording to 。. 根據(jù)；按照begin with .。 以開(kāi)

29、始反義短語(yǔ)：end up with 。. 以結(jié)束It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to .。 為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that剩余部分，判斷方法為:將it is/was和that同時(shí)去掉，并適當(dāng)調(diào)整語(yǔ)序,如果句意通順且成分完整，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；否則，則為其他從句。come into being 形成；產(chǎn)生隨堂檢測(cè)分鐘。單句語(yǔ)法填空1The production is now 3 times it was ten years ago.答案：what2During those four years， h

30、e worked day and night， thus （improve） his theory gradually until it was complete。答案：improving3Sometimes he found very hard to fall asleep at night， so he went to see the doctor。答案：it4What makes me (puzzle） is why he left the country without telling anyone。答案：puzzled5Many household products are pote

31、ntially (harm)答案：harmful6 we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.答案：That7 (like) most people in the office， I dont come to work by car。答案：Unlike8The argument remains extremely heated on whether there are necessary conditions of （exist）， such as water， on Ma

32、rs。答案：existence9If our parents do everything for us， we wont learn to depend ourselves。答案：on/upon10The limits of a persons intelligence， generally speaking， are fixed at birth， but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment。答案：whether。教材微寫(xiě)作A根據(jù)提示完成句子1地球是火星的六倍大.（time； size) 答案：The earth is

33、 six times the size of Mars。2我們能登陸火星嗎？這完全取決于科學(xué)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展.(depend on） 答案：Can we land on Mars？ It all depends on the development of science and technology.3火星上幾乎沒(méi)有氧氣，這使生命存在成為不可能。（make； exist) 答案：There is almost no oxygen on Mars, which makes it impossible for life to exist.4中午的溫度可能在50度左右,而晚上的溫度則在零下100度左右。

34、這使得我們無(wú)法在那里生活。（prevent .。 from 。.） 答案：It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there。5既然火星與地球完全不同，如果我們計(jì)劃有朝一日去火星的話，我們不得不帶上我們自己的氧氣、食物、衣服和住的地方。(now that） 答案：Now that Mars is quite different from the earth， if we are to go to Mars

35、one day, we have to take our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter with us.B將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范答案：The earth is six times the size of Mars。 Whether we can land on Mars all depends on the development of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars， which makes it impossible for life to exist. It might be